Tim Kane, W. Clatterbuck, K. Merry, Taeyoon Lee, P. Bettinger
Surveys of forestry professionals who actively manage, or advise upon the management of, forest lands were conducted to determine their opinions of the usefulness of a forest management decision support model. The surveys were aimed at evaluating attitudes and concerns about the eYield model, which was developed to assist in the examination of management options for eastern United States forests. The coronavirus issue that began in 2020 necessitated a virtual workshop environment to illustrate the potential usefulness of the eYield model. Pre- and post-workshop assessment surveys suggested that there was an interest by land managers in tools like eYield that are straightforward to use. The results suggested that the instructions associated with eYield were generally clearly presented, and the outcomes produced by eYield were generally representative of real-world conditions. The surveys also indicated that people represented by the sample frame were willing to consider new technology that may be used to address complex forest land management issues. Improvements suggested by survey participants may result in greater user interaction with Internet-based decision support systems that focus on the management of land.
{"title":"Technology to Assist Land Management: User Satisfaction with an Online Forest Management System","authors":"Tim Kane, W. Clatterbuck, K. Merry, Taeyoon Lee, P. Bettinger","doi":"10.3390/land13081247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081247","url":null,"abstract":"Surveys of forestry professionals who actively manage, or advise upon the management of, forest lands were conducted to determine their opinions of the usefulness of a forest management decision support model. The surveys were aimed at evaluating attitudes and concerns about the eYield model, which was developed to assist in the examination of management options for eastern United States forests. The coronavirus issue that began in 2020 necessitated a virtual workshop environment to illustrate the potential usefulness of the eYield model. Pre- and post-workshop assessment surveys suggested that there was an interest by land managers in tools like eYield that are straightforward to use. The results suggested that the instructions associated with eYield were generally clearly presented, and the outcomes produced by eYield were generally representative of real-world conditions. The surveys also indicated that people represented by the sample frame were willing to consider new technology that may be used to address complex forest land management issues. Improvements suggested by survey participants may result in greater user interaction with Internet-based decision support systems that focus on the management of land.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluates the new urbanization (NU) quality and the ecological resilience (ER) of 33 districts and counties in the Urban Agglomeration of Central Guizhou from 2010 to 2020. For this purpose, we used a modified coupled coordination degree (CCD) model, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and trend surface analysis to analyze the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of the CCD of NU and ER. Meanwhile, we used a modified gravity model and social network analysis to investigate the spatial connection network (SCN) characteristics of the CCD of NU and ER. The results show that (1) the general NU quality has increased significantly in the Urban Agglomeration of Central Guizhou. There is, however, a downward trend in ER. (2) For the CCD of NU and ER in the Urban Agglomeration of Central Guizhou, there is coupling dissonance, with a double U-shaped arc, characterized by west > north > south > east > central. (3) The network density increases and then decreases. Network connectivity is 1, and network efficiency decreases and then increases. (4) During the study period, the SCN is characterized by significant core–edge characteristics; there are no “island nodes” in the SCN.
