Ethics, Medicine and Public Health最新文献

英文中文

Ritual smoke: Rethinking tobacco harm reduction in the cultural context of Philippine indigenous communities 仪式烟：重新思考烟草危害减少在菲律宾土著社区的文化背景

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101205

R.P. Malinda, V.N. Pamisaran, G.S. Layocan

引用次数: 0

Homo criticus and the body’s imperatives 批判人与身体的要求

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2026.101272

J. Maalouf, H. Fares

Purpose

The mismatch between body and mind is well established in the literature on human nature. The present study aims to reconsider the problem from a philosophical and holistic perspective using the concept of “crisis” and focusing on body’s imperatives. The goal is to define a model that has practical applications for improving different human systems and promote wellbeing.

Results

The body-mind crisis belongs to human nature as Homo criticus, subject of the crisis, and as Homo criticum, object of the crisis, in a hermeneutical, epistemological, and practical circularity. We elaborate a Crisis Model, an ideal model that unfolds and integrates together the circular relations in and between self (body and mind), life-system (environment and world), and purpose (survival and thrival). The main symptom, also a potential cause, of a disempowering crisis is the altered alignment in purpose between survival and thrival. We describe these altered configurations of the Crisis Model and elaborate a set of body’s imperatives, inspired by Kant and Jonas. These body’s imperatives are correlated with a true survival of the human species that must be cooperative.

Conclusion

The Crisis Model provides a practical framework for humans to design different systems, educational, public health, and others, that promote independently stable individuals within strong communities. Basing interventions on this Crisis Model can restore the balance of human nature, especially by focusing on the choice of our life purpose.

目的：在有关人性的文献中，身心的不匹配已经得到了充分的证实。本研究旨在运用“危机”的概念，从哲学和整体的角度重新思考这一问题，并关注身体的命令性。我们的目标是定义一个模型，这个模型可以实际应用于改善不同的人类系统和促进福祉。结果身心危机是作为危机的批判人（Homo criticum）和作为危机的批判人（Homo criticum），在解释学、认识论和实践的循环中属于人性的。我们精心设计了一个危机模型，这是一个理想的模型，它将自我（身体和心灵）、生命系统（环境和世界）和目的（生存和繁荣）之间的循环关系展开并整合在一起。削弱权力的危机的主要症状，也是潜在的原因，是生存和繁荣之间的目标改变了。在康德和乔纳斯的启发下，我们描述了危机模型的这些变化配置，并详细阐述了一套身体命令。这些身体的需求与人类物种的真正生存有关，这必须是合作的。危机模型为人类设计不同的系统、教育、公共卫生和其他系统提供了一个实用的框架，这些系统在强大的社区中促进独立稳定的个人。基于危机模型的干预可以恢复人性的平衡，特别是通过关注我们生活目标的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Urgent action needed to address WASH-related disease outbreaks in Somalia 需要采取紧急行动，解决索马里与wash有关的疾病暴发问题

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2026.101252

I. Abdullahi Khalif , S. Gaiye Bashir , Y. Abdullahi Hubow , A. Nor Abdi , A. Mohamed Omar

引用次数: 0

Behind the data: Breast cancer care in Bolivia and the human cost of global inequity 数据背后：玻利维亚的乳腺癌护理和全球不平等的人类成本

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2026.101273

M.T. Nieto-Coronel , D. Shveid Gerson

引用次数: 0

Art to Art during the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pandemic 人类免疫缺陷病毒大流行期间的艺术对艺术

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101236

L. Suárez , V. Asensi , S.T. Donell , A. Perciaccante , P. Charlier , A.I. Cucu , J. Hanning , A.G. Nerlich , R. Bianucci

Background

In 1989, the AIDS pandemic spread worldwide with a heavy death toll in developing countries, generating fear and profound social stigma. HIV was initially associated with men who have sex with men and people who inject drugs, reinforcing marginalization, even within healthcare. Early antiretroviral therapies were costly, difficult to access, and highly toxic.

