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Enhancing Access to Urban Hill Parks: The Montjuïc Trail Masterplan and the 360° Route Design in Barcelona 增强城市山地公园的可及性:巴塞罗那蒙特朱伊克小径总体规划和 360° 路线设计
IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/land13010002
Josep Mercadé-Aloy, Marina Cervera-Alonso-de-Medina
The 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include ensuring universal and safe access to green spaces. Some cities feature extensive green areas on hills or elevated terrains integrated into the urban landscape. In such cases where the benefits for users are highly pronounced (e.g., views, isolation, etc.), it is challenging and particularly complex to design strategies to ensure accessible and spatial routes due to multiple slopes and a challenging topography. In Barcelona, the iconic Montjuïc mountain has been the focal point of a trail masterplan aimed at rethinking its various access points and internal network of routes. Furthermore, the city has committed to implementing an initial project from this plan, the so-called 360° route. This study presents an in-depth analysis of the Montjuïc mountain case, encompassing both the plan and the 360° project in hilly urban parks. The analysis reveals the values and transferability of the set of strategies proposed in the plan, such as activating inherent location characteristics by connecting the surrounding urban fabric with elements of recreational potential within the underlying traces of heritage value. Additionally, a quantitative assessment of the impact of the proposed accesses on the population is presented. The study highlights the improvements in quality of life for the diverse users of this type of green infrastructure.
2030 年联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)包括确保普及和安全使用绿地。一些城市的山丘或高地拥有大片绿地,与城市景观融为一体。在这种情况下,用户可以享受到非常明显的好处(如美景、与世隔绝等),但由于多坡度和具有挑战性的地形,确保无障碍和空间路线的设计战略具有挑战性和复杂性。在巴塞罗那,标志性的蒙朱伊克山一直是步道总体规划的焦点,该规划旨在重新考虑其各个入口和内部路线网络。此外,该市还致力于实施该计划中的一个初步项目,即所谓的 360° 路线。本研究对蒙朱伊克山案例进行了深入分析,包括城市丘陵公园计划和 360° 项目。分析揭示了规划中提出的一系列战略的价值和可移植性,如通过将周边城市结构与具有遗产价值的潜在娱乐元素连接起来,激活固有的位置特征。此外,还对拟议通道对人口的影响进行了量化评估。该研究强调了此类绿色基础设施可改善不同用户的生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
How Can Drones Uncover Land Degradation Hotspots and Restoration Hopespots? An Integrated Approach in the Mount Elgon Region with Community Perceptions 无人机如何发现土地退化热点和恢复希望点?埃尔贡山地区与社区认知的综合方法
IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/land13010001
H. Opedes, Shafiq Nedala, C. A. Mücher, J. Baartman, F. Mugagga
Human-induced land degradation in biodiverse regions like Mount Elgon threatens vital ecosystems. This study employs drone mapping and community insights to assess land use changes, degradation, and restoration in Mount Elgon, Uganda. Drone monitoring (2020–2023) covered six sites, complemented by household surveys (n = 499), Focus Group Discussions (FDGs), and interviews. Drone imagery shows agriculture and planted forest as dominant land use types, gradually replacing tropical high forest, bushland, and grassland. Drone image results showed that smallholder subsistence farming is leading to and enhancing degradation. Landslides and encroachment into the park were detected in three of the six sites. Trenches were the most adopted Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) measure. The trench adoption varied by location and crop type, creating restoration potential, notably in Elgon, Nabyoko, and Shiteka. Interviews and FGDs revealed adoption of trenches, grass strips, and afforestation as remedies to land degradation. Complex interactions exists among land use, degradation, and SWC measures in the upper Manafwa watershed, underscoring the urgency of addressing landslides and encroachment into the forest. Community-based initiatives are vital for hands-on SWC training, emphasizing long-term benefits. Collaboration among government, local communities, and NGOs is crucial to enforce conservation and restore MENP, while encouraging diversified income sources can reduce land dependency and mitigate degradation risks.