本研究评估了黔中城市群33个区县2010-2020年的新型城镇化（NU）质量和生态恢复力（ER）。为此，我们采用修正的耦合协调度（CCD）模型、空间自相关分析和趋势面分析，分析了新型城镇化和生态恢复力CCD的时空演化特征。同时，我们利用修正的重力模型和社会网络分析，研究了NU和ER的CCD的空间连接网络（SCN）特征。研究结果表明：(1) 黔中城市群的一般 NU 质量显著提高。2）黔中城市群 NU 和 ER 的 CCD 存在耦合失调，呈双 U 型弧线，即西部 > 北部 > 南部 > 东部 > 中部。(3）网络密度先增后减。网络连通性为 1，网络效率先降后升。(4) 在研究期间，SCN 具有显著的核心-边缘特征；SCN 中不存在 "孤岛节点"。
{"title":"Coupled Coordination and the Spatial Connection Network Analysis of New Urbanization and Ecological Resilience in the Urban Agglomeration of Central Guizhou, China","authors":"Chengmin Wu, Haili Ren","doi":"10.3390/land13081256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081256","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the new urbanization (NU) quality and the ecological resilience (ER) of 33 districts and counties in the Urban Agglomeration of Central Guizhou from 2010 to 2020. For this purpose, we used a modified coupled coordination degree (CCD) model, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and trend surface analysis to analyze the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of the CCD of NU and ER. Meanwhile, we used a modified gravity model and social network analysis to investigate the spatial connection network (SCN) characteristics of the CCD of NU and ER. The results show that (1) the general NU quality has increased significantly in the Urban Agglomeration of Central Guizhou. There is, however, a downward trend in ER. (2) For the CCD of NU and ER in the Urban Agglomeration of Central Guizhou, there is coupling dissonance, with a double U-shaped arc, characterized by west > north > south > east > central. (3) The network density increases and then decreases. Network connectivity is 1, and network efficiency decreases and then increases. (4) During the study period, the SCN is characterized by significant core–edge characteristics; there are no “island nodes” in the SCN.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The surrounding environment of architectural heritage sites is integral to cultural heritage protection; plant landscapes play crucial roles in them. Controlling plant spaces and appearances is essential for preserving plant landscapes. A World Cultural Heritage Site, the Summer Palace has undergone multiple changes since the 1860s; restoring and protecting plant landscapes has been an ongoing research focus. However, data accuracy limitations have hindered analyses of the overall spatial characteristics of historical gardens. Here, the historical dynamics and unique landscape features of plants on the front hill of Longevity Hill (FLH) are explored, and conservation and renewal strategies are proposed. Geographic information system (GIS) and WSL Monoplotting Tool are used to identify historical plant spaces. Plant space types are classified, and their landscape characteristics are analyzed. On the basis of historical events, the historical plant spaces on the FLH can be divided into two major categories and six subcategories. The vegetation retention area (south side) was less affected, and the plant landscape along Kunming Lake was the most well-preserved. However, the vegetation-damaged area (north side) was impacted more in the western part than in the eastern part, with notable changes in spatial landscape characteristics, particularly regarding forest function, morphology, and structure. Strategies are proposed for reducing human intervention and adjusting retention areas; furthermore, historical images and spatial grading in damaged areas can be used to suggest landscape adjustment and restoration strategies. This study introduces a method for analyzing the historical characteristics of plant landscapes over time that can be used to protect cultural heritage sites worldwide.
{"title":"The Identification of Historic Plant Landscape Characteristics and Conservation Strategies for Longevity Hill Based on the WSL Monoplotting Tool","authors":"Jingyu Wu, Yao Xiao, Linjie Zhu, Sihua Cheng","doi":"10.3390/land13081255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081255","url":null,"abstract":"The surrounding environment of architectural heritage sites is integral to cultural heritage protection; plant landscapes play crucial roles in them. Controlling plant spaces and appearances is essential for preserving plant landscapes. A World Cultural Heritage Site, the Summer Palace has undergone multiple changes since the 1860s; restoring and protecting plant landscapes has been an ongoing research focus. However, data accuracy limitations have hindered analyses of the overall spatial characteristics of historical gardens. Here, the historical dynamics and unique landscape features of plants on the front hill of Longevity Hill (FLH) are explored, and conservation and renewal strategies are proposed. Geographic information system (GIS) and WSL Monoplotting Tool are used to identify historical plant spaces. Plant space types are classified, and their landscape characteristics are analyzed. On the basis of historical events, the historical plant spaces on the FLH can be divided into two major categories and six subcategories. The vegetation retention area (south side) was less affected, and the plant landscape along Kunming Lake was the most well-preserved. However, the vegetation-damaged area (north side) was impacted more in the western part than in the eastern part, with notable changes in spatial landscape characteristics, particularly regarding forest function, morphology, and structure. Strategies are proposed for reducing human intervention and adjusting retention areas; furthermore, historical images and spatial grading in damaged areas can be used to suggest landscape adjustment and restoration strategies. This study introduces a method for analyzing the historical characteristics of plant landscapes over time that can be used to protect cultural heritage sites worldwide.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Fu, Yaowen Liang, Jie Chen, Ling Zhu, Guang Fu