Methods

We reviewed and analyzed representative works of visual art produced during different phases of the HIV pandemic, including paintings, posters, and photography, to explore how artistic expression reflected and shaped social perceptions, activism, and biomedical progress.

Results

Numerous artists and collectives, many living with HIV, used art to denounce systemic failures, confront stigma, raise public awareness, and pressure regulators and politicians to accelerate drug approval and resource allocation. As scientific advances progressively transformed HIV from a fatal disease into a chronic, manageable condition requiring lifelong therapy, the visual language of HIV also evolved. Early works emphasized fear, uncertainty, and devastation, while later imagery increasingly reflected hope, survival, normalization, and ongoing vulnerability. Despite major therapeutic successes, the pandemic continues to exert a substantial impact, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where vertical and heterosexual transmission remain critical challenges. Across emerging infectious diseases, societal responses tend to follow recurrent phases—recognition, crisis, therapeutic development, containment, and long-term management—accompanied by shifting collective emotions from panic and blame to acceptance and cautious optimism.

Conclusion

The HIV pandemic illustrates the powerful role of visual art as a mirror of social trauma and a catalyst for empathy, activism, and public health engagement, beyond historical value.

1989年，艾滋病在全世界蔓延，在发展中国家造成大量死亡，造成恐惧和深刻的社会耻辱。艾滋病毒最初与男男性行为者和注射吸毒者联系在一起，甚至在医疗保健领域也加剧了边缘化。早期的抗逆转录病毒疗法价格昂贵，难以获得，而且毒性很大。方法：我们回顾并分析了在艾滋病流行的不同阶段产生的具有代表性的视觉艺术作品，包括绘画、海报和摄影，以探讨艺术表达如何反映和塑造社会观念、行动主义和生物医学进步。结果：许多艺术家和团体，其中许多是艾滋病毒感染者，利用艺术来谴责系统失败，对抗耻辱，提高公众意识，并向监管机构和政治家施压，以加快药物审批和资源分配。随着科学进步逐渐将艾滋病毒从一种致命疾病转变为一种需要终身治疗的可控制的慢性疾病，艾滋病毒的视觉语言也发生了变化。早期的作品强调恐惧、不确定性和破坏，而后来的图像越来越多地反映了希望、生存、正常化和持续的脆弱性。尽管在治疗方面取得了重大成功，但这一流行病继续产生重大影响，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲，那里的垂直传播和异性传播仍然是重大挑战。在新出现的传染病中，社会反应往往遵循周期性阶段——认识、危机、治疗开发、遏制和长期管理——伴随着集体情绪从恐慌和指责转变为接受和谨慎乐观。艾滋病毒的流行说明了视觉艺术作为社会创伤的镜子和同理心、行动主义和公共卫生参与的催化剂的强大作用，超越了历史价值。

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引用次数: 0

Alleged torture in asylum seekers evaluated during the Arab spring years (2009–2014): a retrospective single-center study 阿拉伯之春期间（2009-2014）对寻求庇护者涉嫌酷刑的评估：一项回顾性单中心研究

