Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.11590/ABHPS.2021.1.07
V. Bandus
{"title":"The Formation and Development of the Scientific School of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science of Professor V. O. Dobrovolsky at Odessa Polytechnic Institute in the 1930s– 1960s","authors":"V. Bandus","doi":"10.11590/ABHPS.2021.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/ABHPS.2021.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"9 1","pages":"97-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47035108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.11590/ABHPS.2021.1.05
Lyubov Sukhoterina
The article is dedicated to the activities of the Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, doctor of political economy, Volodymyr Andriyovych Kosynskyi (1864–1938), who was born in Ukraine and worked in many European countries, particularly in Latvia. Kosynskyi was active as an economist, statistician, and a public and political figure, who held the position of the Minister of Labor of Ukraine from November to December 1918. The study allows to systematize and critically evaluate the sources on the impact of Kosynskyi’s activities on the development of economics, as well as to reconstruct the main stages of his life and professional career. After a critical evaluation of the sources on the impact of Kosynskyi’s activities in economics, it is shown that his main contribution was the following: development of methodological problems of political economy, the theory and practice of credit, and methodology to develop agriculture. Kosynskyi was among the first to proclaim the transition of statistics from a science that collects and organizes information to a science that explains and predicts. The article also presents a periodization of Kosynskyi’s life and creative path, tracing the following periods: the Hlukhiv period, the Moscow period, two Riga periods, two Odessa periods, the Kyiv period, and the Czech period.
{"title":"The Life and Scientific Legacy of the Outstanding Ukrainian Economist V. A. Kosynskyi (1864–1938)","authors":"Lyubov Sukhoterina","doi":"10.11590/ABHPS.2021.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/ABHPS.2021.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the activities of the Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, doctor of political economy, Volodymyr Andriyovych Kosynskyi (1864–1938), who was born in Ukraine and worked in many European countries, particularly in Latvia. Kosynskyi was active as an economist, statistician, and a public and political figure, who held the position of the Minister of Labor of Ukraine from November to December 1918. The study allows to systematize and critically evaluate the sources on the impact of Kosynskyi’s activities on the development of economics, as well as to reconstruct the main stages of his life and professional career. After a critical evaluation of the sources on the impact of Kosynskyi’s activities in economics, it is shown that his main contribution was the following: development of methodological problems of political economy, the theory and practice of credit, and methodology to develop agriculture. Kosynskyi was among the first to proclaim the transition of statistics from a science that collects and organizes information to a science that explains and predicts. The article also presents a periodization of Kosynskyi’s life and creative path, tracing the following periods: the Hlukhiv period, the Moscow period, two Riga periods, two Odessa periods, the Kyiv period, and the Czech period.","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"9 1","pages":"67-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44936484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.11590/ABHPS.2021.1.10
Eckhard Spring
{"title":"Zigmunde, Alīda (2019), Ernst Nauck (1819–1875). The First Director of Riga Polytechnicum, Rīga: RTU Izdevniecība, 192 pp., ISBN 978-9934-22-360-0 (print); ISBN 978-9934-22-361-7 (pdf)","authors":"Eckhard Spring","doi":"10.11590/ABHPS.2021.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/ABHPS.2021.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"9 1","pages":"132-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47764695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2020.2.05
T. Kerikmäe, P. Müürsepp, Henri Mart Pihl, Ondrej Ondrej Hamuľák, Hovsep Kocharyan
Artificial intelligence (AI) is developing rapidly. There are technologies available that fulfil several tasks better than humans can and even behave like humans to some extent. thus, the situation prompts the question whether Ai should be granted legal personand/or agenthood? there have been similar situations in history where the legal status of slaves or indigenous peoples was discussed. still, in those historical questions, the subjects under study were always natural persons, i.e., they were living beings belonging to the species Homo sapiens. We analyse the situation 1 The contribution of Peeter Müürsepp to the article was supported by Estonian Research Council grant no. PRG462. 2 Ondrej Hamuľák’s work on this article was supported by Jean Monnet Network Project 611293-EPP-1-2019-1-CZ-EPPJMO-NETWORK ‘European Union and the Challenges of Modern Society’. 3 Hovsep Kocharyan participated in the work on this article on behalf of the Project of specific research no. IGA_PF_2020_003 ‘Fostering the Right to be Forgotten as the Elementary E-right: Analyses of the Judicial Approach, Contemporary Developments and Challenges’.