Multi-scenario simulation and prediction of land use can provide guidance for the optimization of land use patterns. Combining the GMOP model with the PLUS model can better evaluate the influence of different land use strategies on the comprehensive benefits of land use and improve the scientificity of the simulation results. This study takes Haikou City as the research area. As the political, economic, and cultural center of Hainan Province, it is the highest urbanization area in Hainan Province and also the vane of the urban development of Hainan Province. Its development experience and model play an important leading role in the surrounding cities. The land use data of 2010, 2015, and 2020 were selected, and the spatiotemporal pattern of land use under the 2035 Business As Usual scenario (BAU), Economic Development scenario (ED), and Economic and Ecological Balanced Development scenario (EEB) was simulated based on the GMOP-PLUS model. The results show that: (1) The prediction results generally show the trend of the decrease in cultivated land and forest land and the increase in construction land, among which the expansion capacity of construction land is the strongest, and the forest land is more occupied, but the increase and decrease in land use types are different under different scenarios. (2) The three simulation scenarios all show the trend of economic benefit improvement and ecological benefit decline, which indicates that the primary objective of Haikou City’s future development remains focused on economic construction, with the potential compromise of ecological functions to accommodate urban expansion. (3) The comprehensive benefits of the region in the EEB scenario are significantly higher than those in the BAU and ED scenarios. The optimized land use structure is more balanced, the scale of urban expansion is limited, and the loss of important ecological land is reduced to a minimum, which is more in line with the current concept of sustainable development. The study can serve as a reference for the coordinated development of urban planning, land use management, and ecological environment in Haikou.
土地利用的多情景模拟与预测可为土地利用模式的优化提供指导。将 GMOP 模型与 PLUS 模型相结合，可以更好地评价不同土地利用策略对土地利用综合效益的影响，提高模拟结果的科学性。本研究以海口市为研究区域。海口市是海南省的政治、经济、文化中心，是海南省城市化水平最高的地区，也是海南省城市发展的风向标。其发展经验和模式对周边城市具有重要的引领作用。选取 2010 年、2015 年和 2020 年的土地利用数据，基于 GMOP-PLUS 模型模拟了 2035 年 "一切照旧 "情景（BAU）、经济发展情景（ED）和经济生态平衡发展情景（EEB）下的土地利用时空格局。结果表明(1）预测结果总体上呈现出耕地、林地减少，建设用地增加的趋势，其中建设用地扩张能力最强，林地占用较多，但不同情景下土地利用类型的增减不同。(2）三种模拟情景均呈现经济效益提高、生态效益下降的趋势，说明海口市未来发展的首要目标仍是以经济建设为中心，为适应城市扩张，生态功能有可能受到损害。(3）EEB 情景下区域综合效益明显高于 BAU 情景和 ED 情景。优化后的土地利用结构更加均衡，城市扩张规模受到限制，重要生态用地损失降到最低，更符合当前可持续发展的理念。该研究可为海口市城市规划、土地利用管理和生态环境的协调发展提供参考。
{"title":"A New Framework of Land Use Simulation for Land Use Benefit Optimization Based on GMOP-PLUS Model—A Case Study of Haikou","authors":"Hui Fu, Yaowen Liang, Jie Chen, Ling Zhu, Guang Fu","doi":"10.3390/land13081257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081257","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-scenario simulation and prediction of land use can provide guidance for the optimization of land use patterns. Combining the GMOP model with the PLUS model can better evaluate the influence of different land use strategies on the comprehensive benefits of land use and improve the scientificity of the simulation results. This study takes Haikou City as the research area. As the political, economic, and cultural center of Hainan Province, it is the highest urbanization area in Hainan Province and also the vane of the urban development of Hainan Province. Its development experience and model play an important leading role in the surrounding cities. The land use data of 2010, 2015, and 2020 were selected, and the spatiotemporal pattern of land use under the 2035 Business As Usual scenario (BAU), Economic Development scenario (ED), and Economic and Ecological Balanced Development scenario (EEB) was simulated based on the GMOP-PLUS model. The results show that: (1) The prediction results generally show the trend of the decrease in cultivated land and forest land and the increase in construction land, among which the expansion capacity of construction land is the strongest, and the forest land is more occupied, but the increase and decrease in land use types are different under different scenarios. (2) The three simulation scenarios all show the trend of economic benefit improvement and ecological benefit decline, which indicates that the primary objective of Haikou City’s future development remains focused on economic construction, with the potential compromise of ecological functions to accommodate urban expansion. (3) The comprehensive benefits of the region in the EEB scenario are significantly higher than those in the BAU and ED scenarios. The optimized land use structure is more balanced, the scale of urban expansion is limited, and the loss of important ecological land is reduced to a minimum, which is more in line with the current concept of sustainable development. The study can serve as a reference for the coordinated development of urban planning, land use management, and ecological environment in Haikou.