Ethics, Medicine and Public Health最新文献

英文中文

Balancing revenue and public health: the effects of new sales tax on healthcare services in Somalia

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101041

M.M. Ahmed , O.J. Okesanya , A.S. Ali

引用次数: 0

Urgent attention needed to address rising human metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101042

S. Jamil , M. Salman Sohel , F. Muhammad

引用次数: 0

From Chevron to Loper: Will Congress act to fill regulatory gaps and safeguard public health?

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101065

M. Blakley , R. Hirani , M. Etienne

引用次数: 0

The practice of electroconvulsive therapy without patient consent: a French naturalistic study

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101051

L. Chevalier , S. Lespagnol , J. Charron , L. Cheval , S. Bulteau , A. Sauvaget , A. Laurin

Introduction

Free and informed consent is essential in care, though it may be impossible to obtain in psychiatry due to the impairment of discernment caused by mental illness. In this context, the law authorizes coerced care, including electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a highly effective treatment that can at least partially restore discernment. However, the practice of ECT without consent is poorly documented, as is the question of reassessing consent during ECT. We need to take stock of the situation in order to improve practices.

Method

We conducted a monocentric observational retrospective chart-based study at Nantes University Hospital (France) involving 162 patients treated by ECT between 2018 and 2022.

Results

Our results showed that 36% of patients were treated by ECT without their consent, but with the agreement of a close relative (32% spouse, 31% child). ECT without the patient’s consent was mainly carried out in patients hospitalized under restraint, with a manic or mixed state, suffering from a catatonic or dementia syndrome. Despite an efficacy rate of 97%, only 3% of patients regularized their consent at the end of the ECT course. Surprisingly, 21 patients were treated with ECT without their consent, with the agreement of a third party, while in open hospitalization, and 26 patients were treated with ECT with their consent while in restricted hospitalization.

Conclusion

The ability to consent during ECT treatment must be reassessed.

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引用次数: 0

Medically assisted procreation (MAP): from the treatment of infertility to the completion of a parental project, evolution or revolution?

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101036

M. Girer

French law regarding medically assisted procreation (MAP) has undergone profound changes, which were initiated by the law of August 2, 2021 on bioethics. This text significantly changes the legal framework of MAP, which involves three main aspects. First, the use of gametes other than those of the couple may be necessary: gamete donation is authorized, provided that it is voluntary, free and anonymous. These same requirements apply to the reception of embryos. Secondly, the purpose of MAP has been profoundly modified: although the medical purpose is still acknowledged (to combat pathological infertility in a couple or to avoid the transmission of a disease to the child or to the other member of the couple), it has taken a back seat to the notion of parental project. This shift in the purpose of MAP makes it possible to open up access to female couples and unmarried women. Finally, the establishing of the bond of filiation with the child born from a MAP and the legal securing of this bond are specified by the legislator, with the creation of the anticipated joint recognition for couples of women and the possible lifting of the anonymity of the third party donor at the age of majority of the child.

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive public health response and preparedness: key lessons from Rwanda’s effective containment of the 2024 Marburg virus outbreak

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101037

M.M. Ahmed , O.J. Okesanya , A. Gilbert

引用次数: 0

Medical and museum collaboration for iconodiagnosis in dermatology: the example of the Musée de Fécamp

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101035

B. Hillion , C. Déchelette , N. Sébille , A. Perciaccante , P. Charlier

Introduction

A group of international doctors and scientists with a passion for art history has established the International Society of Iconodiagnosis (ISI) to advance research and awareness in iconodiagnosis. ISI initiated the collaborative project "SKIN & ART," focusing on identifying dermatological cases of iconodiagnosis through an unprecedented partnership between the medical and museum communities.

Materials and methods

A call for research proposals was published on the international website La Tribune de l’Art. The Musée de Fécamp in France was the first museum to respond, granting access to its permanent collection and to all non-exhibited artworks of the museum’s storages.

Results

The collaboration between the medical team, which analyzed visible dermatological lesions, and the museum conservation team, which provided insight into artists, paintings, and local archives, led to the identification of four cases of dermatological iconodiagnosis only in the museum storages: three nevi and one case of seborrheic keratosis.

Conclusion

Our goal is to help replicate this type of bilateral collaboration in other international museums to uncover further iconodiagnosis cases and establish an open resource database for researchers, doctors, and art historians.