在埃尔贡山等生物多样性地区,人类造成的土地退化威胁着重要的生态系统。本研究利用无人机测绘和社区洞察力来评估乌干达埃尔贡山的土地利用变化、退化和恢复情况。无人机监测(2020-2023 年)覆盖六个地点,并辅以家庭调查(n = 499)、焦点小组讨论(FDGs)和访谈。无人机图像显示,农业和人工林是主要的土地利用类型,逐渐取代了热带高山森林、灌木林和草地。无人机图像结果显示,小农自给农作导致并加剧了土地退化。六个地点中有三个发现了山体滑坡和侵占公园的情况。沟渠是采用最多的水土保持(SWC)措施。沟渠的采用因地点和作物类型而异,尤其是在埃尔冈、纳比奥科和希特卡,沟渠的采用创造了恢复潜力。访谈和专题小组讨论会表明,沟渠、草带和植树造林是土地退化的补救措施。上马纳夫瓦流域的土地利用、退化和小流域综合管理措施之间存在着复杂的相互作用,这凸显了解决山体滑坡和侵占森林问题的紧迫性。以社区为基础的倡议对于小流域综合管理实践培训至关重要,并强调长期效益。政府、当地社区和非政府组织之间的合作对于实施保护和恢复可持续森林管理至关重要,而鼓励多样化的收入来源则可以减少对土地的依赖并降低退化风险。
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引用次数: 0
Placing Urban Renewal in the Context of the Resilience Adaptive Cycle 将城市更新置于复原力适应性循环的背景中
IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/land13010008
Lars Marcus, J. Colding
Resilience thinking provides valuable insights into the dynamics of complex adaptive systems. To achieve resilience in urban systems, it can be fruitful to delve into the intricacies of resilience processes. This paper theorizes about how the specific characteristics of resilient systems can be integrated into the spatial design of cities. Emphasizing the importance of the built form and spatial systems in maintaining order within urban processes, we focus on how adaptive renewal cycles can be applied to various systems and dimensions where urban change, adaptation, and renewal occur. The paper identifies key resilient system characteristics applicable to urban spatial form and contextualizes urban renewal within the adaptive renewal cycle—a framework originally developed to capture temporal and spatial ecosystem dynamics. We integrate insights within ‘space syntax theory’, theorizing about how cities renew themselves over space and time. We discuss instances of ‘compressed resilience’ and the challenges posed by the ‘tyranny of small decisions’ in urban planning and development. In conclusion, we identify future research directions in the theory of spatial morphology and resilient urban systems, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the interplay between urban processes, urban form, resilience, and adaptive renewal.
复原力思维为复杂适应系统的动态发展提供了宝贵的见解。为了实现城市系统的复原力,深入研究复原力过程的复杂性可能会有所收获。本文从理论上探讨了如何将弹性系统的具体特征融入城市空间设计。我们强调建筑形式和空间系统在城市进程中维持秩序的重要性,重点探讨如何将适应性更新周期应用于城市变化、适应和更新发生的各种系统和层面。本文确定了适用于城市空间形式的关键弹性系统特征,并将城市更新纳入适应性更新周期--一个最初为捕捉时空生态系统动态而开发的框架。我们整合了 "空间句法理论 "的见解,从理论上探讨了城市如何在空间和时间上进行自我更新。我们讨论了 "压缩复原力 "的实例,以及城市规划和发展中 "小决策的暴政 "所带来的挑战。最后,我们确定了空间形态学和弹性城市系统理论的未来研究方向,强调需要更深入地理解城市进程、城市形态、弹性和适应性更新之间的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Carbon Farming: How to Support Farmers in Choosing the Best Management Strategies for Low-Impact Food Production 碳农业:如何支持农民为低影响粮食生产选择最佳管理策略
IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/land13010005
L. Piscitelli, Annalisa De Boni, R. Roma, Giovanni Ottomano Palmisano
The European Commission is directing efforts into triggering the storage of carbon in agricultural soils by encouraging the adoption of carbon farming practices under the European Green Deal and in other key EU policies. However, farmers that want to enter this production model urgently need to define the sustainable practices required for increasing soil organic carbon without overturning production systems and also need to adapt it for optimizing yields and improving carbon stocks. However, there is still a lack of tools that are easy to use and interpret for guiding farmers and stakeholders to find ways in which to increase soil organic carbon content. Therefore, this research aims to set up a novel bottom–up approach, in terms of the methodology and analysis process, for identifying tailored sustainable farming management strategies for the purpose of increasing soil carbon. We investigated 115 real food production cases that were carried out under homogeneous pedo-climatic conditions over a period of 20 years in the Apulia region (Southern Italy), which made it possible to create a dataset of 12 variables that were analyzed through a decision tree (created with the C4.5 algorithm). The overall results highlight that the treatment duration was the most crucial factor and affected the carbon stock both positively and negatively. This was followed by the use of cover crops alone and then those in combination with a type of irrigation system; hence, specific agricultural management strategies were successfully identified for obtaining effective carbon storage in the considered real food production cases. From a wider perspective, this research can serve as guidance to help EU private actors and public authorities to start carbon farming initiatives, pilot projects, or certification schemes at the local and/or regional levels.