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the post-industrial era, many cities have experienced the decline of heavy industry and traditional manufacturing, leading to the widespread emergence of brownfields. These often cluster geographically, forming “brownfield clusters” characterized by shared spatial and functional traits. Our research examined these phenomena within 10 resource-exhausted cities in China, employing kernel density analysis to explore the spatial dynamics within and among these clusters and their urban contexts. We identified three distinct spatial relationships between brownfield clusters and their host cities (coupling, juxtaposition, and encircling), with a detailed case study in Huangshi City further classifying the clusters into five categories based on their dominant factors, spatial morphologies, types of brownfields, and internal dynamics. The study reveals that the spatial configurations of brownfield clusters are significantly influenced by geographic features, transportation infrastructure, and policy frameworks. Based on these findings, we propose targeted regeneration strategies for each cluster type. This research not only enhances our understanding of brownfield challenges and opportunities in China’s resource-exhausted cities but also serves as a valuable reference for other cities and regions worldwide facing similar challenges.
{"title":"Spatial Characteristics of Brownfield Clusters and “City-Brown” Patterns: Case Studies of Resource-Exhausted Cities in China","authors":"Quanchuan Fu, Yawen Han, Shuangbin Xiang, Jingyuan Zhu, Linlin Zhang, Xiaodi Zheng","doi":"10.3390/land13081251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081251","url":null,"abstract":"In the post-industrial era, many cities have experienced the decline of heavy industry and traditional manufacturing, leading to the widespread emergence of brownfields. These often cluster geographically, forming “brownfield clusters” characterized by shared spatial and functional traits. Our research examined these phenomena within 10 resource-exhausted cities in China, employing kernel density analysis to explore the spatial dynamics within and among these clusters and their urban contexts. We identified three distinct spatial relationships between brownfield clusters and their host cities (coupling, juxtaposition, and encircling), with a detailed case study in Huangshi City further classifying the clusters into five categories based on their dominant factors, spatial morphologies, types of brownfields, and internal dynamics. The study reveals that the spatial configurations of brownfield clusters are significantly influenced by geographic features, transportation infrastructure, and policy frameworks. Based on these findings, we propose targeted regeneration strategies for each cluster type. This research not only enhances our understanding of brownfield challenges and opportunities in China’s resource-exhausted cities but also serves as a valuable reference for other cities and regions worldwide facing similar challenges.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiayu Yang, Xinhui Feng, Yan Li, Congying He, Shiyi Wang, Feng Li
Low-carbon cities aim to minimize greenhouse gas emissions in the context of climate change in the process of urbanization. Maintaining these cities at an appropriate physical scale has been proven to contribute to carbon reduction. Therefore, this study extended the definition of the city scale to an integrated framework with three dimensions: the construction land area, population, and economy. The urban construction land of 258 cities in China during 2012 to 2019 was divided into commercial, industrial, residential, and traffic sectors, and carbon emissions were calculated for each. The regression relationship between carbon emissions and the urban scale revealed by panel data analysis showed the following conclusions: (1) carbon emissions were concentrated in north China, provincial capital cities, and municipalities directly under the central government during the research period, and the industrial sector was the main emission resource, accounting for more than 85% of the total emissions. (2) Carbon emissions per unit of land decreased with the increasing land scale, regardless of the land-use type. The growth rate of carbon emissions was slower than that of the population, and cities also became more efficient as their economic scale expanded. (3) Compared with small cities, the large ones benefited more from increasing commercial and traffic land areas, whereas industrial emissions for production needs exhibited significant agglomeration characteristics. Overall, low-carbon planning should focus on the driving role of provincial capital cities as large cities tend to be more efficient, and develop the emission reduction potential of major industrial cities as well.
