Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602807
P. Kowalczewski, M. Liscidini, L. Andreani
Light trapping is crucial to increase efficiency in thin-film solar cells and to reduce the cost of advanced photovoltaic devices. It is especially important to enhance light absorption in the spectral region close to the electronic band gap of the semiconductor, where material absorption is low - and to approach the ultimate limit to absorption, which is usually taken to be the Lambertian limit. Light trapping at the wavelength-scale can be performed with ordered photonic lattices (photonic crystals, diffraction gratings), or with disordered structures, or with a combination of both. Here we report on a theoretical study of thin-film silicon solar cells with randomly rough surfaces described by a Gaussian disorder, which is characterized by the root mean square (RMS) deviation of the height and the lateral correlation length. We show that this model describes very well the scattering properties of actual rough substrates in terms of angular distribution function and haze, and we demonstrate that optimization of the disorder parameters by means of rigorous coupled-wave analysis, and with the short-circuit current density of the solar cell as a figure of merit, allows to reach the Lambertian Limit.
{"title":"Engineering disorder for light trapping in thin-film solar cells","authors":"P. Kowalczewski, M. Liscidini, L. Andreani","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602807","url":null,"abstract":"Light trapping is crucial to increase efficiency in thin-film solar cells and to reduce the cost of advanced photovoltaic devices. It is especially important to enhance light absorption in the spectral region close to the electronic band gap of the semiconductor, where material absorption is low - and to approach the ultimate limit to absorption, which is usually taken to be the Lambertian limit. Light trapping at the wavelength-scale can be performed with ordered photonic lattices (photonic crystals, diffraction gratings), or with disordered structures, or with a combination of both. Here we report on a theoretical study of thin-film silicon solar cells with randomly rough surfaces described by a Gaussian disorder, which is characterized by the root mean square (RMS) deviation of the height and the lateral correlation length. We show that this model describes very well the scattering properties of actual rough substrates in terms of angular distribution function and haze, and we demonstrate that optimization of the disorder parameters by means of rigorous coupled-wave analysis, and with the short-circuit current density of the solar cell as a figure of merit, allows to reach the Lambertian Limit.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115770132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602923
E. Lopez, V. Polo, J. Lázaro, J. Prat
In this paper, an optimal trade-off between the Optical Distribution Network (ODN) power budget and the upstream optical Signal-to-Rayleigh Ratio (US-oSRR), for a Single- Fibre/Wavelength TDM-PON rSOA-based ONU network is presented. Up to 32 ONUs can be reached over a practical implementation. Burst operation is considered.
针对单光纤/波长TDM-PON rsoa的ONU网络，提出了ODN (Optical Distribution Network)功率预算与上游光信瑞利比(US-oSRR)之间的最佳权衡。在实际实施中，最多可以达到32个onu。考虑突发操作。
{"title":"Optimal trade-off for a bidirectional Single-Fibre Single-Wavelength TDM-PON rSOA-based ONU","authors":"E. Lopez, V. Polo, J. Lázaro, J. Prat","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602923","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an optimal trade-off between the Optical Distribution Network (ODN) power budget and the upstream optical Signal-to-Rayleigh Ratio (US-oSRR), for a Single- Fibre/Wavelength TDM-PON rSOA-based ONU network is presented. Up to 32 ONUs can be reached over a practical implementation. Burst operation is considered.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130082923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602786
A. Caballero, R. Borkowski, D. Zibar, I. Monroy
High degree of heterogeneity of future optical networks, such as services with different quality-of-transmission requirements, modulation formats and switching techniques, will pose a challenge for the control and optimization of different parameters. Incorporation of cognitive techniques can help to solve this issue by realizing a network that can observe, act, learn and optimize its performance, taking into account end-to-end goals. In this letter we present the approach of cognition applied to heterogeneous optical networks developed in the framework of the EU project CHRON: Cognitive Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Optical Network. We focus on the approaches developed in the project for optical performance monitoring, which enable the feedback from the physical layer to the cognitive decision system by providing accurate description of the performance of the established lightpaths.