人工智能(AI)正在迅速发展。有一些技术可以比人类更好地完成一些任务，甚至在某种程度上表现得像人类。因此，这种情况引发了一个问题，即艾是否应该被授予法人和/或代理人身份?历史上也曾出现过类似的情况，讨论过奴隶或土著人民的法律地位。然而，在这些历史问题中，被研究的对象总是自然人，也就是说，他们是属于智人的生物。我们分析了情况1 peter m rsepp对这篇文章的贡献得到了爱沙尼亚研究委员会的资助。PRG462。2 Ondrej Hamuľák本文得到让·莫内网络项目611293-EPP-1-2019-1-CZ-EPPJMO-NETWORK“欧盟与现代社会的挑战”的支持。3 . Hovsep Kocharyan代表具体研究项目参与了本文的工作。“将被遗忘权作为一项基本的电子权利:司法途径、当代发展与挑战分析”。
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Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2020.2.06
N. Nikiforova
this article examines russian engineers’ social imagination about the future through the professional discussions held at the electrotechnical congresses in the nineteenth century. Formulating the prospective future of the industry, the state and society was a collective endeavor, a process in which the identity and mission of engineers were crystallized. through envisioning the future of technology and its role in the society, engineers revealed their cultural role as mediators between technological innovation, and both the wider public and the state. in order to better understand the manifestations of the shared cultural understandings of a desirable future and social order, the article resorts to Sheila Jasanoff’s concept of sociotechnical imaginaries (Jasanoff & Kim, 2015). the engineering community’s sociotechnical imagination about electricity was shaped around the transformative possibilities of this technology. it was believed that electrical engineering was able not only to accelerate industrial production, but also to solve social, medical and cultural problems, thereby uniting the russian empire. Descriptions of the rational, comfortable and beautiful world of the electrified future overlapped in engineering discussions, journalism and science fiction. Positive scenarios emphasized the advantages of electrical engineering and bypassed the problems associated with electrification, constructing an idea of its inevitability. The electrical engineer became a kind of a new cultural hero, who knew how to make a working device or system, and also filled the task of linking the development of technology to the development of society. 1 The article was prepared within the framework of the HSE University Basic Research Program and funded by the Russian Academic Excellence Project ‘5-100’.
本文通过19世纪电工大会上的专业讨论，考察了俄罗斯工程师对未来的社会想象。制定行业、国家和社会的未来是一个集体努力的过程，在这个过程中，工程师的身份和使命是明确的。通过设想技术的未来及其在社会中的作用，工程师揭示了他们作为技术创新之间的媒介的文化角色，以及更广泛的公众和国家。为了更好地理解对理想未来和社会秩序的共同文化理解的表现形式，本文采用了Sheila Jasanoff的社会技术想象概念(Jasanoff & Kim, 2015)。工程界对电力的社会技术想象是围绕着这项技术的变革可能性而形成的。人们认为，电气工程不仅能加速工业生产，还能解决社会、医疗和文化问题，从而统一俄罗斯帝国。在工程讨论、新闻和科幻小说中，对理性、舒适和美丽的电气化未来世界的描述是重叠的。积极的情景强调了电气工程的优势，绕过了与电气化相关的问题，构建了电气化不可避免的概念。电气工程师成为一种新的文化英雄，他们知道如何制造工作装置或系统，也承担了将技术发展与社会发展联系起来的任务。1本文在HSE大学基础研究计划框架内编写，由俄罗斯学术卓越项目“5-100”资助。
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Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2020.2.02
Robert Rosenberger
imaging technologies “transform” an object of study into something we can visually perceive in the form of an image. in science and medicine, imaging technologies enact a large variety of transformations, sometimes changing the spatiality of an object of study (e.g., making a small thing big enough to see, bringing close something far away, etc.), or changing its temporality (e.g., providing a picture of a single moment). i make use of the postphenomenological philosophical perspective, and in particular the work of its founder, Don Ihde, for guidance in exploring the different ways that imaging technologies transform our world in the process of rendering it available to visual perception. the main project of this paper is to develop a provisional categorization of a large variety of image transformations common to science and medicine.
{"title":"A Preliminary Inventory of the Transformations of Scientific Imaging","authors":"Robert Rosenberger","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2020.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2020.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"imaging technologies “transform” an object of study into something we can visually perceive in the form of an image. in science and medicine, imaging technologies enact a large variety of transformations, sometimes changing the spatiality of an object of study (e.g., making a small thing big enough to see, bringing close something far away, etc.), or changing its temporality (e.g., providing a picture of a single moment). i make use of the postphenomenological philosophical perspective, and in particular the work of its founder, Don Ihde, for guidance in exploring the different ways that imaging technologies transform our world in the process of rendering it available to visual perception. the main project of this paper is to develop a provisional categorization of a large variety of image transformations common to science and medicine.","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"8 1","pages":"21-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43874689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2020.2.07
I. Hrushytska
this article highlights the participation of the ukrainian scientist, Professor Vitaly mikhailovich Grigorevsky, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, and representative of the scientific school of Vladimir Platonovich tsesevich, in the organization and development of international cooperative partnership in the field of satellite astronomy and photometric studies of artificial satellites of the Earth. The activity of the scientist in the coordination of scientific research of the countries of Eastern Europe in 1965 –1973 under the sPin program, carried out under the auspices of the Astronomical council of the ussr Academy of sciences, is discussed. the article explores the main forms of Grigorevsky’s scientific cooperation with the world’s leading experts in the field of satellite astronomy—the British scientist Desmond King-Hele, the Czech astronomer František Link, Hungarian researchers Iván Almár and D. Toth, and others. Also, the achievements of the Latvian researchers Māris Ābele and Kasimirs Lapushka in the creation of photographic cameras of surveillance of satellites are analysed.