{"title":"How Does Urban Scale Influence Carbon Emissions?","authors":"Jiayu Yang, Xinhui Feng, Yan Li, Congying He, Shiyi Wang, Feng Li","doi":"10.3390/land13081254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081254","url":null,"abstract":"Low-carbon cities aim to minimize greenhouse gas emissions in the context of climate change in the process of urbanization. Maintaining these cities at an appropriate physical scale has been proven to contribute to carbon reduction. Therefore, this study extended the definition of the city scale to an integrated framework with three dimensions: the construction land area, population, and economy. The urban construction land of 258 cities in China during 2012 to 2019 was divided into commercial, industrial, residential, and traffic sectors, and carbon emissions were calculated for each. The regression relationship between carbon emissions and the urban scale revealed by panel data analysis showed the following conclusions: (1) carbon emissions were concentrated in north China, provincial capital cities, and municipalities directly under the central government during the research period, and the industrial sector was the main emission resource, accounting for more than 85% of the total emissions. (2) Carbon emissions per unit of land decreased with the increasing land scale, regardless of the land-use type. The growth rate of carbon emissions was slower than that of the population, and cities also became more efficient as their economic scale expanded. (3) Compared with small cities, the large ones benefited more from increasing commercial and traffic land areas, whereas industrial emissions for production needs exhibited significant agglomeration characteristics. Overall, low-carbon planning should focus on the driving role of provincial capital cities as large cities tend to be more efficient, and develop the emission reduction potential of major industrial cities as well.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Worldwide, large-scale biodiversity monitoring schemes are developing and involve many non-specialist volunteers. If the opening of schemes to non-specialists allows for the gathering of huge amounts of data, their quality represents a controversial issue. In the framework of the French Garden Butterfly Observatory (FGBO), we studied non-specialist volunteer identification errors based on identifications provided during a one-shot experiment. With 3492 butterfly pictures sent by 554 non-specialist volunteers, we directly measured identification errors and misidentification rates for each butterfly species or species group targeted by the FGBO. The results showed that when non-specialist volunteers identified butterflies at the species level, identification errors (i.e., the misidentification rate) reached 20.9%. It was only 5.0% when FGBO species groups were used. This study provides novel insights into the trade-off between data quantity and quality provided by non-specialist volunteers and shows that if protocols, research questions and identification levels are adapted, participatory monitoring schemes relying on non-specialists represent a powerful and reliable tool to study common species at a large scale and on a long-term basis.