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引用次数: 0

The fall of Assad: Implications for Syria’s healthcare system

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2025.101059

A.J. Nashwan , S. Swed

引用次数: 0

No reward without responsibility: Focus on peer review reports 没有责任就没有奖励：关注同行评议报告

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101033

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva , Timothy Daly

Trust in the quality of scholarly publishing is vital for the integrity of science and medicine in society. An ongoing debate about peer review has divided its participants into those who defend pre-publication peer review (e.g., preprints), traditional peer review (TPR), and post-publication peer review (PPPR). Even though the quality of peer review can vary widely within and between journals, peer reviewers within TPR may be rewarded uniformly by reward schemes such as Clarivate’s Web of Science. Despite this, academics and the public are usually unaware of the content of peer reports or quality of peer review because the process is deemed confidential, except for rare cases of open peer review (OPR). In this paper, we argue that the confidentiality associated with TPR creates an opaque smoke-screen that prevents the direct and across-the-board scrutiny of peer reviewers or editorial handling, and may be a contributing factor to the current crisis of mistrust in science and academic publishing. We make two related arguments. Firstly, that peer reviewers within TPR whose reports’ content and quality cannot be independently or publicly verified or contested should not be rewarded by any peer reviewer rewards schemes, but should be in the case of OPR. Secondly, journals should not flout their “peer-reviewed” status unless they can provide publicly verifiable evidence of their peer review process, as in OPR. In other words, there should be “no reward without responsibility” for peer reviewers, as well as editors, journals and publishers claiming that the process or their journal is peer-reviewed, absent evidence.

对学术出版质量的信任对科学和医学在社会中的诚信至关重要。一场关于同行评议的持续辩论将其参与者分为出版前同行评议（例如，预印本），传统同行评议（TPR）和出版后同行评议（PPPR）。尽管同行评议的质量在期刊内部和期刊之间差异很大，但TPR内部的同行评议者可能会通过诸如Clarivate的Web of Science这样的奖励计划得到统一的奖励。尽管如此，学术界和公众通常不知道同行报告的内容或同行评议的质量，因为除了少数公开同行评议（OPR）的情况外，这个过程被认为是保密的。在本文中，我们认为与TPR相关的保密性创造了一个不透明的烟幕，阻止了同行审稿人或编辑处理的直接和全面审查，并且可能是导致当前科学和学术出版不信任危机的一个因素。我们有两个相关的论点。首先，TPR内部的同行审稿人，如果其报告的内容和质量不能被独立或公开验证或质疑，就不应该得到任何同行审稿人奖励计划的奖励，但在OPR中应该得到奖励。其次，期刊不应该蔑视他们的“同行评议”地位，除非他们能提供公开可验证的同行评议过程的证据，就像OPR一样。换句话说，对于同行评议者，以及在没有证据的情况下声称该过程或其期刊经过同行评议的编辑、期刊和出版商，应该“没有责任就没有奖励”。

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引用次数: 0

The human body and the body elements—Conditions for their use in genetics under the French bioethics law and beyond 人体和人体元素--根据法国生物伦理法及其他法律将其用于遗传学的条件

Q3 Medicine

Ethics, Medicine and Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2024.101026

E. Rial-Sebbag

French legislation has strictly regulated genetic analysis since the adoption of the bioethics laws in 1994. Following a historical perspective, we discuss how French laws have provided a stable legal regime for access to and use of the human body and its elements until the recent revision of the laws. We present the main bioethical principles attached to the human body and their jurisprudential treatment. We balance this approach of stability by showing the strong evolution of the provisions regulating genetics in French laws. Initially based on and centred on the protection of the individual, we present and analyse the new possibilities for using genetic analysis in the name of solidarity with family members and with society as a whole, for research perspectives and for public health prevention.

自 1994 年通过生物伦理法以来，法国立法对基因分析进行了严格的规范。从历史的角度出发，我们讨论了在最近的法律修订之前，法国法律是如何为获取和使用人体及其要素提供稳定的法律制度的。我们介绍了与人体相关的主要生物伦理原则及其法学处理方法。我们通过展示法国法律中有关遗传学规定的强劲演变来平衡这种稳定的方法。最初，我们以保护个人为基础和中心，现在，我们介绍并分析了在与家庭成员和整个社会团结一致的名义下，为研究前景和公共健康预防而使用基因分析的新可能性。

引用次数: 0

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