Juan Diego López-Arquillo, Cristiana Oliveira, Jose Serrano González, Amador Durán Sánchez
The coastal strip, characterized by the urbanization of coastal tourist territories (CTTs), has expanded over decades through civil engineering, altering the shoreline dynamics and creating artificial beaches crucial for tourism. To examine the relationship between extensive land use in CTTs for tourism and residences and the presence of marine litter, a specific parametric study was conducted along the coast of Tenerife, the largest island in the Canary Islands. Due to Tenerife’s geographical location and exposure to the descending Gulf Stream flow, the coastal waters in the selected zone experience waste impact at both local and global scales. However, the presence of marine litter deposited by ocean currents is at a micro level and falls outside the scope of this report. This study parameterised urban reality in study areas, and the presence of macro waste has been parameterised using standardised units of measurement. This enables the establishment of source measurements that will contribute to preventative measures against this type of coastal pollution. The interdependence between tourist zoning, civil seafront engineering works along the seafront, and marine litter presence in inaccessible and visible areas for tourists requires a methodology to better understand waste origin and loading areas. This knowledge is crucial for an effective local monitoring system. A quantitative overlay reading methodology has been designed in the urban setting through calculations of urban densities, while examining the waste in these areas’ immediate infralittoral flooring through the use of visual underwater extraction. Anticipating the type and quantity of waste in each area will allow for the implementation of effective awareness, promoting action for preventative and corrective measures at the urban level. The results show a direct dependence between urban density and the presence of waste, as well as an equation that makes it possible to anticipate the amount of waste according to urban density and its relational vector. There is no discontinuity between them, as each area is affected by others to the extent that they establish the parametric continuity conditions determining each field. Therefore, it is possible to relate them beyond a one-on-one relationship. This approach fosters sustainable tourism development, reducing pressure on the sea and enhancing the utilisation of tourism revenues in measures to address waste-related challenges and promotes sustainable tourism development in Europe’s coastal regions.
{"title":"Interdependence in Coastal Tourist Territories between Marine Litter and Immediate Tourist Zoning Density: Methodological Approach for Urban Sustainable Development","authors":"Juan Diego López-Arquillo, Cristiana Oliveira, Jose Serrano González, Amador Durán Sánchez","doi":"10.3390/land13010050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010050","url":null,"abstract":"The coastal strip, characterized by the urbanization of coastal tourist territories (CTTs), has expanded over decades through civil engineering, altering the shoreline dynamics and creating artificial beaches crucial for tourism. To examine the relationship between extensive land use in CTTs for tourism and residences and the presence of marine litter, a specific parametric study was conducted along the coast of Tenerife, the largest island in the Canary Islands. Due to Tenerife’s geographical location and exposure to the descending Gulf Stream flow, the coastal waters in the selected zone experience waste impact at both local and global scales. However, the presence of marine litter deposited by ocean currents is at a micro level and falls outside the scope of this report. This study parameterised urban reality in study areas, and the presence of macro waste has been parameterised using standardised units of measurement. This enables the establishment of source measurements that will contribute to preventative measures against this type of coastal pollution. The interdependence between tourist zoning, civil seafront engineering works along the seafront, and marine litter presence in inaccessible and visible areas for tourists requires a methodology to better understand waste origin and loading areas. This knowledge is crucial for an effective local monitoring system. A quantitative overlay reading methodology has been designed in the urban setting through calculations of urban densities, while examining the waste in these areas’ immediate infralittoral flooring through the use of visual underwater extraction. Anticipating the type and quantity of waste in each area will allow for the implementation of effective awareness, promoting action for preventative and corrective measures at the urban level. The results show a direct dependence between urban density and the presence of waste, as well as an equation that makes it possible to anticipate the amount of waste according to urban density and its relational vector. There is no discontinuity between them, as each area is affected by others to the extent that they establish the parametric continuity conditions determining each field. Therefore, it is possible to relate them beyond a one-on-one relationship. This approach fosters sustainable tourism development, reducing pressure on the sea and enhancing the utilisation of tourism revenues in measures to address waste-related challenges and promotes sustainable tourism development in Europe’s coastal regions.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"121 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Against the backdrop of an urban-rural dual structure, governance structure significantly influences the fairness and sharing of land value increment profits from land consolidation in various regions. This paper develops a spatial-institutional analytical framework, reflects on the traditional government-led land quota planning management mechanism and advocates optimizing governance structures in land consolidation to facilitate urban-rural element flows and the sharing of land value increment profits. This paper selects two comprehensive land consolidation cases in the Fenghua District and Cixi City of Ningbo, representing government-led and village collective self-organized governance structures. The research shows that the Fenghua case adopts a government-led state-owned enterprise coordinated governance structure, which state-owned enterprises bear operational risks and the majority of profit sharing, while village collectives, as landowners, are insufficiently protected in benefit sharing. The Cixi case employs a government-embedded village-town governance structure, with the village collectives as the main operating body, allowing collective construction land to enter the market to ensure the sharing of community profits. Both governance structures promote the bidirectional flow of urban-rural land resource elements; the former significantly drives urban development, while the latter ensures better benefit sharing for village collectives. The research proposes that optimizing governance structures and improving land quota allocation mechanisms can further stimulate various entities’ participation in land consolidation and land value activation.