{"title":"Data Quality of National Monitoring Schemes: Filling the Gap between Specialists and the General Public","authors":"Benjamin Bergerot, Benoît Fontaine","doi":"10.3390/land13081252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081252","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, large-scale biodiversity monitoring schemes are developing and involve many non-specialist volunteers. If the opening of schemes to non-specialists allows for the gathering of huge amounts of data, their quality represents a controversial issue. In the framework of the French Garden Butterfly Observatory (FGBO), we studied non-specialist volunteer identification errors based on identifications provided during a one-shot experiment. With 3492 butterfly pictures sent by 554 non-specialist volunteers, we directly measured identification errors and misidentification rates for each butterfly species or species group targeted by the FGBO. The results showed that when non-specialist volunteers identified butterflies at the species level, identification errors (i.e., the misidentification rate) reached 20.9%. It was only 5.0% when FGBO species groups were used. This study provides novel insights into the trade-off between data quantity and quality provided by non-specialist volunteers and shows that if protocols, research questions and identification levels are adapted, participatory monitoring schemes relying on non-specialists represent a powerful and reliable tool to study common species at a large scale and on a long-term basis.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Washington J. S. Franca Rocha, Rodrigo N. Vasconcelos, D. Costa, S. G. Duverger, Jocimara S. B. Lobão, Deorgia T. M. Souza, Stefanie M. Herrmann, Nerivaldo A. Santos, Rafael O. Franca Rocha, Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira, Mariana Oliveira, Leonardo da Silva Barbosa, Carlos Leandro Cordeiro, Willian M. Aguiar
Dryland regions around the world are facing intricate challenges due to climate change and human activities. The Caatinga biome in Brazil, an exceptional dryland ecosystem covering approximately 86.3 million hectares, is particularly impacted by human influence. We conducted an extensive study analyzing changes in land use and land cover within the Caatinga region over a span of 35 years, from 1985 to 2019. This study leverages collective knowledge and collaborative effort with the MapBiomas project to provide valuable insights into the biome’s landscape. It maps eight principal land cover classes using Landsat Collection 1 Tier 1 data normalized to top-of-atmosphere reflectance. All data processing was carried out within the Google Earth Engine platform, and the graphics were generate using R version 3.6.2. This study achieved an impressive 80% global accuracy in the time series of Caatinga land use and land cover (LULC) changes, with allocation and area discrepancies of 11.6% and 8.5%, respectively. The extensive 35-year LULC dataset reveals a substantial 11% reduction in natural vegetation in the Caatinga biome, translating to a loss of 6.57 million hectares. This decline is primarily attributed to the expansion of cattle ranching and agriculture; all types of natural vegetation have experienced decreases, with Savanna Formation (SF) areas declining by 11% and Forest Formation (FF) areas declining by 8%. In contrast, pasturelands expanded by 62% and agricultural land expanded by 284% during this period. With their urgent and significant real-world for informing social, economic, and environmental policy decisions within the Caatinga and other dryland regions globally, these findings underscore the importance and immediacy of our research.
{"title":"Towards Uncovering Three Decades of LULC in the Brazilian Drylands: Caatinga Biome Dynamics (1985–2019)","authors":"Washington J. S. Franca Rocha, Rodrigo N. Vasconcelos, D. Costa, S. G. Duverger, Jocimara S. B. Lobão, Deorgia T. M. Souza, Stefanie M. Herrmann, Nerivaldo A. Santos, Rafael O. Franca Rocha, Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira, Mariana Oliveira, Leonardo da Silva Barbosa, Carlos Leandro Cordeiro, Willian M. Aguiar","doi":"10.3390/land13081250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081250","url":null,"abstract":"Dryland regions around the world are facing intricate challenges due to climate change and human activities. The Caatinga biome in Brazil, an exceptional dryland ecosystem covering approximately 86.3 million hectares, is particularly impacted by human influence. We conducted an extensive study analyzing changes in land use and land cover within the Caatinga region over a span of 35 years, from 1985 to 2019. This study leverages collective knowledge and collaborative effort with the MapBiomas project to provide valuable insights into the biome’s landscape. It maps eight principal land cover classes using Landsat Collection 1 Tier 1 data normalized to top-of-atmosphere reflectance. All data processing was carried out within the Google Earth Engine platform, and the graphics were