It is widely recognized that urban resilience is one of the core goals of urban development. As an important part of a city, the resilience level of urban human settlements directly affects the development trend of urban resilience. However, at present, research results on the resilience of urban human settlements are very rare, are mainly concentrated in the central region of China, and rarely take into account the economically backward northeastern region. Therefore, in order to better improve the anti-risk ability of the urban human settlement environment system in three provinces of Northeast China, fully implement the strategic goal of “Comprehensive Revitalization of Northeast China”, and achieve high-quality urban development, this paper focuses on 34 prefecture-level cities in three provinces of Northeast China and proposes an urban human settlement resilience evaluation system with 36 indicators in five dimensions, namely, the natural system, human system, housing system, supporting system, and social system. Using the entropy weight method, the Dagum Gini coefficient, and a geographical probe model, the changes in the resilience level of each city from 2005 to 2020 were measured, and the urban living environment was assessed in terms of the adaptability and resilience of the development level in each subsystem based on the temporal and spatial evolution law and its influencing factors. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) The development level of urban human settlement resilience in the three provinces in Northeast China showed an N-shaped development trend from 2005 to 2020, but the regional differences were significant, and the overall spatial pattern was “high in the south and low in the north”. (2) In terms of the overall difference, the overall difference in urban human settlement resilience in the three northeastern provinces of China was small: the inter-regional difference was the main source of the difference, and the intra-regional difference was the secondary source. The regional differences were in the order of Heilongjiang Province > Liaoning Province > Jilin Province, indicating that Jilin Province had the smallest difference and that the resilience level of urban human settlements does not show a balanced development trend. In terms of the average Gini coefficient between regions, the order of difference was Liaoning Province–Heilongjiang Province > Jilin Province–Liaoning Province > Jilin Province–Heilongjiang Province, indicating that the difference between Liaoning Province and Heilongjiang Province was the most significant. (3) The “natural system”, “human system”, “living system”, “supporting system”, and “social system” had significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity and significantly affected the resilience level of urban human settlements in the three provinces in Northeast China. Among them, the “social system” has always been the main factor affecting the resilience level of urban human settlements.
{"title":"The Spatial and Temporal Evolution Pattern and Influencing Factors of Urban Human Settlement Resilience in Three Provinces of Northeast China","authors":"Jianjun Liu, Xueming Li, He Liu, Yishan Song","doi":"10.3390/land12122161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122161","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely recognized that urban resilience is one of the core goals of urban development. As an important part of a city, the resilience level of urban human settlements directly affects the development trend of urban resilience. However, at present, research results on the resilience of urban human settlements are very rare, are mainly concentrated in the central region of China, and rarely take into account the economically backward northeastern region. Therefore, in order to better improve the anti-risk ability of the urban human settlement environment system in three provinces of Northeast China, fully implement the strategic goal of “Comprehensive Revitalization of Northeast China”, and achieve high-quality urban development, this paper focuses on 34 prefecture-level cities in three provinces of Northeast China and proposes an urban human settlement resilience evaluation system with 36 indicators in five dimensions, namely, the natural system, human system, housing system, supporting system, and social system. Using the entropy weight method, the Dagum Gini coefficient, and a geographical probe model, the changes in the resilience level of each city from 2005 to 2020 were measured, and the urban living environment was assessed in terms of the adaptability and resilience of the development level in each subsystem based on the temporal and spatial evolution law and its influencing factors. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) The development level of urban human settlement resilience in the three provinces in Northeast China showed an N-shaped development trend from 2005 to 2020, but the regional differences were significant, and the overall spatial pattern was “high in the south and low in the north”. (2) In terms of the overall difference, the overall difference in urban human settlement resilience in the three northeastern provinces of China was small: the inter-regional difference was the main source of the difference, and the intra-regional difference was the secondary source. The regional differences were in the order of Heilongjiang Province > Liaoning Province > Jilin Province, indicating that Jilin Province had the smallest difference and that the resilience level of urban human settlements does not show a balanced development trend. In terms of the average Gini coefficient between regions, the order of difference was Liaoning Province–Heilongjiang Province > Jilin Province–Liaoning Province > Jilin Province–Heilongjiang Province, indicating that the difference between Liaoning Province and Heilongjiang Province was the most significant. (3) The “natural system”, “human system”, “living system”, “supporting system”, and “social system” had significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity and significantly affected the resilience level of urban human settlements in the three provinces in Northeast China. Among them, the “social system” has always been the main factor affecting the resilience level of urban human settlements.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"9 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yilun Zhao, Yan Rong, Yiyi Liu, Tianshu Lin, Liangji Kong, Qinqin Dai, Runzi Wang