欧盟委员会正在通过鼓励在欧洲绿色交易和欧盟其他重要政策中采用碳农业实践,努力引发农业土壤中的碳储存。然而,希望采用这种生产模式的农民迫切需要确定在不颠覆生产系统的情况下增加土壤有机碳所需的可持续做法,还需要对其进行调整,以优化产量和提高碳储量。然而,目前仍缺乏易于使用和解释的工具来指导农民和利益相关者找到增加土壤有机碳含量的方法。因此,本研究旨在从方法论和分析过程两方面建立一种新颖的自下而上的方法,以确定量身定制的可持续农业管理策略,达到增加土壤碳含量的目的。我们调查了 115 个真实的粮食生产案例,这些案例是在阿普利亚地区(意大利南部)20 年的同质气候条件下进行的,因此可以创建一个包含 12 个变量的数据集,并通过决策树(使用 C4.5 算法创建)进行分析。总体结果表明,处理持续时间是最关键的因素,对碳储量既有正面影响,也有负面影响。其次是单独使用覆盖作物,然后是覆盖作物与灌溉系统的结合;因此,在所考虑的实际粮食生产案例中,成功确定了获得有效碳储存的具体农业管理策略。从更广阔的角度来看,这项研究可作为指导,帮助欧盟私营企业和公共机构在地方和/或区域层面启动碳农业倡议、试点项目或认证计划。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the Cumulative Impacts of Forest Management on Forest Age Structure Development and Woodland Caribou Habitat in Boreal Landscapes: A Case Study from Two Canadian Provinces 评估森林管理对森林年龄结构发展和林地驯鹿栖息地的累积影响:加拿大两个省的案例研究
IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/land13010006
Brendan Mackey, Carly Campbell, Patrick Norman, S. Hugh, D. DellaSala, Jay R. Malcolm, Mélanie Desrochers, Pierre Drapeau
The Canadian boreal forest biome has been subjected to a long history of management for wood production. Here, we examined the cumulative impacts of logging on older forests in terms of area, distribution and patch configuration in the managed forest zones of the Eastern Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. We also examined the consequences of these cumulative impacts on a once widely distributed and now threatened species, the woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). The cumulative area of recently logged forest (since ~1976) was 14,024,619 ha, with 8,210,617 ha in Quebec and 5,814,002 ha in Ontario. The total area of older forest was 22,672,369 ha, with 12,390,740 ha in Quebec and 10,281,628 ha in Ontario. Patch statistics revealed that there were 1,085,822 older forests with core patches < 0.25 ha and an additional 603,052 < 1.0 ha. There were 52 > 10,00–50,000 ha and 8 < 50,000 ha. Older forest patches (critical caribou habitat) in the 21 local population ranges totalled 6,103,534 ha, distributed among ~387,102 patches with 362,933 < 10 ha and 14 > 50,000 ha. The median percentage of local population ranges that was disturbed was 53.5%, with Charlevoix having the maximum (90.3%) and Basse Côte-Nord the least (34.9%). Woodland caribou local population ranges with disturbed suitable habitats >35% are considered unable to support self-sustaining populations. We found that for the 21 caribou local population ranges examined, 3 were at very high risk (>75% area disturbed), 16 at high risk (>45 ≤ 75% area disturbed), and 2 at low risk (≤35% area disturbed). Major changes are needed in boreal forest management in Ontario and Quebec for it to be ecologically sustainable, including a greater emphasis on protection and restoration for older forests, and to lower the risks for caribou populations.