{"title":"The Impact of Governance Structures on the Distribution of Land Consolidation Benefits in Urban Areas: Case Studies in Ningbo, China","authors":"Wenzheng Lu, Yu Lv, Xiaoping Zhou, Yuzhe Wu, Xiaokun Gu","doi":"10.3390/land13010046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010046","url":null,"abstract":"Against the backdrop of an urban-rural dual structure, governance structure significantly influences the fairness and sharing of land value increment profits from land consolidation in various regions. This paper develops a spatial-institutional analytical framework, reflects on the traditional government-led land quota planning management mechanism and advocates optimizing governance structures in land consolidation to facilitate urban-rural element flows and the sharing of land value increment profits. This paper selects two comprehensive land consolidation cases in the Fenghua District and Cixi City of Ningbo, representing government-led and village collective self-organized governance structures. The research shows that the Fenghua case adopts a government-led state-owned enterprise coordinated governance structure, which state-owned enterprises bear operational risks and the majority of profit sharing, while village collectives, as landowners, are insufficiently protected in benefit sharing. The Cixi case employs a government-embedded village-town governance structure, with the village collectives as the main operating body, allowing collective construction land to enter the market to ensure the sharing of community profits. Both governance structures promote the bidirectional flow of urban-rural land resource elements; the former significantly drives urban development, while the latter ensures better benefit sharing for village collectives. The research proposes that optimizing governance structures and improving land quota allocation mechanisms can further stimulate various entities’ participation in land consolidation and land value activation.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"123 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Alamanos, George Papaioannou, G. Varlas, Vassiliki Markogianni, Anastasios Papadopoulos, E. Dimitriou
Wildfires are an escalating global threat, jeopardizing ecosystems and human activities. Among the repercussions in the ecosystem services of burnt areas, there are altered hydrological processes, which increase the risks of flash floods. There is limited research addressing this issue in a comprehensive way, considering pre- and post-fire conditions to accurately represent flood events. To address this gap, we present a novel approach combining multiple methods and tools for an accurate representation of post-fire floods. The 2019 post-fire flood in Kineta, Central Greece is used as a study example to present our framework. We simulated the meteorological conditions that caused this flood using the atmospheric model WRF-ARW. The burn extent and severity and the flood extent were assessed through remote sensing techniques. The 2D HEC-RAS hydraulic–hydrodynamic model was then applied to represent the flood event, using the rain-on-grid technique. The findings underscore the influence of wildfires on flooding dynamics, highlighting the need for proactive measures to address the increasing risks. The integrated multidisciplinary approach used offers an improved understanding on post-fire flood responses, and also establishes a robust framework, transferable to other similar cases, contributing thus to enhanced flood protection actions in the face of escalating fire-related disasters.