Adverse environmental impacts in the watershed are driven by urbanization, which is reflected by land use and land cover (LULC) transitions, such as increased impervious surfaces, industrial land expansion, and green space reduction. Some adverse impacts on the water environment include urban flooding and water quality degradation. Our study area, the Rouge River Watershed, has been susceptible to accelerated urbanization and degradation of ecosystems. Employing the Land Change Modeler (LCM), we designed four alternative urban development scenarios for 2023. Subsequently, leveraging the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST), we utilized two models—Nutrient Delivery Ratio (NDR) and Flood Risk Mitigation (UFRM)—to evaluate and compare the performance of these scenarios, as well as the situation in 2019, in terms of nutrient export and urban flooding. After simulating these scenarios, we determined that prioritizing the medium- and high-intensity development scenario to protect open space outperforms other scenarios in nutrient export. However, the four scenarios could not exhibit significant differences in urban flooding mitigation. Thus, we propose balanced and integrative strategies, such as planning green infrastructure and compact development, to foster ecological and economic growth, and enhance the Rouge River Watershed’s resilience against natural disasters for a sustainable future.
{"title":"Investigating Urban Flooding and Nutrient Export under Different Urban Development Scenarios in the Rouge River Watershed in Michigan, USA","authors":"Yilun Zhao, Yan Rong, Yiyi Liu, Tianshu Lin, Liangji Kong, Qinqin Dai, Runzi Wang","doi":"10.3390/land12122163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122163","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse environmental impacts in the watershed are driven by urbanization, which is reflected by land use and land cover (LULC) transitions, such as increased impervious surfaces, industrial land expansion, and green space reduction. Some adverse impacts on the water environment include urban flooding and water quality degradation. Our study area, the Rouge River Watershed, has been susceptible to accelerated urbanization and degradation of ecosystems. Employing the Land Change Modeler (LCM), we designed four alternative urban development scenarios for 2023. Subsequently, leveraging the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST), we utilized two models—Nutrient Delivery Ratio (NDR) and Flood Risk Mitigation (UFRM)—to evaluate and compare the performance of these scenarios, as well as the situation in 2019, in terms of nutrient export and urban flooding. After simulating these scenarios, we determined that prioritizing the medium- and high-intensity development scenario to protect open space outperforms other scenarios in nutrient export. However, the four scenarios could not exhibit significant differences in urban flooding mitigation. Thus, we propose balanced and integrative strategies, such as planning green infrastructure and compact development, to foster ecological and economic growth, and enhance the Rouge River Watershed’s resilience against natural disasters for a sustainable future.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"111 4‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138976862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiang Li, Zhaoshun Liu, Shu-jie Li, Yingxue Li, Weiyu Wang
With regard to the aims of achieving the “Dual Carbon” goal and addressing the significant greenhouse gas emissions caused by urban expansion, there has been a growing emphasis on spatial research and the prediction of urban carbon emissions. This article examines land use data from 2000 to 2020 and combines Grid and the PLUS model to predict carbon emissions in 2030 through a multi-scenario simulation. The research findings indicate the following: (1) Between 2000 and 2020, construction land increased by 95.83%, with carbon emissions also increasing. (2) By 2030, for the NDS (natural development scenario), carbon emissions are expected to peak at 6012.87 × 104 t. Regarding the ratio obtained through the EDS (economic development scenario), construction land is projected to grow to 3990.72 km2, with expected emissions of 6863.29 × 104 t. For the LCS (low-carbon scenario), the “carbon peak” is expected to be reached before 2030. (3) The intensity of carbon emissions decreases as the city size increases. (4) The shift of the center of carbon emission intensity and the center of construction land all indicate movement towards the southeast. Studying the trends of regional land use change and the patterns of land use carbon emissions is beneficial for optimizing the land use structure, thereby enabling us to achieve low-carbon emission reductions and sustainable urban development.