generate using R version 3.6.2. This study achieved an impressive 80% global accuracy in the time series of Caatinga land use and land cover (LULC) changes, with allocation and area discrepancies of 11.6% and 8.5%, respectively. The extensive 35-year LULC dataset reveals a substantial 11% reduction in natural vegetation in the Caatinga biome, translating to a loss of 6.57 million hectares. This decline is primarily attributed to the expansion of cattle ranching and agriculture; all types of natural vegetation have experienced decreases, with Savanna Formation (SF) areas declining by 11% and Forest Formation (FF) areas declining by 8%. In contrast, pasturelands expanded by 62% and agricultural land expanded by 284% during this period. With their urgent and significant real-world for informing social, economic, and environmental policy decisions within the Caatinga and other dryland regions globally, these findings underscore the importance and immediacy of our research.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehmood ul Hassan, Syed Tanveer Shah, Abdul Basit, Wafaa M Hikal, Mushtaq Ahmad Khan, Waleed Khan, K. Tkachenko, F. Brini, H. S. Said-Al Ahl
Wheat is the most consumed crop worldwide. Zeolite application combined with good tillage practices are good combinations that provide better soil conditions for wheat crops. Zeolite also provides a good layer for carbon to be absorbed into the soil and can retain carbon for hundreds of years. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of tillage practices and zeolite treatments on soil carbon retention and wheat crop productivity. Arranging the treatments implemented according to a factorial randomized block design which includes three replications. Tillage treatments include three levels vis: T1= 6 tillage practices with the help of cultivator (farmer practice/control), T2 (minimum tillage), and T3 (2 cultivation with cultivator + Mold-board plough). The zeolite applications consist of four levels: Z1 = 0, Z2 = 5, Z3 = 10 and Z4 = 15 t ha−1. The effect of the interaction between zeolite treatments and tillage practices on various factors related to soil and crops such as emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), dissolved organic carbon, soil organic carbon, and the productivity and components of wheat productivity. Zeolite applied at 10 t ha−1 in combination with minimum tillage gave significant differences in terms of CO2 emission, dissolved organic carbon, and on soil organic carbon. The experimental results showed that minimum CO2 emission (25.43 and 31.12 (kg CO2-C ha−1 h−1), dissolved organic carbon (4.80 and 4.90 g C kg−1), soil organic carbon (7.88 and 7.97 g C kg−1), plant height (92.14 and 92.97 cm), spike length (11.88 ad 12.11 cm), number of spikelets (20.11 and 20.98), number of tillers (278.65 and 283.93) per unit area, 1000 grain weight (50.74 and 51.54 g), biological yield (8134.87 and 8187.38 kg ha−1) and grain yield (2984.28 and 3028.96 kg ha−1) and harvest index (36.69 and 37.04%) of wheat was observed in zeolite applied at 10 t ha−1 with minimum tillage practice (T2 × Z3) compared to control and other treatments for both the years, respectively. It is therefore concluded that minimum tillage should be practiced in wheat crops with the application of zeolite at 10 t ha−1 to obtain better yield and soil carbon retention under rain-fed conditions.
{"title":"Improving Wheat Yield with Zeolite and Tillage Practices under Rain-Fed Conditions","authors":"Mehmood ul Hassan, Syed Tanveer Shah, Abdul Basit, Wafaa M Hikal, Mushtaq Ahmad Khan, Waleed Khan, K. Tkachenko, F. Brini, H. S. Said-Al Ahl","doi":"10.3390/land13081248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081248","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is the most consumed crop worldwide. Zeolite application combined with good tillage practices are good combinations that provide better soil conditions for wheat crops. Zeolite also provides a good layer for carbon to be absorbed into the soil and can retain carbon for hundreds of years. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of tillage practices and zeolite treatments on soil carbon retention and wheat crop productivity. Arranging the treatments implemented according to a factorial randomized block design which includes three replications. Tillage treatments include three levels vis: T1= 6 tillage practices with the help of cultivator (farmer practice/control), T2 (minimum tillage), and T3 (2 cultivation with cultivator + Mold-board plough). The zeolite applications consist of four levels: Z1 = 0, Z2 = 5, Z3 = 10 and Z4 = 15 t ha−1. The effect of the interaction between zeolite treatments and tillage practices on various factors related to soil and crops such as emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), dissolved organic carbon, soil organic carbon, and the productivity and components of wheat productivity. Zeolite applied at 10 t ha−1 in combination with minimum tillage gave significant differences in terms of CO2 