加拿大北方森林生物群落经历了漫长的木材生产管理历史。在这里,我们研究了在加拿大东部安大略省和魁北克省的森林管理区,伐木在面积、分布和斑块结构方面对古老森林的累积影响。我们还研究了这些累积影响对曾经广泛分布但现在濒临灭绝的物种--林地驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus caribou)的影响。新近采伐的森林(1976 年以后)的累计面积为 14,024,619 公顷,其中 8,210,617 公顷在魁北克,5,814,002 公顷在安大略。老林总面积为 22,672,369 公顷,其中魁北克省为 12,390,740 公顷,安大略省为 10,281,628 公顷。斑块统计显示,有 1,085,822 块古老森林的核心斑块小于 0.25 公顷,另有 603,052 块小于 1.0 公顷。面积大于 10,00-50,000 公顷的有 52 个,小于 50,000 公顷的有 8 个。21个地方种群分布区的老林斑块(重要的驯鹿栖息地)总面积为6,103,534公顷,分布在约387,102个斑块中,其中362,933个小于10公顷,14个大于50,000公顷。受到干扰的地方种群分布区所占比例的中位数为 53.5%,其中沙勒沃瓦最高(90.3%),下科特-北部最低(34.9%)。林地驯鹿适宜栖息地受干扰程度大于 35% 的地方种群范围被认为无法支持自我维持的种群。我们发现,在所考察的 21 个驯鹿地方种群分布区中,有 3 个处于极高风险状态(扰动面积大于 75%),16 个处于高风险状态(扰动面积大于 45 ≤ 75%),2 个处于低风险状态(扰动面积小于 35%)。安大略省和魁北克省的北方森林管理需要进行重大变革,以实现生态可持续发展,包括更加重视老林的保护和恢复,并降低驯鹿种群面临的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Pre-Harvest Corn Grain Moisture Estimation Using Aerial Multispectral Imagery and Machine Learning Techniques 利用航空多光谱成像和机器学习技术进行收获前玉米粒水分估算
IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/land12122188
Pius Jjagwe, A. Chandel, David Langston
Corn grain moisture (CGM) is critical to estimate grain maturity status and schedule harvest. Traditional methods for determining CGM range from manual scouting, destructive laboratory analyses, and weather-based dry down estimates. Such methods are either time consuming, expensive, spatially inaccurate, or subjective, therefore they are prone to errors or limitations. Realizing that precision harvest management could be critical for extracting the maximum crop value, this study evaluates the estimation of CGM at a pre-harvest stage using high-resolution (1.3 cm/pixel) multispectral imagery and machine learning techniques. Aerial imagery data were collected in the 2022 cropping season over 116 experimental corn planted plots. A total of 24 vegetation indices (VIs) were derived from imagery data along with reflectance (REF) information in the blue, green, red, red-edge, and near-infrared imaging spectrum that was initially evaluated for inter-correlations as well as subject to principal component analysis (PCA). VIs including the Green Normalized Difference Index (GNDVI), Green Chlorophyll Index (GCI), Infrared Percentage Vegetation Index (IPVI), Simple Ratio Index (SR), Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index (NDRE), and Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) had the highest correlations with CGM (r: 0.68–0.80). Next, two state-of-the-art statistical and four machine learning (ML) models (Stepwise Linear Regression (SLR), Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN)), and their 120 derivates (six ML models × two input groups (REFs and REFs+VIs) × 10 train–test data split ratios (starting 50:50)) were formulated and evaluated for CGM estimation. The CGM estimation accuracy was impacted by the ML model and train-test data split ratio. However, the impact was not significant for the input groups. For validation over the train and entire dataset, RF performed the best at a 95:5 split ratio, and REFs+VIs as the input variables (rtrain: 0.97, rRMSEtrain: 1.17%, rentire: 0.95, rRMSEentire: 1.37%). However, when validated for the test dataset, an increase in the train–test split ratio decreased the performances of the other ML models where SVM performed the best at a 50:50 split ratio (r = 0.70, rRMSE = 2.58%) and with REFs+VIs as the input variables. The 95:5 train–test ratio showed the best performance across all the models, which may be a suitable ratio for relatively smaller or medium-sized datasets. RF was identified to be the most stable and consistent ML model (r: 0.95, rRMSE: 1.37%). Findings in the study indicate that the integration of aerial remote sensing and ML-based data-run techniques could be useful for reliably predicting CGM at the pre-harvest stage, and developing precision corn harvest scheduling and management strategies for the growers.