{"title":"Urban Land Carbon Emission and Carbon Emission Intensity Prediction Based on Patch-Generating Land Use Simulation Model and Grid with Multiple Scenarios in Tianjin","authors":"Xiang Li, Zhaoshun Liu, Shu-jie Li, Yingxue Li, Weiyu Wang","doi":"10.3390/land12122160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122160","url":null,"abstract":"With regard to the aims of achieving the “Dual Carbon” goal and addressing the significant greenhouse gas emissions caused by urban expansion, there has been a growing emphasis on spatial research and the prediction of urban carbon emissions. This article examines land use data from 2000 to 2020 and combines Grid and the PLUS model to predict carbon emissions in 2030 through a multi-scenario simulation. The research findings indicate the following: (1) Between 2000 and 2020, construction land increased by 95.83%, with carbon emissions also increasing. (2) By 2030, for the NDS (natural development scenario), carbon emissions are expected to peak at 6012.87 × 104 t. Regarding the ratio obtained through the EDS (economic development scenario), construction land is projected to grow to 3990.72 km2, with expected emissions of 6863.29 × 104 t. For the LCS (low-carbon scenario), the “carbon peak” is expected to be reached before 2030. (3) The intensity of carbon emissions decreases as the city size increases. (4) The shift of the center of carbon emission intensity and the center of construction land all indicate movement towards the southeast. Studying the trends of regional land use change and the patterns of land use carbon emissions is beneficial for optimizing the land use structure, thereby enabling us to achieve low-carbon emission reductions and sustainable urban development.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Liu, Sijun Zheng, Lang Zhang, Jialin Liu, Tingting Fu, Ruijun Hao, Ming Yin
In the post-pandemic era, the need for accessible urban green open spaces has increased. There is an urgent need to accurately identify large-scale unit-affiliated green spaces and focus on the potential for open sharing. Therefore, using POI data from the Gaode map of Shanghai obtained via web crawler, combined with remote sensing image data and the current green space data, the subjects of unit-affiliated green spaces in the main urban area and five new towns of Shanghai were identified in 2021. On this basis, in-depth explorations were carried out in terms of the type and number of subjects, the overall layout, and the grading of potential open sharing. A new application path for identifying subjects of unit-affiliated green spaces based on the POI data was established. The analysis of the potential openness of the subjects strongly supports the open sharing of unit-affiliated green spaces; the open sharing of unit-affiliated green spaces can compensate for the deficiencies in the fairness and efficiency of urban green spaces.
在后大流行病时代，人们对无障碍城市绿色开放空间的需求与日俱增。准确识别大型单位所属绿地，关注开放共享潜力，已成为当务之急。为此，利用网络爬虫获取的上海高德地图 POI 数据，结合遥感影像数据和绿地现状数据，确定了 2021 年上海主城区和五个新城的单位附属绿地主体。在此基础上，从主体类型和数量、总体布局、开放共享潜力分级等方面进行了深入探索。建立了基于 POI 数据的单位附属绿地主体识别应用新路径。通过对潜在开放主体的分析，有力地支持了单位附属绿地的开放共享；单位附属绿地的开放共享可以弥补城市绿地在公平和效率方面的不足。
{"title":"Identification and Analysis of Potential Open-Sharing Subjects of Unit-Affiliated Green Spaces in Shanghai Based on POI Data","authors":"Bo Liu, Sijun Zheng, Lang Zhang, Jialin Liu, Tingting Fu, Ruijun Hao, Ming Yin","doi":"10.3390/land12122162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122162","url":null,"abstract":"In the post-pandemic era, the need for accessible urban green open spaces has increased. There is an urgent need to accurately identify large-scale unit-affiliated green spaces and focus on the potential for open sharing. Therefore, using POI data from the Gaode map of Shanghai obtained via web crawler, combined with remote sensing image data and the current green space data, the subjects of unit-affiliated green spaces in the main urban area and five new towns of Shanghai were identified in 2021. On this basis, in-depth explorations were carried out in terms of the type and number of subjects, the overall layout, and the grading of potential open sharing. A new application path for identifying subjects of unit-affiliated green spaces based on the POI data was established. The analysis of the potential openness of the subjects strongly supports the open sharing of unit-affiliated green spaces; the open sharing of unit-affiliated green spaces can compensate for the deficiencies in the fairness and efficiency of urban green spaces.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138976436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Meļņiks, A. Bārdule, A. Butlers, Jordane Champion, S. Kaleja, I. Skranda, G. Petaja, A. Lazdiņš