{"title":"Representation of a Post-Fire Flash-Flood Event Combining Meteorological Simulations, Remote Sensing, and Hydraulic Modeling","authors":"A. Alamanos, George Papaioannou, G. Varlas, Vassiliki Markogianni, Anastasios Papadopoulos, E. Dimitriou","doi":"10.3390/land13010047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010047","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires are an escalating global threat, jeopardizing ecosystems and human activities. Among the repercussions in the ecosystem services of burnt areas, there are altered hydrological processes, which increase the risks of flash floods. There is limited research addressing this issue in a comprehensive way, considering pre- and post-fire conditions to accurately represent flood events. To address this gap, we present a novel approach combining multiple methods and tools for an accurate representation of post-fire floods. The 2019 post-fire flood in Kineta, Central Greece is used as a study example to present our framework. We simulated the meteorological conditions that caused this flood using the atmospheric model WRF-ARW. The burn extent and severity and the flood extent were assessed through remote sensing techniques. The 2D HEC-RAS hydraulic–hydrodynamic model was then applied to represent the flood event, using the rain-on-grid technique. The findings underscore the influence of wildfires on flooding dynamics, highlighting the need for proactive measures to address the increasing risks. The integrated multidisciplinary approach used offers an improved understanding on post-fire flood responses, and also establishes a robust framework, transferable to other similar cases, contributing thus to enhanced flood protection actions in the face of escalating fire-related disasters.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fiscal and land policies are important tools in developing agriculture in China. Understanding how agricultural subsidies and land fragmentation jointly affect agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is crucial for building a strong agricultural nation. This paper utilizes microdata from fixed observation points in rural China from 2003 to 2017 and employs panel bidirectional fixed-effect models and moderation-effect models to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural subsidies and land fragmentation on agricultural TFP. The research finds: (1) Agricultural subsidies positively affect agricultural TFP, while land fragmentation leads to decreased agricultural TFP. (2) Land fragmentation hinders the positive effects of agricultural subsidies on agricultural TFP. A 1% increase in land fragmentation could lead to approximately a 3% decrease in the enhancement effect of agricultural subsidies, with significant impacts on households in major grain-producing areas and those primarily engaged in agriculture. (3) There is no evidence that reforms in the “three agricultural subsidies” would alter the combined effect of agricultural subsidies and land fragmentation on agricultural TFP. The obstructive role of land fragmentation cannot be mitigated through the “three agricultural subsidies” reform. The study indicates that the incentivizing role of agricultural subsidies has not been fully realized, and land fragmentation remains a key bottleneck in agricultural development. Fiscal support for agriculture should be coupled with effective land reform policies for synergistic efforts.
{"title":"Does Land Fragmentation Affect the Effectiveness of Fiscal Subsidies for Agriculture: Evidence from China","authors":"Wei Zou, Zhenlin Zhang, Fei Yang","doi":"10.3390/land13010043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010043","url":null,"abstract":"Fiscal and land policies are important tools in developing agriculture in China. Understanding how agricultural subsidies and land fragmentation jointly affect agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is crucial for building a strong agricultural nation. This paper utilizes microdata from fixed observation points in rural China from 2003 to 2017 and employs panel bidirectional fixed-effect models and moderation-effect models to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural subsidies and land fragmentation on agricultural TFP. The research finds: (1) Agricultural subsidies positively affect agricultural TFP, while land fragmentation leads to decreased agricultural TFP. (2) Land fragmentation hinders the positive effects of agricultural subsidies on agricultural TFP. A 1% increase in land fragmentation could lead to approximately a 3% decrease in the enhancement effect of agricultural subsidies, with significant impacts on households in major grain-producing areas and those primarily engaged in agriculture. (3) There is no evidence that reforms in the “three agricultural subsidies” would alter the combined effect of agricultural subsidies and land fragmentation on agricultural TFP. The obstructive role of land fragmentation cannot be mitigated through the “three agricultural subsidies” reform. The study indicates that the incentivizing role of agricultural subsidies has not been fully realized, and land fragmentation remains a key bottleneck in agricultural development. Fiscal support for agriculture should be coupled with effective land reform policies for synergistic efforts.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban park green areas are part of territorial space planning, shouldering the mission of providing residents with high-quality ecological products and public space. Using a combination of several measurement models such as the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis), MLR (Machine Learning Regression), GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression), and GeoDetector, this paper presents an empirical study on the changes in Urban Park Green Areas (UPGAs) in the Grand Canal of China. By quantitatively measuring the spatio–temporal evolution patterns of UPGAs, this study reveals the driving mechanisms behind them and proposes policy recommendations for planning and management based on performance evaluation. The spatio–temporal evolution of UPGAs and their performance in China’s Grand Canal are characterized by significant spatial heterogeneity and correlation, with diversified development patterns such as HH (High-scale–High-growth), HL (High-scale–Low-growth), LH (Low-scale–High-growth), and LL (Low-scale–Low-growth) emerging. The evolution performance is dominated by positive oversupply and positive equilibrium, where undersupply coexists with oversupply. Therefore, this paper recommends the implementation of a zoning strategy in the future spatial planning of ecological green areas, urban parks, and green infrastructure. It is also recommended to design differentiated construction strategies and management policies for each zoning area, while promoting inter-city mutual cooperation in the joint preparation and implementation of integrated symbiosis planning. Furthermore, the spatio–temporal evolution of the UPGAs in the Grand Canal of China is influenced by many factors with very complex dynamic mechanisms, and there are significant differences in the nature, intensity, spatial effects, and interaction effects between different factors. Therefore, in the future management of ecological green areas, urban parks, and green infrastructure, it is necessary to interconnect policies to enhance their synergies in population, aging, industry and economy, and ecological civilization to maximize the policy performance.