玉米籽粒水分(CGM)对于估计籽粒成熟度和安排收割至关重要。确定 CGM 的传统方法包括人工侦察、破坏性实验室分析和基于天气的干度估计。这些方法要么耗时、昂贵,要么在空间上不准确,要么主观臆断,因此很容易出错或受到限制。由于认识到精确的收获管理对于获得作物的最大价值至关重要,本研究利用高分辨率(1.3 厘米/像素)多光谱图像和机器学习技术,对收获前阶段的作物总产量估算进行了评估。该研究在 2022 年种植季收集了 116 块玉米种植实验田的航空图像数据。根据图像数据以及蓝、绿、红、红边和近红外成像光谱中的反射率(REF)信息,共得出 24 种植被指数(VIs),并对这些指数进行了初步的相互关联性评估和主成分分析(PCA)。包括绿色归一化差异指数 (GNDVI)、绿色叶绿素指数 (GCI)、红外百分比植被指数 (IPVI)、简单比率指数 (SR)、归一化差异红边指数 (NDRE) 和可见光抗大气指数 (VARI) 在内的各种指数与 CGM 的相关性最高(r:0.68-0.80)。接下来,研究人员制定了两种最先进的统计模型和四种机器学习(ML)模型(逐步线性回归(SLR)、偏最小二乘法回归(PLSR)、人工神经网络(ANN)、支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林(RF)和 K-近邻(KNN))及其 120 种衍生模型(六种 ML 模型 × 两组输入数据(REFs 和 REFs+VIs ) × 10 种训练-测试数据分割比例(起始比例为 50:50)),并对其进行了评估。CGM 估计精度受 ML 模型和训练-测试数据分割比例的影响。不过,对输入组的影响不大。在对训练数据集和整个数据集进行验证时,RF 在 95:5 的分割比以及 REFs+VIs 作为输入变量时表现最佳(rtrain:0.97,rRMSEtrain:1.17%,rentire:0.95,rRMSEentire:1.37%)。然而,在对测试数据集进行验证时,训练-测试分割比的增加降低了其他 ML 模型的性能,其中 SVM 在 50:50 分割比(r = 0.70,rRMSE = 2.58%)和以 REFs+VIs 作为输入变量时表现最佳。在所有模型中,95:5 的训练-测试比例表现最佳,这可能是相对较小或中等规模数据集的合适比例。RF 被认为是最稳定、最一致的 ML 模型(r:0.95,rRMSE:1.37%)。研究结果表明,将航空遥感和基于 ML 的数据运行技术相结合,有助于在收获前阶段可靠地预测 CGM,并为种植者制定精确的玉米收获调度和管理策略。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the Governance of Rural Living Environments in China: A Perspective of “System-Life” Based on Field Research Conducted in Village A, Xiangtan County, Hunan Province 中国农村人居环境治理研究:基于湖南省湘潭县 A 村田野调查的 "系统-生活 "视角
IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/land12122182
Yunjuan Liang, Qiyu Shi, Anthony Fuller
This research focuses on the governance of rural living environments in China from the perspective of “System-Life”. The objective of improving rural living environments is to construct a beautiful countryside, which is an important part of China’s rural revitalization strategy. Through a literature review, a field study, and quantitative analysis, this paper explores the tensions and interactions between local governments and social demand by investigating four elements of the village improvement program: the village’s appearance, sewage treatment, domestic garbage disposal, and the sanitation of toilets. We also examine the interactions between the main participants involved in the governance of rural living environments, including the primary-level governments, village committees, and the villagers themselves. It was found that there is a path toward constructing a benign interaction between “system” and “life”. In terms of “system”, the primary-level governments play a decisive role in the implementation of policies, offering a creative interpretation and flexible implementation of a policy. From the perspective of “life”, the village committee is the bridge between the primary-level governments and villagers. The villagers have their own understanding of policy and the logic of life. This probe leads us to suggest that primary-level governments need to respect the perceptions and priorities of villagers in order to improve the performance of this well-intentioned program.