{"title":"Vitaly Grigorevsky’s Contribution to the Development of International Cooperation in Photometric Studies of Artificial Earth Satellites","authors":"I. Hrushytska","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2020.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2020.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"this article highlights the participation of the ukrainian scientist, Professor Vitaly mikhailovich Grigorevsky, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, and representative of the scientific school of Vladimir Platonovich tsesevich, in the organization and development of international cooperative partnership in the field of satellite astronomy and photometric studies of artificial satellites of the Earth. The activity of the scientist in the coordination of scientific research of the countries of Eastern Europe in 1965 –1973 under the sPin program, carried out under the auspices of the Astronomical council of the ussr Academy of sciences, is discussed. the article explores the main forms of Grigorevsky’s scientific cooperation with the world’s leading experts in the field of satellite astronomy—the British scientist Desmond King-Hele, the Czech astronomer František Link, Hungarian researchers Iván Almár and D. Toth, and others. Also, the achievements of the Latvian researchers Māris Ābele and Kasimirs Lapushka in the creation of photographic cameras of surveillance of satellites are analysed.","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"8 1","pages":"115-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43425555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2020.2.08
Małgorzata Durbas
the scientific life in mid-seventeenth-century europe was characterised by numerous academies of sciences and scientific associations whose aim was to propagate the development of the sciences, art and literature. some have called it “the new Age of Academies all over europe”. these institutions brought together not only educated professionals but also a large number of amateur scientists. they called for the deliberate abandonment of verbal dispute in favour of visual demonstration/experimentation, and for the creation of paid scientific professionals who would devote their full time to the enterprise. these scientists conducted numerous experiments, the results of which were demonstrated at academic sessions. Franciszek Bieliński became Grand Marshal of the Crown in 1742. During the many years of his public service, he aimed to improve the well-being of Warsaw inhabitants, especially by paving the streets and creating a modern sewerage system. in the light of recent scholarly studies, Franciszek Bieliński is perceived as a figure of very wide horizons, striving to join the Parisian academic scientific discourse in order to transfer knowledge and technology to Poland. Bieliński exchanged letters with the eminent member and three-time president of the Paris Academy of sciences (1666–1803), Henri louis Duhamel du monceau, who among numerous other projects tested new methods of horticulture, agriculture and forestry. The article aims to discuss the scientific research undertaken by Bieliński in regards to technology transfer in the area of agriculture, on the basis of unanalysed documents. recently found correspondence shows that Grand
{"title":"Knowledge and Technology Transfer in the Age of Enlightenment: The Scientific Correspondence between Franciszek Bieliński (1683-1766) and Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau (1700-1782)","authors":"Małgorzata Durbas","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2020.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2020.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"the scientific life in mid-seventeenth-century europe was characterised by numerous academies of sciences and scientific associations whose aim was to propagate the development of the sciences, art and literature. some have called it “the new Age of Academies all over europe”. these institutions brought together not only educated professionals but also a large number of amateur scientists. they called for the deliberate abandonment of verbal dispute in favour of visual demonstration/experimentation, and for the creation of paid scientific professionals who would devote their full time to the enterprise. these scientists conducted numerous experiments, the results of which were demonstrated at academic sessions. Franciszek Bieliński became Grand Marshal of the Crown in 1742. During the many years of his public service, he aimed to improve the well-being of Warsaw inhabitants, especially by paving the streets and creating a modern sewerage system. in the light of recent scholarly studies, Franciszek Bieliński is perceived as a figure of very wide horizons, striving to join the Parisian academic scientific discourse in order to transfer knowledge and technology to Poland. Bieliński exchanged letters with the eminent member and three-time president of the Paris Academy of sciences (1666–1803), Henri louis Duhamel du monceau, who among numerous other projects tested new methods of horticulture, agriculture and forestry. The article aims to discuss the scientific research undertaken by Bieliński in regards to technology transfer in the area of agriculture, on the basis of unanalysed documents. recently found correspondence shows that Grand","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"8 1","pages":"128-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46235731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2020.2.01
D. Ihde
This paper, originally given in Groningen, the Netherlands, proposed a ‘material hermeneutics’, or, metaphorically, an interpretation which “lets things speak” via new scientific imaging technologies. Such a material hermeneutics would add to, perhaps often displace the usual linguistictextual hermeneutics so refined by Paul Ricoeur. I outline several examples of such a hermeneutics here based on some 40 or more years of technoscience experience.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.11590/abhps.2020.2.03
W. Drechsler
if it is the tendency of technology, and especially of information and communication technology, particularly in the context of the smart city, not to empower the human person but rather to disenfranchise them by curtailing their capability to judge and choose, how can one counter this dynamic? code, make, talk, and pray are suggested as possible modes of
{"title":"Seamlessness as Disenfranchisement: The Digital State of Pigs and How to Resist","authors":"W. Drechsler","doi":"10.11590/abhps.2020.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2020.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"if it is the tendency of technology, and especially of information and communication technology, particularly in the context of the smart city, not to empower the human person but rather to disenfranchise them by curtailing their capability to judge and choose, how can one counter this dynamic? code, make, talk, and pray are suggested as possible modes of","PeriodicalId":37693,"journal":{"name":"Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum","volume":"8 1","pages":"38-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45720260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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