{"title":"Evolution Model, Mechanism, and Performance of Urban Park Green Areas in the Grand Canal of China","authors":"Zihan Cai, Sidong Zhao, Mengshi Huang, Congguo Zhang","doi":"10.3390/land13010042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010042","url":null,"abstract":"Urban park green areas are part of territorial space planning, shouldering the mission of providing residents with high-quality ecological products and public space. Using a combination of several measurement models such as the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis), MLR (Machine Learning Regression), GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression), and GeoDetector, this paper presents an empirical study on the changes in Urban Park Green Areas (UPGAs) in the Grand Canal of China. By quantitatively measuring the spatio–temporal evolution patterns of UPGAs, this study reveals the driving mechanisms behind them and proposes policy recommendations for planning and management based on performance evaluation. The spatio–temporal evolution of UPGAs and their performance in China’s Grand Canal are characterized by significant spatial heterogeneity and correlation, with diversified development patterns such as HH (High-scale–High-growth), HL (High-scale–Low-growth), LH (Low-scale–High-growth), and LL (Low-scale–Low-growth) emerging. The evolution performance is dominated by positive oversupply and positive equilibrium, where undersupply coexists with oversupply. Therefore, this paper recommends the implementation of a zoning strategy in the future spatial planning of ecological green areas, urban parks, and green infrastructure. It is also recommended to design differentiated construction strategies and management policies for each zoning area, while promoting inter-city mutual cooperation in the joint preparation and implementation of integrated symbiosis planning. Furthermore, the spatio–temporal evolution of the UPGAs in the Grand Canal of China is influenced by many factors with very complex dynamic mechanisms, and there are significant differences in the nature, intensity, spatial effects, and interaction effects between different factors. Therefore, in the future management of ecological green areas, urban parks, and green infrastructure, it is necessary to interconnect policies to enhance their synergies in population, aging, industry and economy, and ecological civilization to maximize the policy performance.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Krnáčová, Pavol Kenderessy, Zuzana Baránková, Mária Barančoková, Martin Labuda
Agroecosystems represent one of the largest managed systems in the world and are also considered to be the largest surface polluters. This is particularly evident in highly vulnerable areas such as the model area assessed in our study, the Protected Water Management Area Žitný Ostrov, which contains the most productive soils in the Slovak Republic. At the same time, the Žitný Ostrov represents the largest groundwater reserves in Central Europe. We based this study on the information system of valued soil ecological units (VSEUs) and their spatial extension to the agricultural soils of Slovakia. We used the synthetic–parametric method for a summary (aggregated) evaluation of the production potential of provisioning soil services, which we have classified into 10 categories (1—very low potential; 10—very high potential). Overall, there were 3000 individual VSEUs identified in the area of interest. By eliminating repetitive VSEUs, we evaluated 72 subtypes and, based on similarity parameters, they were further aggregated into 40 soil subtypes. The result is a spatial representation of the proposed zones within the model area (zones for sustainable economic use of soils with the support for ecologization of agricultural technologies, non-productive land use, cultural and social development of rural areas, and the protection and revitalization of the landscape and its components). The approach is also suitable for use in other areas.