本研究从 "系统-生命 "的视角关注中国农村人居环境的治理。改善农村人居环境的目的是建设美丽乡村,这是中国乡村振兴战略的重要组成部分。本文通过文献综述、实地考察和定量分析,对村容村貌、污水处理、生活垃圾处理和厕所卫生这四个村庄整治项目的要素进行调查,探讨地方政府与社会需求之间的紧张关系和互动关系。我们还考察了农村人居环境治理的主要参与者,包括基层政府、村委会和村民自身之间的互动关系。研究发现,"制度 "与 "生活 "之间存在着构建良性互动的路径。从 "制度 "的角度看,基层政府在政策执行中起着决定性的作用,对政策进行创造性的解读和灵活的执行。从 "生活 "角度看,村委会是基层政府与村民之间的桥梁。村民对政策有自己的理解,也有自己的生活逻辑。通过这一探究,我们认为基层政府需要尊重村民的认知和优先权,以提高这一善意计划的绩效。
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引用次数: 0
Study on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Regional Green Space Morphology Outside Built-Up Areas based on the Google Earth Engine and Biophysical Component Modeling 基于谷歌地球引擎和生物物理成分模型的建成区外区域绿地形态时空演变研究
IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/land12122184
Yiwen Ji, Lang Zhang, Xinchen Gu, Lei Zhang
The spatial pattern of regional green space is an important dimension to describe and quantitatively express the characteristics of regional green spaces outside the built-up area of a city. With the expansion of urban and rural construction land, regional green space has been continuously encroached upon. This leads to a decline in regional ecological well-being and the loss of biodiversity. Based on the remote sensing data of Shanghai city from 2000 to 2020, we quantitatively studied the spatial morphological change characteristics of regional green space outside the built-up area of Shanghai city. Firstly, with the help of the GEE platform, the optimal decoding accuracy classification method was selected through machine learning (random forest, support vector machine, classification regression tree); then, based on the biophysical component (BCI) and CA binarization, the built-up area ranges for up to five time nodes were obtained; finally, through GIS spatial data analysis and processing technology, the regional green space dynamic data of Shanghai for five time nodes were extracted. Based on the above data, an analysis index system was constructed to quantitatively analyze the spatial morphology characteristics of the regional green space outside the built-up area of Shanghai. The results show that (1) the area of regional green space outside the built-up area of Shanghai had a fluctuating growth pattern of “decreasing and then increasing”. The arable land and water areas in Shanghai decreased, and the woodland area increased steadily, while the wetland and grassland areas showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. (2) The regional green patch fragmentation shows a fluctuating development trend of increasing, decreasing, and increasing. (3) The change in the spatial center of gravity of the regional green space in Shanghai had a high degree of consistency with the overall green space change. The center of gravity of the grasslands in the regional green space moved substantially to the northwest, while the center of gravity of the other types remained basically unchanged. This study reveals the spatial morphology characteristics of regional green spaces and provides a research method to study the dynamic changes in regional ecological resources. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the identification, protection, and development of regional ecological resources.
区域绿地的空间格局是描述和定量表达城市建成区以外区域绿地特征的重要维度。随着城乡建设用地的扩张,区域绿地不断被侵占。这导致了区域生态福祉的下降和生物多样性的丧失。基于 2000-2020 年上海市遥感数据,我们定量研究了上海市建成区外区域绿地的空间形态变化特征。首先,借助GEE平台,通过机器学习(随机森林、支持向量机、分类回归树)选择解码精度最优的分类方法;然后,基于生物物理分量(BCI)和CA二值化,得到最多五个时间节点的建成区范围;最后,通过GIS空间数据分析处理技术,提取出五个时间节点的上海市区域绿地动态数据。根据上述数据,构建分析指标体系,定量分析上海建成区外区域绿地的空间形态特征。结果表明:(1) 上海市建成区外区域绿地面积呈 "先减后增 "的波动增长格局。上海耕地和水域面积减少,林地面积稳步增加,湿地和草地面积呈先减少后增加的趋势。(2)区域绿地破碎化呈现出增加、减少、增加的波动发展态势。(3)上海区域绿地空间重心变化与整体绿地变化具有较高的一致性。区域绿地中草地的重心向西北方向大幅移动,而其他类型的重心基本保持不变。本研究揭示了区域绿地的空间形态特征,为研究区域生态资源的动态变化提供了研究方法。研究结果可为区域生态资源的识别、保护和开发提供科学依据。
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引用次数: 0
Micromobility in Urban Trail Paths: Expanding and Strengthening the Planning of 15-Minute Cities 城市步道的微移动性:扩大和加强 15 分钟城市规划
IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/land12122181
Chrysa Vizmpa, G. Botzoris, P. Lemonakis, A. Galanis
Contemporary urban planning models include urban trail paths. These are paths that create active transportation corridors within a city’s built environment, providing more sustainable travel, especially for short trips. The benefits of their use are plentiful, including improvements in commuters’ health, reductions in energy footprint, and socio-economic benefits for the entire society. In modern urban planning approaches such as the “15-minute city”, urban trail paths serve as connectors, facilitating access to amenities beyond the close-proximity concept of a “neighborhood”. They act as a way of connecting residents to other 15-minute cities/neighborhoods via safe routes, reducing extensive car use. Micromobility constitutes a novel approach to short trips with proven results. This paper explores the possibility of introducing micromobility as a means of connecting 15-minute cities/neighborhoods through urban trail paths. Through a literature review, an analysis is conducted of the opportunities arising from the introduction of micromobility, as well as on the factors influencing its sustained use in urban mobility and the public realm.
