Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101028
Ibrahim Kolawole Mogaji, Lukman Raimi
{"title":"Embracing entrepreneurial innovation in medicine: The case for inclusion of entrepreneurship education in medical school curriculum","authors":"Ibrahim Kolawole Mogaji, Lukman Raimi","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101034
I. Pranoto , H.B. Prasetya , D. Apriatama
{"title":"Enhancing iconodiagnosis methodology and scope","authors":"I. Pranoto , H.B. Prasetya , D. Apriatama","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101060
I. Ali , S.M. Mohamed Abdelbar , M.M. Ahmed
{"title":"PEPFAR funding suspension and partial restoration: Public health implications for HIV/AIDS control in developing nations","authors":"I. Ali , S.M. Mohamed Abdelbar , M.M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101058
O. Gout , M. Lacroix
The authors discuss the potential benefits of AI for the healthcare system. To do this, they consider the importance of ensuring the confidentiality of medical data, maintaining a patient-doctor relationship imbued with humanity, as well as liability remedies specific to stemming the potential abuses of AI.
Context
In the healthcare sector, both in France and in Canada, AI is expected to be a tool for transforming and democratising healthcare by improving its quality, safety and effectiveness. We therefore need to analyse the legal framework in place to ensure that these objectives are met.
Methodology
The question is addressed on the basis of a study of the rules through the diversity of their conception, their implementation by the courts (case law) and their analysis by the authors making up the doctrine.
Results/discussion
The authors discuss the potential benefits of AI for the healthcare system. To do this, they consider the importance of ensuring the confidentiality of medical data, maintaining a patient-doctor relationship imbued with humanity, as well as liability remedies specific to stemming the potential abuses of AI.
Conclusion/outlook
While the regulations applicable to AI are considered to be relevant and appropriate for taking account of the various issues, particularly in terms of privacy and liability, it will be necessary to remain attentive to their implementation in order to ensure that the objectives are effectively achieved.
{"title":"Bioethical challenges and artificial intelligence, focus Quebec/France","authors":"O. Gout , M. Lacroix","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The authors discuss the potential benefits of AI for the healthcare system. To do this, they consider the importance of ensuring the confidentiality of medical data, maintaining a patient-doctor relationship imbued with humanity, as well as liability remedies specific to stemming the potential abuses of AI.</div></div><div><h3>Context</h3><div>In the healthcare sector, both in France and in Canada, AI is expected to be a tool for transforming and democratising healthcare by improving its quality, safety and effectiveness. We therefore need to analyse the legal framework in place to ensure that these objectives are met.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The question is addressed on the basis of a study of the rules through the diversity of their conception, their implementation by the courts (case law) and their analysis by the authors making up the doctrine.</div></div><div><h3>Results/discussion</h3><div>The authors discuss the potential benefits of AI for the healthcare system. To do this, they consider the importance of ensuring the confidentiality of medical data, maintaining a patient-doctor relationship imbued with humanity, as well as liability remedies specific to stemming the potential abuses of AI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion/outlook</h3><div>While the regulations applicable to AI are considered to be relevant and appropriate for taking account of the various issues, particularly in terms of privacy and liability, it will be necessary to remain attentive to their implementation in order to ensure that the objectives are effectively achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143213226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101057
Y.B. Abdullahi , M.M. Ahmed
{"title":"The impact of United States’ withdrawal from the WHO on global health equity and pandemic preparedness","authors":"Y.B. Abdullahi , M.M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143213227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101030
M. Stanton-Jean
{"title":"Short report: UNESCO's role in bioethics - From the country level to the international conversation in bioethics","authors":"M. Stanton-Jean","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101032
E. Boulet , R. Guilloux
Based on a constructivist approach to human reproduction, this focus analyses the ways childbirth in mainland France is framed by natalist and health policies and by social inequalities. Beyond the tension between naturalness and technicality, birth is subject to a diversity of power relations. We focus here on power dynamics around class, sex and race, which impact the access to and the quality of perinatal care. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative studies, we show that women and couples have unequal access to information during pregnancy, for several reasons. Firstly, the standardised length of antenatal consultations. Secondly, differences in understanding of information that is implicitly adapted to the most educated and affluent social classes. Thirdly, the ambivalence of the information, which oscillates between autonomy and injunction in terms of how the baby should be delivered and fed. Fourthly, pregnant workers have little knowledge of their reproductive rights. We also show that the provision of perinatal care is unequal despite a supposedly universal health insurance system. Racially minoritized women are subject to more complex administrative procedures and to more medical interventions. In addition, health and diet recommendations, and alternative birthing methods, are better suited to the individualistic logic and material conditions of the middle classes than those of the working classes. As far as working conditions are concerned, women in arduous occupations use sick leave as a means of protection, whereas women in less arduous occupations take maternity leave later than the other women. Lastly, men's involvement in domestic tasks during women's pregnancies remains occasional and limited to the physical dimension of those tasks, even more so as the assignment of women to domestic labour is reinforced by healthcare professionals. Finally, we contend that equal care for all pregnant women can only be achieved if the social dimensions of health are fully taken into account.
