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Adversarial Growth among Refugees: A Scoping Review 难民中的对抗性增长:范围审查
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010046
Mira Elise Glaser Holthe, Kerstin Söderström
Background: The main aims of this scoping review are to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge about adversarial growth among refugees, and to gain insight into the complexity of post-trauma development. Methods: We applied a systematic search strategy resulting in the inclusion of 43 quantitative and qualitative empirical studies. Our findings underscore the prevalence of growth as a common phenomenon among refugees, emphasizing the positive associations with problem-focused coping, optimism, positive reappraisal, religiosity, and social support. Additionally, this review sheds light on the qualitative experiences and outcomes of growth, particularly pro-social outcomes, and the cultural and religious aspects of growth processes. Findings concerning the role of time and post-migration factors on growth processes highlight the need for more studies among established refugees. In sum, the findings supplement and lend nuance to pathology-oriented research, while acknowledging the severity of suffering and trauma and their consequences for individuals. We suggest that further research should focus on existential aspects and theories of growth: compassion, altruism, and pro-sociality following trauma, and the importance of religious and cultural elements in growth processes.
背景:本综述的主要目的是全面概述有关难民逆境成长的现有知识,并深入了解创伤后发展的复杂性。方法:我们采用了一种系统性的搜索策略,最终找到了我们采用了系统性检索策略,共纳入了 43 项定量和定性实证研究。我们的研究结果表明,成长在难民中是一种普遍现象,并强调了成长与以问题为中心的应对方式、乐观主义、积极的重新评价、宗教信仰和社会支持之间的积极联系。此外,本综述还揭示了成长的定性经验和结果,尤其是亲社会结果,以及成长过程的文化和宗教方面。有关时间和移民后因素对成长过程的作用的研究结果突出表明,有必要对已定居的难民进行更多的研究。总之,这些研究结果补充了以病理学为导向的研究,并使其更加细致,同时承认了痛苦和创伤的严重性及其对个人造成的后果。我们建议,进一步的研究应侧重于存在方面和成长理论:创伤后的同情心、利他主义和亲社会性,以及宗教和文化因素在成长过程中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
After Being Granted or Refused Asylum in Norway: Relational Migration Journeys among Afghan Unaccompanied Young Men 在挪威获得或被拒绝庇护后:阿富汗孤身青年的亲属移民之旅
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010045
Moa Nyamwathi Lønning
This article considers experiences of moving and dwelling in Europe among Afghan unaccompanied young men in the context of stringent migration, asylum, and settlement processes. The young men embarked as minors and arrived unaccompanied in Norway. There, their claims for asylum had radically different outcomes: some were granted international protection and others were refused asylum. The article sheds light on forms of relationality on migration journeys by focusing on relational selves and subjectivities regarding trajectories, processes of inclusion and exclusion, and family. Participants shared numerous challenges and struggles arising from their journeys, but also possibilities and transformations taking place alongside developmental changes and life transitions. While some attached meaning to experienced hardships and drew on a sense of direction, others spoke of exhaustion or inoculated themselves from an inability to pursue a direction they desired and saw as necessary for their lives. They made sense of their experiences relationally, relating to hopes and fears, idealised and longed for kinship ties and care, and the ongoing processes and positionings involved in shaping their present situations and imaginings of the future.