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2026.101263

G. Pulin , G. De Donno , F. Introna , A. De Donno

Torture remains a severe human rights violation and a relevant medico-legal issue in asylum procedures. The Istanbul Protocol provides a standardized framework for documenting alleged torture and assessing the consistency between reported events and clinical findings. The objective of the study is to describe the demographic characteristics, reported contexts, injury patterns, availability of contemporaneous documentation, and Istanbul Protocol consistency ratings among asylum seekers referred for medico-legal evaluation at a single Italian center during 2009–2014 (a period overlapping with major geopolitical instability in several regions). We retrospectively reviewed 36 consecutive cases evaluated at the Unit of Legal Medicine of University of Bari, Southern Italy, between 2009 and 2014. Examinations followed the Istanbul Protocol and were conducted by a multidisciplinary team with cultural mediation. Data included demographics, country of origin, reported reasons for persecution, migration route, alleged torture methods categorized per Istanbul Protocol, injury distribution, time elapsed since the alleged events, presence of contemporaneous medical records, and consistency ratings. The cohort included 36 asylum seekers (32 men, 4 women; mean age 26 years), predominantly aged 21–30 years (58%). Countries of origin were heterogeneous (Pakistan 25%, Palestine 14%, Nigeria 11%, Turkey/Kurdistan 11%, other 39%). Most participants reported that the alleged torture occurred in the country of origin (92%). Detention in Libya during migration was reported by 31%. The most frequently documented categories were blunt trauma (69%), crushing injuries (47%), and psychological techniques (47%); burns were reported in 27%. Contemporaneous medical documentation was available in 17% of cases. No acute injuries were observed; in 58% the alleged events occurred 1–5 years prior to assessment and in 28% more than 5 years prior. Using the Istanbul Protocol consistency scale collapsed into three categories, full consistency was recorded in 22%, partial consistency in 75%, and inconsistency in 3%. In this retrospective single-center cohort, alleged torture reports were associated with diverse geopolitical contexts and were frequently assessed years after the events, with limited contemporaneous documentation. Despite these constraints, Istanbul Protocol–based evaluations yielded predominantly partial-to-full consistency ratings. These findings primarily inform the practical challenges of delayed medico-legal assessment in asylum seekers and support the need for earlier referral pathways and multicenter datasets; causal inferences regarding temporal or regional geopolitical events cannot be drawn from this design.

酷刑仍然是严重侵犯人权的行为，也是庇护程序中的相关医疗法律问题。《伊斯坦布尔议定书》为记录酷刑指控和评估报告事件与临床结果之间的一致性提供了一个标准化框架。该研究的目的是描述2009-2014年（与几个地区地缘政治不稳定重叠的时期）在一个意大利中心进行医学-法律评估的寻求庇护者的人口特征、报告背景、伤害模式、同期文件的可用性和伊斯坦布尔议定书一致性评级。我们回顾性地回顾了2009年至2014年间在意大利南部巴里大学法律医学单元评估的36个连续案例。检查遵循《伊斯坦布尔议定书》，由具有文化调解能力的多学科小组进行。数据包括人口统计、原籍国、报告的迫害原因、移徙路线、根据《伊斯坦布尔议定书》分类的据称酷刑方法、伤害分布、据称事件发生后的时间、有无同期医疗记录以及一致性评级。该队列包括36名寻求庇护者（32名男性，4名女性；平均年龄26岁），主要年龄在21-30岁之间（58%）。原产国是异质性的（巴基斯坦25%，巴勒斯坦14%，尼日利亚11%，土耳其/库尔德斯坦11%，其他39%）。大多数与会者报告说，指称的酷刑发生在原籍国（92%）。据报道，31%的人在移民期间被拘留在利比亚。最常见的记录类别是钝性创伤（69%），挤压伤（47%）和心理技术（47%）；烧伤发生率为27%。在17%的病例中可获得同期医学记录。未见急性损伤；58%的患者声称的事件发生在评估前1-5年，28%的患者发生在评估前5年。使用伊斯坦布尔协议的一致性量表分为三类，完全一致性占22%，部分一致性占75%，不一致性占3%。在这个回顾性的单中心队列中，所谓的酷刑报告与不同的地缘政治背景有关，并且经常在事件发生数年后进行评估，当时的文件有限。尽管存在这些限制，但基于伊斯坦布尔协议的评估主要产生了部分到完全一致性评级。这些发现主要说明了在寻求庇护者中延迟进行医学-法律评估的实际挑战，并支持早期转诊途径和多中心数据集的必要性；不能从这种设计中得出关于时间或区域地缘政治事件的因果推论。

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引用次数: 0

‘Kaulaw’ as moral habitus: reimagining ethical barriers in the Philippines’ HIV Response “Kaulaw”作为道德习惯：重新想象菲律宾艾滋病应对中的道德障碍