{"title":"How power relations impact pregnancy and childbirth: Knowledge, Healthcare and Work in France","authors":"E. Boulet , R. Guilloux","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on a constructivist approach to human reproduction, this focus analyses the ways childbirth in mainland France is framed by natalist and health policies and by social inequalities. Beyond the tension between naturalness and technicality, birth is subject to a diversity of power relations. We focus here on power dynamics around class, sex and race, which impact the access to and the quality of perinatal care. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative studies, we show that women and couples have unequal access to information during pregnancy, for several reasons. Firstly, the standardised length of antenatal consultations. Secondly, differences in understanding of information that is implicitly adapted to the most educated and affluent social classes. Thirdly, the ambivalence of the information, which oscillates between autonomy and injunction in terms of how the baby should be delivered and fed. Fourthly, pregnant workers have little knowledge of their reproductive rights. We also show that the provision of perinatal care is unequal despite a supposedly universal health insurance system. Racially minoritized women are subject to more complex administrative procedures and to more medical interventions. In addition, health and diet recommendations, and alternative birthing methods, are better suited to the individualistic logic and material conditions of the middle classes than those of the working classes. As far as working conditions are concerned, women in arduous occupations use sick leave as a means of protection, whereas women in less arduous occupations take maternity leave later than the other women. Lastly, men's involvement in domestic tasks during women's pregnancies remains occasional and limited to the physical dimension of those tasks, even more so as the assignment of women to domestic labour is reinforced by healthcare professionals. Finally, we contend that equal care for all pregnant women can only be achieved if the social dimensions of health are fully taken into account.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101050
S. Jamil , S. Biswas , N. Ali , F. Ahmed
{"title":"Emerging infectious threats: first identification of reovirus cases in Bangladesh","authors":"S. Jamil , S. Biswas , N. Ali , F. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101046
G. Genicot
Context
In Belgian law, medical decisions are placed under the banner of the patient's self-determination, expressed, if necessary, in the form of binding advance directives or conveyed by a representative – freely chosen, or designated by the law or the judge – who has decision-making powers.
Methodology
The way in which the law understands reality differs from that of other disciplines, including the humanities and social sciences. For this subject, reality is studied through the development of rules (issues, content, spirit), but also through their practical application, especially in the case of litigation, through the study of court decisions that may be handed down. This method is used here in relation to end of life.
Results/discussion
The patient's decision-making autonomy is the cornerstone of Belgian medical law, and it remains – simply exercised in a different way – when patients are no longer able to exercise their rights themselves. Belgian law provides for (i) an absolute right of an adult patient to refuse any treatment, including in the form of advance directives; (ii) the right to appoint a health proxy whose decision will be binding both on (other) family members and on the doctor; (iii) and, failing that, a "cascade" mechanism designating in any event a person empowered to exercise the rights of a patient who is incapable of doing so, and giving the immediate family a decision-making role rather than a merely advisory one, with a hierarchy among family members (priority being given to the spouse, whether married or not).
Conclusion/outlook
In medical matters, and especially at the end of life, the crucial point which is illustrated by the legal framework is probably the decision-making model itself. The law should suggest a model which, in this field, is as much societal (and ethical) as strictly legal. In this respect, the scheme set up in Belgian law has the salutary effect to adequately meet the needs of healthcare practice, and the legitimate aspirations of citizens. By placing the centre of gravity of medical decisions on the side of the patient and not the doctor, including at the end of life, it is fundamentally different from a consultation scheme, which results in a decision that is certainly concerted, but remains medical.
{"title":"Protection of the elderly patient and preservation of decision-making autonomy at the end of life in Belgian law","authors":"G. Genicot","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>In Belgian law, medical decisions are placed under the banner of the patient's <em>self-determination</em>, expressed, if necessary, in the form of <em>binding</em> advance directives or conveyed by a representative – freely chosen, or designated by the law or the judge – who has <em>decision-making powers</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The way in which the law understands reality differs from that of other disciplines, including the humanities and social sciences. For this subject, reality is studied through the development of rules (issues, content, spirit), but also through their practical application, especially in the case of litigation, through the study of court decisions that may be handed down. This method is used here in relation to end of life.</div></div><div><h3>Results/discussion</h3><div>The patient's decision-making autonomy is the cornerstone of Belgian medical law, and it remains – simply exercised in a different way – when patients are no longer able to exercise their rights themselves. Belgian law provides for (i) an absolute right of an adult patient to refuse any treatment, including in the form of advance directives; (ii) the right to appoint a health proxy whose decision will be binding both on (other) family members and on the doctor; (iii) and, failing that, a \"cascade\" mechanism designating <em>in any event</em> a person empowered to exercise the rights of a patient who is incapable of doing so, and giving the immediate family a decision-making role rather than a merely advisory one, with a hierarchy among family members (priority being given to the spouse, whether married or not).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion/outlook</h3><div>In medical matters, and especially at the end of life, the crucial point which is illustrated by the legal framework is probably <em>the decision-making model itself</em>. The law should suggest a model which, in this field, is as much societal (and ethical) as strictly legal. In this respect, the scheme set up in Belgian law has the salutary effect to adequately meet the needs of healthcare practice, and the legitimate aspirations of citizens. By placing the centre of gravity of medical decisions on the side of the <em>patient</em> and not the doctor, including at the end of life, it is fundamentally different from a <em>consultation scheme</em>, which results in a decision that is certainly concerted, but remains medical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concerns regarding patient’s safety and oral health risks associated with counterfeit dental materials","authors":"Shalini Kushwaha , Pooja Puri , Kavita Goyal , Christine Jeyaseelan","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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