本文探讨了在严格的移民、庇护和定居程序背景下,阿富汗孤身男青年在欧洲的迁移和居住经历。这些年轻人作为未成年人登船,在无人陪伴的情况下抵达挪威。在挪威,他们的庇护申请结果截然不同:一些人获得了国际保护,另一些人则被拒绝庇护。文章通过关注与轨迹、包容和排斥过程以及家庭相关的自我和主体性,揭示了移徙旅程中的关系形式。参与者分享了他们在旅途中遇到的众多挑战和挣扎,同时也分享了伴随着发展变化和人生转折而发生的各种可能性和转变。有些人将经历的艰难困苦赋予了意义,并汲取了方向感,而有些人则谈到了疲惫,或因无法追寻自己所期望的方向而使自己陷入困境,并认为这对他们的生活是必要的。他们从亲情的角度来理解自己的经历,与希望和恐惧、理想化的和渴望得到的亲情纽带和 照顾,以及塑造其目前状况和对未来的想象所涉及的持续过程和定位有关。
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引用次数: 0
Social Media, Newsworthiness, and Missing White Woman Syndrome: A Criminological Analysis 社交媒体、新闻价值和失踪白人妇女综合症:犯罪学分析
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010044
Avril Margaret Brandon, Erika Emandache, Aleksandra Iwaniec
Missing White Woman Syndrome has been widely acknowledged within traditional mainstream media, resulting in a heavy focus on missing white women and a simultaneous underrepresentation of missing women from minority ethnic communities. However, less is known about whether this has carried through to social media, wherein users play a key role in determining what becomes widespread news. This review seeks to examine this issue with reference to existing research. It begins by exploring the concept of newsworthiness and the ways in which social media influences the distribution of news. It will then review the concept of the ‘ideal victim’, and its continued association with ethnicity. Finally, the review will examine Missing White Woman Syndrome and the ways in which it has historically manifested within traditional media and continues to manifest on social media. The review will conclude with a discussion on findings and avenues for future research in Ireland and internationally.
传统主流媒体普遍承认 "白人女性失踪综合症",因此对失踪的白人女性给予了高度关注,同时对少数族裔社区的失踪女性却报道不足。然而,人们对这一现象是否已延伸到社交媒体却知之甚少,因为社交媒体的用户在决定什么成为广泛报道的新闻方面发挥着关键作用。本综述试图参考现有研究来探讨这一问题。它首先探讨了新闻价值的概念以及社交媒体影响新闻传播的方式。然后将回顾 "理想受害者 "的概念及其与种族的持续关联。最后,评论将探讨 "失踪白人妇女综合症 "及其在传统媒体中的历史表现形式,以及在社交媒体中的持续表现形式。最后,将讨论研究结果以及爱尔兰和国际上未来研究的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in the Well-Being of Foreign Language Speaking Migrant Mothers Living in Finland during the Initial Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic 在 COVID-19 大流行初期,居住在芬兰的讲外语的移民母亲的福祉变化
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010042
Eveliina Heino, Hanna Kara, Camilla Nordberg
This article examines changes in the well-being of foreign-language-speaking migrant mothers living in Finland during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020. Our data consist of 73 mothers’ responses to a qualitative survey conducted between 18 April and 26 May 2020. In our analysis, we employ the division of well-being into three dimensions: having, loving, and being. According to our results, the participating mothers experienced dramatic changes, such as an increased burden of care and domestic work, difficulties helping children with remote studies, health concerns, a lack of free time, isolation from Finnish society and the inability to travel to their country of origin. Family-centered activities helped the mothers to cope in this situation but also caused strains. Based on our findings, we discuss the vulnerabilities these mothers experienced in relation to language, migration background and gender roles.