Peat erosion has a significant impact on soil fertility, agricultural productivity, and climate change dynamics. Through this process, the topsoil rich in organic matter and carbon (C) is removed and can travel long distances, causing a net C loss. Additionally, peat undergoes oxidation, resulting in further C loss. In our study, we evaluated C losses from 11 peat extraction fields in two study sites, abandoned for more than 15 years and overgrown by vegetation of different densities. We used high-resolution airborne laser scanning point clouds and multispectral aerial images acquired periodically within a 9-year period, as well as chemical analyses of the topsoil layer. In our study, we found a strong correlation between peat subsidence, C loss, and the vegetation density (NDVI value). NDVI also determines most of the uncertainty in elevation data. We found also that both erosion and peat subsidence are significant sources of C losses from peat extraction sites. At a site monitored for over 9 years, our estimated ground elevation changes ranged from 0.1 cm y−1 to 0.58 cm y−1; however, at a different site monitored over a 4-year period, the values ranged from 2.14 cm y−1 to 5.72 cm y−1. Accordingly, the mean annual C losses varied from 0.06 to 0.22 kg C m−2 y−1 and from 1.21 to 3.57 kg C m−2 y−1.
{"title":"Carbon Losses from Topsoil in Abandoned Peat Extraction Sites Due to Ground Subsidence and Erosion","authors":"R. Meļņiks, A. Bārdule, A. Butlers, Jordane Champion, S. Kaleja, I. Skranda, G. Petaja, A. Lazdiņš","doi":"10.3390/land12122153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122153","url":null,"abstract":"Peat erosion has a significant impact on soil fertility, agricultural productivity, and climate change dynamics. Through this process, the topsoil rich in organic matter and carbon (C) is removed and can travel long distances, causing a net C loss. Additionally, peat undergoes oxidation, resulting in further C loss. In our study, we evaluated C losses from 11 peat extraction fields in two study sites, abandoned for more than 15 years and overgrown by vegetation of different densities. We used high-resolution airborne laser scanning point clouds and multispectral aerial images acquired periodically within a 9-year period, as well as chemical analyses of the topsoil layer. In our study, we found a strong correlation between peat subsidence, C loss, and the vegetation density (NDVI value). NDVI also determines most of the uncertainty in elevation data. We found also that both erosion and peat subsidence are significant sources of C losses from peat extraction sites. At a site monitored for over 9 years, our estimated ground elevation changes ranged from 0.1 cm y−1 to 0.58 cm y−1; however, at a different site monitored over a 4-year period, the values ranged from 2.14 cm y−1 to 5.72 cm y−1. Accordingly, the mean annual C losses varied from 0.06 to 0.22 kg C m−2 y−1 and from 1.21 to 3.57 kg C m−2 y−1.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alem Oyarmoi, Stephen Birkinshaw, C. Hewett, Hayley J. Fowler
Africa has the largest area of wetlands of international importance, and papyrus constitutes the most dominant species for many of these wetlands. This hydrological modelling study assesses and quantifies the impacts of these papyrus wetlands on historical baseflow and quickflow, as well as future flood and low flows in the Mpologoma catchment in Uganda. Assessment over the historic period shows that wetlands strongly attenuate quickflow while moderately enhancing baseflow. They play a moderating role in most months, except for the first dry season (June and July), due to the reversal of flows between wetlands and rivers that often occur during this period. Annual estimates show that wetlands are four times better at regulating quickflow than baseflow. Examination of changes at 2 and 4 °C global warming levels (GWLs) indicate that wetlands will play critical roles in mitigating flood risks, with a lesser role in supporting low flows. Wetlands are predicted to lower future mean flood magnitude by 5.2 and 7.8% at GWL2 and GWL4, respectively, as well as halving the average number of flood events in a year, irrespective of the warming level. This work shows that papyrus-dominated wetlands strongly influence catchment hydrology, with significant roles on quickflow, including floods, and highlights the need for their conservation and protection.