农业生态系统是世界上最大的管理系统之一，同时也被认为是最大的地表污染源。这一点在高度脆弱的地区尤为明显，例如我们研究中评估的示范区--Žitný Ostrov 水源保护管理区，该地区拥有斯洛伐克共和国最肥沃的土壤。同时，Žitný Ostrov 也是中欧最大的地下水储备区。我们的研究基于有价值的土壤生态单位（VSEUs）信息系统及其对斯洛伐克农业土壤的空间扩展。我们使用合成参数法对提供土壤服务的生产潜力进行了汇总（综合）评估，并将其分为 10 个类别（1-潜力极低；10-潜力极高）。总体而言，相关区域共识别出 3000 个 VSEU。通过剔除重复的 VSEU，我们评估了 72 个亚型，并根据相似性参数将其进一步汇总为 40 个土壤亚型。结果是模型区域内建议区域的空间表示（支持农业技术生态化、非生产性土地利用、农村地区的文化和社会发展以及景观及其组成部分的保护和振兴的土壤可持续经济利用区域）。这种方法也适用于其他地区。
{"title":"Multifunctional Use of Agricultural Land with Support for Selected Ecosystem Services in the Territory Protected Water Management Area Žitný Ostrov","authors":"Z. Krnáčová, Pavol Kenderessy, Zuzana Baránková, Mária Barančoková, Martin Labuda","doi":"10.3390/land13010044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010044","url":null,"abstract":"Agroecosystems represent one of the largest managed systems in the world and are also considered to be the largest surface polluters. This is particularly evident in highly vulnerable areas such as the model area assessed in our study, the Protected Water Management Area Žitný Ostrov, which contains the most productive soils in the Slovak Republic. At the same time, the Žitný Ostrov represents the largest groundwater reserves in Central Europe. We based this study on the information system of valued soil ecological units (VSEUs) and their spatial extension to the agricultural soils of Slovakia. We used the synthetic–parametric method for a summary (aggregated) evaluation of the production potential of provisioning soil services, which we have classified into 10 categories (1—very low potential; 10—very high potential). Overall, there were 3000 individual VSEUs identified in the area of interest. By eliminating repetitive VSEUs, we evaluated 72 subtypes and, based on similarity parameters, they were further aggregated into 40 soil subtypes. The result is a spatial representation of the proposed zones within the model area (zones for sustainable economic use of soils with the support for ecologization of agricultural technologies, non-productive land use, cultural and social development of rural areas, and the protection and revitalization of the landscape and its components). The approach is also suitable for use in other areas.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abandoned cropland is a great waste of land resources, which not only affects the stability of food production, but also wastes limited cropland resources. China has large areas of abandoned cropland, and accurately extracting the large-scale abandoned cropland is a prerequisite for the government to implement reclamation policies and estimate the food production potential of abandoned cropland. China has implemented the Grain for Green Project (GGP) since 1980, but most research has not considered its impact on the extraction of abandoned cropland. Therefore, a method was proposed to identify abandoned cropland excluding the regions of GGP, and to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics and potential of abandoned cropland in China from 1991 to 2018. GGP potential and food production potential of abandoned cropland were discussed. The results showed that 26.47 million hectares of cropland has been abandoned in the past 28 years (including cropland that has been reclaimed). Under the positive influence of the government’s food security policy, the abandoned cropland has decreased in recent years, but the total area is still high. The abandonment mainly occurred in the Jiangnan Hills, the Hilly Regions of Fujian and Guangdong Province, the North China Mountains, and Eastern Inner Mongolia. The higher the elevation and the steeper the slope, the higher the abandonment rate. In addition, the urban-rural income gap significantly affected the abandonment rate. This study drew the spatial and temporal distribution map of abandoned cropland in China with a spatial resolution of 30 m considering GGP. It provides an important basis for formulating reclamation and GGP policy.