{"title":"Performance monitoring techniques supporting cognitive optical networking","authors":"A. Caballero, R. Borkowski, D. Zibar, I. Monroy","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602786","url":null,"abstract":"High degree of heterogeneity of future optical networks, such as services with different quality-of-transmission requirements, modulation formats and switching techniques, will pose a challenge for the control and optimization of different parameters. Incorporation of cognitive techniques can help to solve this issue by realizing a network that can observe, act, learn and optimize its performance, taking into account end-to-end goals. In this letter we present the approach of cognition applied to heterogeneous optical networks developed in the framework of the EU project CHRON: Cognitive Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Optical Network. We focus on the approaches developed in the project for optical performance monitoring, which enable the feedback from the physical layer to the cognitive decision system by providing accurate description of the performance of the established lightpaths.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"1110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134105719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602892
D. Savateeva, D. Melnikau, A. Susha, A. Rogach, Y. Rakovich
Hybrid materials formed by plasmonic nanostructures and J-aggregates provide a unique combination of localized and enhanced electro-magnetic field in metal constituent with large oscillator strength and extremely narrow exciton band of the organic component. The coherent coupling of the plasmons of the multi-spiked gold nanostars and the excitons of JC1 dye J-aggregates results in a Rabi splitting reaching 260 meV. Importantly, broad absorption features of nanostars extending over a visible and near-infrared spectral range allowed us to demonstrate double Rabi splitting resulting from the simultaneous coherent coupling between plasmons of the nanostars and excitons of J-aggregates of two different dyes.
{"title":"Plasmon-exciton strong coupling in a hybrid system of gold nanostars and J-aggregates","authors":"D. Savateeva, D. Melnikau, A. Susha, A. Rogach, Y. Rakovich","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602892","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid materials formed by plasmonic nanostructures and J-aggregates provide a unique combination of localized and enhanced electro-magnetic field in metal constituent with large oscillator strength and extremely narrow exciton band of the organic component. The coherent coupling of the plasmons of the multi-spiked gold nanostars and the excitons of JC1 dye J-aggregates results in a Rabi splitting reaching 260 meV. Importantly, broad absorption features of nanostars extending over a visible and near-infrared spectral range allowed us to demonstrate double Rabi splitting resulting from the simultaneous coherent coupling between plasmons of the nanostars and excitons of J-aggregates of two different dyes.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131557379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602914
H. Ishida, H. Hasegawa, Ken-ichi Sato
We propose a novel add/drop architecture that suits recently proposed cost-effective large-scale optical cross-connect (OXC) nodes. The proposed architecture connects each transponder bank to a limited number of incoming/outgoing fibers and attains virtually the same routing performance as the ideal add/drop architecture. This is made possible by our newly developed routing and wavelength assignment algorithm that considers the add/drop constraint. In combination with the subsystem-modular OXC node architecture, significant hardware scale reduction can be yielded. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the hardware scale of the proposed add/drop architecture is reduced by 40 % at the cost of slight decrease in throughput.
{"title":"An efficient add/drop architecture for large-scale subsystem-modular OXC","authors":"H. Ishida, H. Hasegawa, Ken-ichi Sato","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602914","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel add/drop architecture that suits recently proposed cost-effective large-scale optical cross-connect (OXC) nodes. The proposed architecture connects each transponder bank to a limited number of incoming/outgoing fibers and attains virtually the same routing performance as the ideal add/drop architecture. This is made possible by our newly developed routing and wavelength assignment algorithm that considers the add/drop constraint. In combination with the subsystem-modular OXC node architecture, significant hardware scale reduction can be yielded. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the hardware scale of the proposed add/drop architecture is reduced by 40 % at the cost of slight decrease in throughput.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130727650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6603067
H. B. Chan, Z. Marcet, D. Carr, J. Bower, R. Cirelli, F. Klemens, W. Mansfield, J. Miner, C. Pai, I. Kravchenko
In this paper, we tailor the evanescent field coupling between two metal layers with subwavelength slit arrays and created a half-wave plate that imparts a half-wave phase delay to one component of linear polarization. The polarization of linearly polarized light at 1.55 μm wavelength can be rotated by up to 90 degrees, with polarization extinction ratio exceeding 22 dB. One advantage of this device over conventional polarization rotators is that the wavelength of operation can be chosen by fabricating subwavelength slit arrays with different parameters. Moreover, future devices can be designed to be mechanically tunable by suspending one of the metal plates. Nanomechanical motion between the two metal layers changes the evanescent field coupling between them, allowing real time control of the polarization of the transmitted light.