{"title":"The Effect of Papyrus Wetlands on Flow Regulation in a Tropical River Catchment","authors":"Alem Oyarmoi, Stephen Birkinshaw, C. Hewett, Hayley J. Fowler","doi":"10.3390/land12122158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122158","url":null,"abstract":"Africa has the largest area of wetlands of international importance, and papyrus constitutes the most dominant species for many of these wetlands. This hydrological modelling study assesses and quantifies the impacts of these papyrus wetlands on historical baseflow and quickflow, as well as future flood and low flows in the Mpologoma catchment in Uganda. Assessment over the historic period shows that wetlands strongly attenuate quickflow while moderately enhancing baseflow. They play a moderating role in most months, except for the first dry season (June and July), due to the reversal of flows between wetlands and rivers that often occur during this period. Annual estimates show that wetlands are four times better at regulating quickflow than baseflow. Examination of changes at 2 and 4 °C global warming levels (GWLs) indicate that wetlands will play critical roles in mitigating flood risks, with a lesser role in supporting low flows. Wetlands are predicted to lower future mean flood magnitude by 5.2 and 7.8% at GWL2 and GWL4, respectively, as well as halving the average number of flood events in a year, irrespective of the warming level. This work shows that papyrus-dominated wetlands strongly influence catchment hydrology, with significant roles on quickflow, including floods, and highlights the need for their conservation and protection.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From the perspective of the scientific-disciplinary debate within urban planning, this research addresses the theme of the “new urban question” resulting from environmental concerns related to the climate crisis and socioeconomic issues that have now become structural. It then delves into the connection between urban environment quality and quality of life, ultimately questioning the role that territorial governance tools play in positively influencing the perception of well-being in cities. The overall objective of this contribution is to define an interpretative framework for experimental approaches in territorial governance. This overarching objective is articulated in the definition of two specific outcomes, pursued through an inductive methodology. The first one involves establishing an initial set of urban welfare indicators; the second entails defining strategies for planning, designing, and regenerating the public components of the city that could influence the indicators. Both outcomes are designed to be exportable to different territorial contexts.
{"title":"From Urban Challenges to “ClimaEquitable” Opportunities: Enhancing Resilience with Urban Welfare","authors":"Marsia Marino","doi":"10.3390/land12122157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122157","url":null,"abstract":"From the perspective of the scientific-disciplinary debate within urban planning, this research addresses the theme of the “new urban question” resulting from environmental concerns related to the climate crisis and socioeconomic issues that have now become structural. It then delves into the connection between urban environment quality and quality of life, ultimately questioning the role that territorial governance tools play in positively influencing the perception of well-being in cities. The overall objective of this contribution is to define an interpretative framework for experimental approaches in territorial governance. This overarching objective is articulated in the definition of two specific outcomes, pursued through an inductive methodology. The first one involves establishing an initial set of urban welfare indicators; the second entails defining strategies for planning, designing, and regenerating the public components of the city that could influence the indicators. Both outcomes are designed to be exportable to different territorial contexts.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"40 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaolin Jia, Yi Fang, Bifeng Hu, Baobao Yu, Yin Zhou
An accurate assessment of soil fertility is crucial for monitoring environmental dynamics, improving agricultural productivity, and achieving sustainable land management and utilization. The inherent complexity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of soils result in significant challenges in soil fertility assessment. Therefore, this study focused on developing a rapid, economical, and precise approach to evaluate soil fertility through the application of visible-near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIR). To achieve this, we utilized the Land Use and Cover Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) dataset and employed a variety of prediction models, including partial least squares regression, support vector machines (SVMs), random forest, and convolutional neural networks, to estimate various soil properties and overall soil fertility. The results showed that the SVM model had the highest prediction accuracy, particularly for clay content (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.79, ratio of performance to interquartile range (RPIQ) = 3.04), pH (R2 = 0.84, RPIQ = 4.54), total nitrogen (N) (R2 = 0.80, RPIQ = 2.40), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (R2 = 0.83, RPIQ = 3.16). A soil fertility index (SFI) was developed based on factor analysis, integrating nine essential soil properties: clay content, silt content, sand content, pH, carbonate content, N, soluble phosphorus, soluble potassium, and CEC. We compared direct and indirect prediction models for estimating SFI and found that both models showed high accuracy (mean value of R2 = 0.80, mean value of RPIQ = 2.21). Additionally, SFI was classified into five classes to provide insights for precision agriculture. The kappa coefficient was 0.63, which indicated that the SFI evaluation results between VNIR and chemical analysis were relatively consistent. This study provides a theoretical foundation of real-time soil fertility monitoring for the optimization of agricultural practices.