emission, dissolved organic carbon, and on soil organic carbon. The experimental results showed that minimum CO2 emission (25.43 and 31.12 (kg CO2-C ha−1 h−1), dissolved organic carbon (4.80 and 4.90 g C kg−1), soil organic carbon (7.88 and 7.97 g C kg−1), plant height (92.14 and 92.97 cm), spike length (11.88 ad 12.11 cm), number of spikelets (20.11 and 20.98), number of tillers (278.65 and 283.93) per unit area, 1000 grain weight (50.74 and 51.54 g), biological yield (8134.87 and 8187.38 kg ha−1) and grain yield (2984.28 and 3028.96 kg ha−1) and harvest index (36.69 and 37.04%) of wheat was observed in zeolite applied at 10 t ha−1 with minimum tillage practice (T2 × Z3) compared to control and other treatments for both the years, respectively. It is therefore concluded that minimum tillage should be practiced in wheat crops with the application of zeolite at 10 t ha−1 to obtain better yield and soil carbon retention under rain-fed conditions.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The visibility of retail frontages is critical for earning profits from spontaneous traffic visits to retail shops located along a street. The urban tree canopy plays a crucial role in enhancing the street-side environment, yet more is not always better when considering the placement of retail shops behind trees with big canopies. Related evidence in the literature is rarely provided, and an unclear relationship has been reported to exist between the number of shops for a specific retail type and the quantified ratio of the canopy shade in a street view. In this study, both big data crawling and deep learning were employed to unravel this relationship for retail shops in Changchun, Northeast China. The entire study area was divided into 6037 grid cells with a side length of ~0.6 km, wherein the number of shops of five retail types (food and beverage, shopping, life services, entertainment, and hotel) were quantified by computer counting their points of interest (POIs). The canopy shade was evaluated using the green view index (GVI) quantified through the ratio of canopy pixels divided by all the pixels in a street view image obtained through an online map API. A neighboring road network was categorized into four classes: class I road density mainly reduced the number of retail shops, and the road densities of classes III and IV accounted for more retail shops. The relationship between the number of retail shops and the GVI could be fitted with positive skewness curves for class II roads, where the critical peak of the GVI was estimated to be about 3.27%. The optimization scheme indicated that more retail shops should be placed along class I and II roads. In conclusion, more retail shops for food and beverage, shopping, and life services should be placed in the landscape neighboring big canopies.
{"title":"Optimizing Spatial Distribution of Retail Shops against Neighborhood Tree Canopy Shade Using Big Data Extracted from Streetscape","authors":"Yifeng Liu, Zhanhua Cao, Hongxu Wei, Peng Guo","doi":"10.3390/land13081249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081249","url":null,"abstract":"The visibility of retail frontages is critical for earning profits from spontaneous traffic visits to retail shops located along a street. The urban tree canopy plays a crucial role in enhancing the street-side environment, yet more is not always better when considering the placement of retail shops behind trees with big canopies. Related evidence in the literature is rarely provided, and an unclear relationship has been reported to exist between the number of shops for a specific retail type and the quantified ratio of the canopy shade in a street view. In this study, both big data crawling and deep learning were employed to unravel this relationship for retail shops in Changchun, Northeast China. The entire study area was divided into 6037 grid cells with a side length of ~0.6 km, wherein the number of shops of five retail types (food and beverage, shopping, life services, entertainment, and hotel) were quantified by computer counting their points of interest (POIs). The canopy shade was evaluated using the green view index (GVI) quantified through the ratio of canopy pixels divided by all the pixels in a street view image obtained through an online map API. A neighboring road network was categorized into four classes: class I road density mainly reduced the number of retail shops, and the road densities of classes III and IV accounted for more retail shops. The relationship between the number of retail shops and the GVI could be fitted with positive skewness curves for class II roads, where the critical peak of the GVI was estimated to be about 3.27%. The optimization scheme indicated that more retail shops should be placed along class I and II roads. In conclusion, more retail shops for food and beverage, shopping, and life services should be placed in the landscape neighboring big canopies.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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