当代城市规划模式包括城市步道。这些路径在城市的建筑环境中创造了主动交通走廊,提供了更可持续的出行方式,尤其是短途旅行。使用这些路径的好处很多,包括改善通勤者的健康、减少能源消耗以及为整个社会带来社会经济效益。在 "15 分钟城市 "等现代城市规划方法中,城市步道发挥着连接作用,方便人们使用 "邻里 "概念以外的设施。它们通过安全的路线将居民与其他 15 分钟城市/街区连接起来,减少了汽车的大量使用。微型交通是短途出行的一种新方法,其效果已得到证实。本文探讨了引入微型交通的可能性,将其作为通过城市步道连接 15 分钟城市/街区的一种手段。通过文献综述,分析了引入微型交通所带来的机遇,以及影响其在城市交通和公共领域持续使用的因素。
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引用次数: 0
A Geospatial Approach to Identify and Evaluate Ecological Restoration Sites in Post-Fire Landscapes 识别和评估火灾后景观生态恢复地点的地理空间方法
IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/land12122183
Stefanos Dosis, G. Petropoulos, K. Kalogeropoulos
Wildfires are a pervasive natural phenomenon in Mediterranean forest ecosystems, causing significant ecological imbalances that demand immediate restoration efforts. The intricacy of reinstating the ecological balance necessitates a proactive approach to identifying and assessing suitable restoration sites. The assessment and investigation of the most suitable restoration sites is of particular importance both for the relevant authorities and for planning and decision making by the state. This study proposes the development of a user-friendly model for evaluating and identifying the most suitable restoration sites immediately after a fire, using geoinformation technologies. For the purposes of demonstrating the method’s applicability, the 2016 fire of “Prinos”, Thasos, Greece, an area that has been repeatedly affected by forest fires, was chosen as a case study. The methodology evaluation was carried out by applying the weighted multicriteria decision analysis method (MCDAM) and was based on a number of variables. The analysis, processing and extraction of the results were performed using primarily remote sensing datasets in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. The methodology proposed herein includes the classification of the individual criteria and their synthesis based on different weighting factors. In the final results, the restoration suitability maps are presented in five suitability zones based on two different scenarios. Based on this study, the integration of geospatial and remote sensing data offers a valuable and cost-effective means for promptly assessing post-fire landscapes, with the aim of identifying suitable restoration sites.
野火是地中海森林生态系统中普遍存在的一种自然现象,会造成严重的生态失衡,需要立即开展修复工作。恢复生态平衡的工作错综复杂,需要采取积极主动的方法来确定和评估合适的恢复地点。评估和调查最合适的恢复地点对于相关部门以及国家的规划和决策都尤为重要。本研究建议开发一个用户友好型模型,利用地理信息技术评估和确定火灾后最合适的恢复地点。为了证明该方法的适用性,我们选择了 2016 年希腊塔索斯岛 "普里诺斯 "火灾作为案例研究,该地区曾多次受到森林火灾的影响。方法评估采用加权多标准决策分析法(MCDAM),以多个变量为基础。结果的分析、处理和提取主要使用地理信息系统(GIS)环境中的遥感数据集。本文提出的方法包括对各个标准进行分类,并根据不同的权重系数对其进行综合。在最终结果中,根据两种不同的情况,将恢复适宜性地图划分为五个适宜区。在这项研究的基础上,地理空间和遥感数据的整合为及时评估火灾后的地貌提供了一种有价值且具有成本效益的方法,目的是确定合适的恢复地点。
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引用次数: 0
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