{"title":"Development of Soil Fertility Index Using Machine Learning and Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"Xiaolin Jia, Yi Fang, Bifeng Hu, Baobao Yu, Yin Zhou","doi":"10.3390/land12122155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122155","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate assessment of soil fertility is crucial for monitoring environmental dynamics, improving agricultural productivity, and achieving sustainable land management and utilization. The inherent complexity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of soils result in significant challenges in soil fertility assessment. Therefore, this study focused on developing a rapid, economical, and precise approach to evaluate soil fertility through the application of visible-near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIR). To achieve this, we utilized the Land Use and Cover Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) dataset and employed a variety of prediction models, including partial least squares regression, support vector machines (SVMs), random forest, and convolutional neural networks, to estimate various soil properties and overall soil fertility. The results showed that the SVM model had the highest prediction accuracy, particularly for clay content (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.79, ratio of performance to interquartile range (RPIQ) = 3.04), pH (R2 = 0.84, RPIQ = 4.54), total nitrogen (N) (R2 = 0.80, RPIQ = 2.40), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (R2 = 0.83, RPIQ = 3.16). A soil fertility index (SFI) was developed based on factor analysis, integrating nine essential soil properties: clay content, silt content, sand content, pH, carbonate content, N, soluble phosphorus, soluble potassium, and CEC. We compared direct and indirect prediction models for estimating SFI and found that both models showed high accuracy (mean value of R2 = 0.80, mean value of RPIQ = 2.21). Additionally, SFI was classified into five classes to provide insights for precision agriculture. The kappa coefficient was 0.63, which indicated that the SFI evaluation results between VNIR and chemical analysis were relatively consistent. This study provides a theoretical foundation of real-time soil fertility monitoring for the optimization of agricultural practices.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many hydro-dams have been built for beneficial gains, but they are causing numerous unintended negative effects on the environment. The complexity of dam impacts and the insufficient knowledge of developing countries result in many uncertainties in managing land systems and environmental impact assessments (EIAs). Also, considering the consequences beyond the dam sites proved challenging in EIAs. In this context, this paper aims to determine the spatial pattern of the environmental consequences of dams, quantify the distance of impacts, and identify different patterns in both upstream and downstream areas. We considered the hydrological linkage of dams with wetlands in watersheds and the spatial relationship between watersheds to explicate the spatial pattern. Two hundred and ninety wetlands in the Mekong, Salween, and Irrawaddy Basins were categorized into those linked with dams and those without dams, and the hydrological characteristics were statistically compared for two periods (before and after the dam booms) using the Mann–Whitney U test. The watersheds having significant differences were found, and their spatial relationship in terms of location (i.e., upstream and downstream) and distance was determined by utilizing the HydroBASINS’ Pfafstetter coding system. The results indicate that the impacts of dams on downstream areas extend significantly farther than their effects on upstream regions in HydroBASINS level-7 representation. The quantitatively determined spatial patterns on upstream and downstream areas can provide accurate spatial baseline information in land system management and EIA.