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101214

R.P. Colegado, J.C. Colegado

引用次数: 0

Déjà vu in global health: repeating the same outbreak mistakes in 2026 全球卫生中的daca：在2026年重复同样的疫情错误

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2026.101248

H. Abdi Salad

引用次数: 0

No elder left behind: embedding ‘Pag-amuma’ in Philippine digital care 不让一个老人掉队：在菲律宾数字护理中嵌入“paga -amuma”

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101218

J.C. Colegado, R.P. Colegado

引用次数: 0

Ethics of clinical research in Jordan: An overview 约旦临床研究伦理：综述

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101125

N.N. Abdelhadi

Background

Clinical research is crucial in advancing medical science and improving healthcare practices. In Jordan, international regulations have influenced the development of clinical research ethics, yet local challenges and areas for improvement still exist.

Objectives

The review aimed to map the ethical principles and frameworks applied in clinical research in Jordan and to provide recommendations for strengthening clinical research ethics in the country.

Methodology

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, Clinical trials.gov, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ADI, and WHO databases was conducted through March 2025. Studies were selected based on relevance to ethical issues in clinical research, including participant consent, privacy, data protection, and research governance.

Results/discussion

Clinical research ethics in Jordan are guided by international frameworks, but several challenges hinder the effective implementation of these ethical principles. To ensure the highest standards of research conduct, researchers and ethical review committees need enhanced training.

Conclusion/perspectives

There are several opportunities for enhancing clinical research ethics in Jordan. Increasing the capacity and capability of IRBs through regular training and resource allocation can improve ethical oversight. Furthermore, promoting public awareness about clinical research ethics and the importance of informed consent can empower participants to make more informed decisions about their involvement in studies.

临床研究对推进医学科学和改善医疗保健实践至关重要。在约旦，国际法规影响了临床研究伦理的发展，但当地的挑战和有待改进的领域仍然存在。目的该综述旨在绘制约旦临床研究中应用的伦理原则和框架，并为加强该国的临床研究伦理提供建议。方法到2025年3月，对PubMed、Medline、Clinical trials.gov、b谷歌Scholar、Science Direct、ADI和WHO数据库进行了全面检索。研究的选择基于临床研究中伦理问题的相关性，包括参与者同意、隐私、数据保护和研究治理。结果/讨论约旦的临床研究伦理是由国际框架指导的，但是一些挑战阻碍了这些伦理原则的有效实施。为了确保研究行为的最高标准，研究人员和伦理审查委员会需要加强培训。结论/观点约旦有几个加强临床研究伦理的机会。通过定期培训和资源分配来提高审计委员会的能力和能力，可以改善道德监督。此外，促进公众对临床研究伦理和知情同意的重要性的认识可以使参与者在参与研究时做出更明智的决定。

{"title":"Ethics of clinical research in Jordan: An overview","authors":"N.N. Abdelhadi","doi":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Clinical research is crucial in advancing medical science and improving healthcare practices. In Jordan, international regulations have influenced the development of clinical research ethics, yet local challenges and areas for improvement still exist.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The review aimed to map the ethical principles and frameworks applied in clinical research in Jordan and to provide recommendations for strengthening clinical research ethics in the country.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, Clinical trials.gov, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ADI, and WHO databases was conducted through March 2025. Studies were selected based on relevance to ethical issues in clinical research, including participant consent, privacy, data protection, and research governance.</div></div><div><h3>Results/discussion</h3><div>Clinical research ethics in Jordan are guided by international frameworks, but several challenges hinder the effective implementation of these ethical principles. To ensure the highest standards of research conduct, researchers and ethical review committees need enhanced training.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion/perspectives</h3><div>There are several opportunities for enhancing clinical research ethics in Jordan. Increasing the capacity and capability of IRBs through regular training and resource allocation can improve ethical oversight. Furthermore, promoting public awareness about clinical research ethics and the importance of informed consent can empower participants to make more informed decisions about their involvement in studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37707,"journal":{"name":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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