{"title":"Controlling the polarization of light with bilayer subwavelength metallic apertures","authors":"H. B. Chan, Z. Marcet, D. Carr, J. Bower, R. Cirelli, F. Klemens, W. Mansfield, J. Miner, C. Pai, I. Kravchenko","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6603067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6603067","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we tailor the evanescent field coupling between two metal layers with subwavelength slit arrays and created a half-wave plate that imparts a half-wave phase delay to one component of linear polarization. The polarization of linearly polarized light at 1.55 μm wavelength can be rotated by up to 90 degrees, with polarization extinction ratio exceeding 22 dB. One advantage of this device over conventional polarization rotators is that the wavelength of operation can be chosen by fabricating subwavelength slit arrays with different parameters. Moreover, future devices can be designed to be mechanically tunable by suspending one of the metal plates. Nanomechanical motion between the two metal layers changes the evanescent field coupling between them, allowing real time control of the polarization of the transmitted light.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130967961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602685
W. Nakwaski, R. Sarzała
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting diode lasers (VCSELs) exhibit excellent performance characteristic: they are principally single-longitudinal-mode devices and their circular optical beam is low divergent and without astigmatism. These virtues, however, are limited in standard VCSELs to relatively low outputs because of an excitation of higher-order transverse (HOT) modes with an increase in a VCSEL active-region diameter. Therefore the above attractive VCSEL performance requires then additional suppression of HOT modes. In the present paper, the advanced optical-electrical-thermal-gain fully self-consistent VCSEL model has been applied to compare efficacy of two such suppression methods. As expected, in the standard VCSEL without any modification and with the relatively large active-region (12 μm diameter), the HOT LP51 and LP61 modes have been found at room temperature (RT) to be the lowest-threshold ones. In the first modified VCSEL with additional 3 DBR periods of radius 3.5 μm located centrally on the original DBR mirror, no essential improvement has been obtained. But the VCSEL with an additional layer of a thickness equal to a ¼ of the lasing wavelength beyond the same central active region (the inverted-relief structure) has been found to be extraordinarily selective and the fundamental LP01 mode exhibits at RT much lower threshold than any other transverse modes.
{"title":"A method used to enhance mode selectivity of VCSELs with large oxide apertures","authors":"W. Nakwaski, R. Sarzała","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602685","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting diode lasers (VCSELs) exhibit excellent performance characteristic: they are principally single-longitudinal-mode devices and their circular optical beam is low divergent and without astigmatism. These virtues, however, are limited in standard VCSELs to relatively low outputs because of an excitation of higher-order transverse (HOT) modes with an increase in a VCSEL active-region diameter. Therefore the above attractive VCSEL performance requires then additional suppression of HOT modes. In the present paper, the advanced optical-electrical-thermal-gain fully self-consistent VCSEL model has been applied to compare efficacy of two such suppression methods. As expected, in the standard VCSEL without any modification and with the relatively large active-region (12 μm diameter), the HOT LP51 and LP61 modes have been found at room temperature (RT) to be the lowest-threshold ones. In the first modified VCSEL with additional 3 DBR periods of radius 3.5 μm located centrally on the original DBR mirror, no essential improvement has been obtained. But the VCSEL with an additional layer of a thickness equal to a ¼ of the lasing wavelength beyond the same central active region (the inverted-relief structure) has been found to be extraordinarily selective and the fundamental LP01 mode exhibits at RT much lower threshold than any other transverse modes.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133027613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6603028
Tao Liu, I. Djordjevic
In this paper, we analyze the block-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) where the bit error rate is reduced by iteration of extrinsic information between a multilevel demapper and an LDPC decoder. Based on the mutual information concept of EXIT charts, a new mapping method based on optimal signal constellation (OSCD) is proposed that outperforms previously known ones. The simulation results have shown that optimized mappings for OSCD outperform natural mappings by 0.5 dB in 8-ary case and 0.6 dB in 16-ary case.