{"title":"Determination of Spatial Pattern of Environmental Consequences of Dams in Watersheds","authors":"Myung Sik Cho, Jiaguo Qi","doi":"10.3390/land12122154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122154","url":null,"abstract":"Many hydro-dams have been built for beneficial gains, but they are causing numerous unintended negative effects on the environment. The complexity of dam impacts and the insufficient knowledge of developing countries result in many uncertainties in managing land systems and environmental impact assessments (EIAs). Also, considering the consequences beyond the dam sites proved challenging in EIAs. In this context, this paper aims to determine the spatial pattern of the environmental consequences of dams, quantify the distance of impacts, and identify different patterns in both upstream and downstream areas. We considered the hydrological linkage of dams with wetlands in watersheds and the spatial relationship between watersheds to explicate the spatial pattern. Two hundred and ninety wetlands in the Mekong, Salween, and Irrawaddy Basins were categorized into those linked with dams and those without dams, and the hydrological characteristics were statistically compared for two periods (before and after the dam booms) using the Mann–Whitney U test. The watersheds having significant differences were found, and their spatial relationship in terms of location (i.e., upstream and downstream) and distance was determined by utilizing the HydroBASINS’ Pfafstetter coding system. The results indicate that the impacts of dams on downstream areas extend significantly farther than their effects on upstream regions in HydroBASINS level-7 representation. The quantitatively determined spatial patterns on upstream and downstream areas can provide accurate spatial baseline information in land system management and EIA.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"42 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandra Kosanic, Karsten Lambers, Stamatia Galata, K. Kothieringer, Angelika Abderhalden
Current climate and environmental changes have brought unprecedented rates of change to mountain ecosystems. These changes are impacting the provisioning of ecosystem services. Despite the increase in academic publications on ecosystem services, research on cultural ecosystem services (CES) and their availability in mountain regions has largely been neglected. Here we analyse how important different CES are for inhabitants and visitors in the Lower Engadine region (Switzerland). We use questionnaires and maps to identify the most important CES for individual and collective wellbeing as well as their geographical location in the region. We had 48 participants in this study of which 28 grew up in the Lower Engadine. Our results show that the most important (i.e., ‘Highly important’) CES are: ‘The view of mountains, rivers or glaciers’; the presence of plants typical for the region, for example Fire Lily and Edelweiss (i.e., Lilium bulbiliferum subsp. croceum, Edelweiss-Leontopodium alpinum); ‘Hiking’; ‘Local customs’; ‘Watching large mammals’; and the importance of ‘Terraces for traditional Agriculture activities’. Results from the spatial analysis show that identical geographical locations in the Lower Engadine provide multiple CES and bring health benefits to the users.
当前的气候和环境变化给山区生态系统带来了前所未有的变化速度。这些变化正在影响生态系统服务的提供。尽管有关生态系统服务的学术论文不断增加，但有关文化生态系统服务（CES）及其在山区的可用性的研究却在很大程度上被忽视了。在此，我们分析了不同的 CES 对瑞士下恩格丁地区的居民和游客的重要性。我们通过问卷调查和地图来确定对个人和集体福祉最重要的文化生态服务及其在该地区的地理位置。这项研究共有 48 名参与者，其中 28 人在下恩加丁地区长大。结果显示，最重要（即 "高度重要"）的 CES 是山脉、河流或冰川的景色"；该地区典型植物的存在，如火百合和 Edelweiss（即 Lilium bulbiliferum subsp.空间分析的结果表明，下恩加丁地区相同的地理位置可提供多种 CES，并为使用者带来健康益处。
{"title":"Importance of Cultural Ecosystem Services for Cultural Identity and Wellbeing in the Lower Engadine, Switzerland","authors":"Aleksandra Kosanic, Karsten Lambers, Stamatia Galata, K. Kothieringer, Angelika Abderhalden","doi":"10.3390/land12122156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/land12122156","url":null,"abstract":"Current climate and environmental changes have brought unprecedented rates of change to mountain ecosystems. These changes are impacting the provisioning of ecosystem services. Despite the increase in academic publications on ecosystem services, research on cultural ecosystem services (CES) and their availability in mountain regions has largely been neglected. Here we analyse how important different CES are for inhabitants and visitors in the Lower Engadine region (Switzerland). We use questionnaires and maps to identify the most important CES for individual and collective wellbeing as well as their geographical location in the region. We had 48 participants in this study of which 28 grew up in the Lower Engadine. Our results show that the most important (i.e., ‘Highly important’) CES are: ‘The view of mountains, rivers or glaciers’; the presence of plants typical for the region, for example Fire Lily and Edelweiss (i.e., Lilium bulbiliferum subsp. croceum, Edelweiss-Leontopodium alpinum); ‘Hiking’; ‘Local customs’; ‘Watching large mammals’; and the importance of ‘Terraces for traditional Agriculture activities’. Results from the spatial analysis show that identical geographical locations in the Lower Engadine provide multiple CES and bring health benefits to the users.","PeriodicalId":37702,"journal":{"name":"Land","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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