{"title":"Is Abandoned Cropland Continuously Growing in China? Quantitative Evidence and Enlightenment from Landsat-Derived Annual China Land Cover Dataset","authors":"Haoran Wang, Zecheng Guo, Yaowen Xie, Xueyuan Zhang, Gui Xi, Hongxin Huang","doi":"10.3390/land13010045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010045","url":null,"abstract":"Abandoned cropland is a great waste of land resources, which not only affects the stability of food production, but also wastes limited cropland resources. China has large areas of abandoned cropland, and accurately extracting the large-scale abandoned cropland is a prerequisite for the government to implement reclamation policies and estimate the food production potential of abandoned cropland. China has implemented the Grain for Green Project (GGP) since 1980, but most research has not considered its impact on the extraction of abandoned cropland. Therefore, a method was proposed to identify abandoned cropland excluding the regions of GGP, and to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics and potential of abandoned cropland in China from 1991 to 2018. GGP potential and food production potential of abandoned cropland were discussed. The results showed that 26.47 million hectares of cropland has been abandoned in the past 28 years (including cropland that has been reclaimed). Under the positive influence of the government’s food security policy, the abandoned cropland has decreased in recent years, but the total area is still high. The abandonment mainly occurred in the Jiangnan Hills, the Hilly Regions of Fujian and Guangdong Province, the North China Mountains, and Eastern Inner Mongolia. The higher the elevation and the steeper the slope, the higher the abandonment rate. In addition, the urban-rural income gap significantly affected the abandonment rate. This study drew the spatial and temporal distribution map of abandoned cropland in China with a spatial resolution of 30 m considering GGP. It provides an important basis for formulating reclamation and GGP policy.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The persistent decline in infrastructure spending, notably within the transportation sector, raises concerns about governments’ capacity to meet the demands of a sustainable growing economy. The incorporation of risk assessment in the analysis and computation of potential cost overruns emerges as an effective and efficient tool, underpinning the economic and financial sustainability of infrastructure expansions. Focusing on the “State Road No. 51 of Alemagna Vittorio Veneto” (SSv-51) variant, this study analyzes and proposes a model to forecast the possible cost overruns of an infrastructure project. The application of the risk assessment tool proposed by the National Anti-Corruption Authority (ANAC) offers valuable insights into potential risks associated with project costs and their valuation. The matrix developed in the current study draws from the ANAC Matrix, which comprises four categories of risk divided into 21 risk types. The selection is based on the project’s characteristics, and a matrix is compiled that forecasts the combination of the probability of risk occurrence and the cost impacts on the project. The proposed risk matrix serves as a practical tool for managing uncertainties and estimating potential cost overruns, estimating ex ante a possible cost increase of 7.53%. This projected increase differs only by 1.34% from the final execution costs, mitigating the unforeseen cost overruns not estimated by the initial project. The proposed risk assessment tool emphasizes the importance of integrating risk management into project planning and execution. The research investigated an applied case utilizing an easily adaptable tool, suitable for potential future implementation, further advancement, and broader testing across various project samples in the future. The study provides a framework to assess and mitigate risks linked to cost overruns. As nations navigate infrastructure development complexities, proactive risk management practices are indispensable for efficient resource management, ensuring the economic and financial sustainability of these complex projects.
{"title":"Risk Assessment in Sustainable Infrastructure Development Projects: A Tool for Mitigating Cost Overruns","authors":"Rubina Canesi, Beatrice Gallo","doi":"10.3390/land13010041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010041","url":null,"abstract":"The persistent decline in infrastructure spending, notably within the transportation sector, raises concerns about governments’ capacity to meet the demands of a sustainable growing economy. The incorporation of risk assessment in the analysis and computation of potential cost overruns emerges as an effective and efficient tool, underpinning the economic and financial sustainability of infrastructure expansions. Focusing on the “State Road No. 51 of Alemagna Vittorio Veneto” (SSv-51) variant, this study analyzes and proposes a model to forecast the possible cost overruns of an infrastructure project. The application of the risk assessment tool proposed by the National Anti-Corruption Authority (ANAC) offers valuable insights into potential risks associated with project costs and their valuation. The matrix developed in the current study draws from the ANAC Matrix, which comprises four categories of risk divided into 21 risk types. The selection is based on the project’s characteristics, and a matrix is compiled that forecasts the combination of the probability of risk occurrence and the cost impacts on the project. The proposed risk matrix serves as a practical tool for managing uncertainties and estimating potential cost overruns, estimating ex ante a possible cost increase of 7.53%. This projected increase differs only by 1.34% from the final execution costs, mitigating the unforeseen cost overruns not estimated by the initial project. The proposed risk assessment tool emphasizes the importance of integrating risk management into project planning and execution. The research investigated an applied case utilizing an easily adaptable tool, suitable for potential future implementation, further advancement, and broader testing across various project samples in the future. The study provides a framework to assess and mitigate risks linked to cost overruns. As nations navigate infrastructure development complexities, proactive risk management practices are indispensable for efficient resource management, ensuring the economic and financial sustainability of these complex projects.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the construction of photovoltaic power plants continues to expand, investors have placed great importance on the suitability assessment of site selection. In this study, we have developed a multi-level evaluation system and proposed an AHP–XGBoost–GIS comprehensive evaluation model for assessing site suitability in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. The findings revealed that approximately 48,800 km2 (21.59% of the total area) constituted a suitable area in this region, surpassing previous research results. Generally suitable areas accounted for the largest proportion at 35.89%. Suitable areas in Beijing and Tianjin were relatively limited, with most of them concentrated in Baoding City, Zhangjiakou City, and Chengde City on the northwest side of the “Yanshan-Taihang Mountains”, where there are ample wastelands with gentle slopes conducive to constructing photovoltaic power plants southeast of the “Yanshan-Taihang Mountains”, and solar radiation conditions were better. However, ecological and economic factors restricted suitable areas resulting in smaller coverage including cities such as Handan, Xingtai, Qinhuangdao, and Tangshan, among others. This study successfully overcame limitations associated with traditional subjective evaluation methods by providing decision support for regional energy allocation planning and spatial planning efforts, as well as environmental protection endeavors.