{"title":"EXIT chart analysis of optimal signal constellation sets and symbol mappings for block-interleaved coded-modulation enabling ultra-high-speed optical transport","authors":"Tao Liu, I. Djordjevic","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6603028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6603028","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyze the block-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) where the bit error rate is reduced by iteration of extrinsic information between a multilevel demapper and an LDPC decoder. Based on the mutual information concept of EXIT charts, a new mapping method based on optimal signal constellation (OSCD) is proposed that outperforms previously known ones. The simulation results have shown that optimized mappings for OSCD outperform natural mappings by 0.5 dB in 8-ary case and 0.6 dB in 16-ary case.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"360 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132140093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6603047
T. Stefaniuk, P. Wróbel, T. Szoplik
A new method of deposition of ultrasmooth silver nanolayers at pressures and temperatures above the sublimation point of water ice in electron-beam evaporator is proposed and discussed. We balance contradictory influences of several phenomena involved in physical vapour deposition process. Deposition of metal-dielectric multilayers on cooled substrates creates a problem with dimensional stability against temperature changes. Mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of layers gives rise to intrinsic stress what results in metal film cracking. Too strong cooling of substrates leads to water ice crystals formation on substrates at temperatures smaller than sublimation phase transition that occurs at temperatures and pressures below a substance's triple point in its phase diagram. Surface roughness of 30 nm thick Ag layer deposited on 1 nm Ge wetting film on sapphire substrate described in terms of root mean square (RMS) error reaches 0.5 nm. This research is motivated by the need to suppress plasmon losses due to scattering on surface roughness.
{"title":"Deposition of ultrasmooth silver nanolayers at pressures and temperatures above the sublimation point of water ice","authors":"T. Stefaniuk, P. Wróbel, T. Szoplik","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6603047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6603047","url":null,"abstract":"A new method of deposition of ultrasmooth silver nanolayers at pressures and temperatures above the sublimation point of water ice in electron-beam evaporator is proposed and discussed. We balance contradictory influences of several phenomena involved in physical vapour deposition process. Deposition of metal-dielectric multilayers on cooled substrates creates a problem with dimensional stability against temperature changes. Mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of layers gives rise to intrinsic stress what results in metal film cracking. Too strong cooling of substrates leads to water ice crystals formation on substrates at temperatures smaller than sublimation phase transition that occurs at temperatures and pressures below a substance's triple point in its phase diagram. Surface roughness of 30 nm thick Ag layer deposited on 1 nm Ge wetting film on sapphire substrate described in terms of root mean square (RMS) error reaches 0.5 nm. This research is motivated by the need to suppress plasmon losses due to scattering on surface roughness.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132183212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-23DOI: 10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602856
J. von Hoyningen-Huene, W. Rosenkranz
Investigate the different requirements for OFDMA-PON in downstream and upstream direction. We show an approach to reduce the DSP effort at the ONUs and demonstrate the OFDMA upstream transmission with four individually modulated ONUs with central distribution of the optical carrier and coherent reception at the OLT.
{"title":"Passive optical networks based on OFDM: Perspectives and experimental verifications","authors":"J. von Hoyningen-Huene, W. Rosenkranz","doi":"10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON.2013.6602856","url":null,"abstract":"Investigate the different requirements for OFDMA-PON in downstream and upstream direction. We show an approach to reduce the DSP effort at the ONUs and demonstrate the OFDMA upstream transmission with four individually modulated ONUs with central distribution of the optical carrier and coherent reception at the OLT.","PeriodicalId":376939,"journal":{"name":"2013 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133092462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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