{"title":"Evaluation of Site Suitability for Photovoltaic Power Plants in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region of China Using a Combined Weighting Method","authors":"Lijiang Liang, Zhen Chen, Shijin Chen, Xinqi Zheng","doi":"10.3390/land13010040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010040","url":null,"abstract":"As the construction of photovoltaic power plants continues to expand, investors have placed great importance on the suitability assessment of site selection. In this study, we have developed a multi-level evaluation system and proposed an AHP–XGBoost–GIS comprehensive evaluation model for assessing site suitability in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. The findings revealed that approximately 48,800 km2 (21.59% of the total area) constituted a suitable area in this region, surpassing previous research results. Generally suitable areas accounted for the largest proportion at 35.89%. Suitable areas in Beijing and Tianjin were relatively limited, with most of them concentrated in Baoding City, Zhangjiakou City, and Chengde City on the northwest side of the “Yanshan-Taihang Mountains”, where there are ample wastelands with gentle slopes conducive to constructing photovoltaic power plants southeast of the “Yanshan-Taihang Mountains”, and solar radiation conditions were better. However, ecological and economic factors restricted suitable areas resulting in smaller coverage including cities such as Handan, Xingtai, Qinhuangdao, and Tangshan, among others. This study successfully overcame limitations associated with traditional subjective evaluation methods by providing decision support for regional energy allocation planning and spatial planning efforts, as well as environmental protection endeavors.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"28 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the aim of contributing to the understanding of plants’ multifunctionality for sustainable agroecosystem management, the first part of this paper addresses the importance of functional biodiversity in the design of agroecological systems, including the local context in the generation of situated knowledge. The second part describes three participatory research experiences with local farmers across three locations in Chile. The first experience reports on the use of Dasyphyllum diacanthoides (endemic tree) as fodder. A second experience focuses on the establishment of Rosa spp. (invasive species) as an agroforestry system integrated into the landscape. Both experiences were collaborative efforts with farmer communities of the Andean Mountains in southern Chile. The final experience describes the use of different spontaneous aromatic and medicinal plants through biological corridors to encourage beneficial insects as natural controllers. All three research experiences reveal a lack of knowledge, decontextualization, and undervaluation of the biocultural diversity present in some traditional Chilean agroecosystems.
{"title":"Multifunctional Plants: Ecosystem Services and Undervalued Knowledge of Biocultural Diversity in Rural Communities—Local Initiatives for Agroecological Transition in Chile","authors":"S. Peredo Parada, C. Barrera Salas","doi":"10.3390/land13010039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land13010039","url":null,"abstract":"With the aim of contributing to the understanding of plants’ multifunctionality for sustainable agroecosystem management, the first part of this paper addresses the importance of functional biodiversity in the design of agroecological systems, including the local context in the generation of situated knowledge. The second part describes three participatory research experiences with local farmers across three locations in Chile. The first experience reports on the use of Dasyphyllum diacanthoides (endemic tree) as fodder. A second experience focuses on the establishment of Rosa spp. (invasive species) as an agroforestry system integrated into the landscape. Both experiences were collaborative efforts with farmer communities of the Andean Mountains in southern Chile. The final experience describes the use of different spontaneous aromatic and medicinal plants through biological corridors to encourage beneficial insects as natural controllers. All three research experiences reveal a lack of knowledge, decontextualization, and undervaluation of the biocultural diversity present in some traditional Chilean agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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