本文研究了 2020 年春季 COVID-19 大流行初期,居住在芬兰的讲外语的移民母亲的幸福感变化。我们的数据包括 73 位母亲对 2020 年 4 月 18 日至 5 月 26 日期间所做定性调查的回复。在分析中,我们将幸福感分为三个维度:拥有、爱和存在。根据我们的结果,参与调查的母亲们经历了巨大的变化,例如照顾孩子和家务劳动的负担加重、帮助孩子远程学习的困难、健康问题、缺乏空闲时间、与芬兰社会隔绝以及无法前往原籍国。以家庭为中心的活动帮助母亲们应对这种情况,但也造成了压力。根据我们的调查结果,我们讨论了这些母亲在语言、移民背景和性别角色方面所经历的脆弱性。
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引用次数: 0
Narratives of Symbolic Objects: Exploring Relational Wellbeing of Young Refugees Living in Scotland, Finland, and Norway 符号对象的叙事:探索生活在苏格兰、芬兰和挪威的年轻难民的关系福祉
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010043
Masego Katisi, Milfrid Tonheim, Sharon A. McGregor, Fath E Mubeen
Background: In this study, objects are used as a representation of relational wellbeing to help young refugees living in Norway, Scotland, and Finland to talk about important persons who make them feel well. At the time of this research, there is no known study that uses objects to facilitate narratives of how young refugees and members of their social networks generate relational wellbeing. Methods: Using a qualitative approach, young refugees participated in individual interviews about the objects they brought to an art workshop to understand their experiences, feelings, and acts of wellbeing. Results: Treating each object as unique to the owner was powerful in revealing how relational wellbeing is experienced and expressed. There were overlaps in experiences and expressions of wellbeing, hence our themes of discussion: overlaps between old and new social ties; between time and space; and between the three constructs of relational wellbeing. Old ties were not forgotten; instead, they evolved to a different form, supporting young refugees from a distance, while new ties contributed to what is needed in their present and at their current age. Experiences of relational wellbeing transcended time and space between their disrupted places of origin, their experiences on the journey, and settling in their new countries. The constructs of relational wellbeing—feeling good, being connected, and having enough—were inseparable in the participants’ experiences. Conclusions: We conclude that these overlaps have implications for a relational wellbeing approach in theory and practice. The results leave a challenge for both researchers and practitioners to develop complex research and intervention methods that can capture these tapestries of young refugees’ experiences of relational wellbeing.
背景:在本研究中,研究人员使用物品作为关系幸福的代表,帮助生活在挪威、苏格兰和芬兰的年轻难民讲述那些让他们感觉良好的重要人物。在进行这项研究时,还没有任何一项已知的研究利用实物来帮助年轻难民及其社交网络成员讲述他们是如何产生幸福感的。研究方法:使用定性方法,年轻难民参与了关于他们带到艺术工作坊的物品的个人访谈,以了解他们的经历、感受和幸福行为。结果:将每一件物品都视为拥有者的独一无二的物品,这对揭示关系幸福的体验和表达方式很有帮助。在体验和表达幸福感方面存在重叠,因此我们的讨论主题是:新旧社会关系之间的重叠;时间和空间之间的重叠;以及关系幸福感的三个构建之间的重叠。旧的联系并没有被遗忘,相反,它们演变成了一种不同的形式,从远处为年轻难民提供支持,而新的联系则为他们当前和当前年龄所需要的东西做出了贡献。关系幸福感的体验跨越了他们被破坏的原籍地、旅途经历和在新国家定居之间的时空。在参与者的经历中,关系幸福的概念--感觉良好、相互联系和拥有足够--是密不可分的。结论我们的结论是,这些重叠对理论和实践中的关系幸福方法具有影响。研究结果为研究者和实践者提出了挑战,即开发复杂的研究和干预方法,以捕捉青年难民的关系幸福体验。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Subjective Well-Being in Cuban Civil Protest against the Government: A Moderated Mediation Model 主观幸福感在古巴民间反政府抗议中的作用:调节调解模型
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010041
Arístides A. Vara-Horna, Zaida B. Asencios-Gonzalez, Dennis López-Odar, Marivel Aguirre-Morales, Ingrid Cirilo-Acero
This empirical study sought to understand the drivers behind civil protest participation in authoritarian contexts, explicitly focusing on Cuba. The data were sourced from 658 respondents via online surveys facilitated by CubaData, an independent social research agency specializing in Cuban studies, employing a secure panel system that guarantees the confidentiality and anonymity of participants. Our research primarily investigated the role of satisfaction with government policies in terms of the intention to participate in civil protests, introducing subjective well-being as a moderating variable. Utilizing the Process module of SMART-PLS 4 to emulate Process Model 58 for moderated mediation analysis, we accounted for measurement errors to ensure robust findings. Further controls were incorporated for age and political self-efficacy. The results revealed that subjective well-being significantly moderates the link between satisfaction with government policies and actual participation in civil protests. These findings suggest that the happiness level can change resistance dynamics within authoritarian settings. This research has implications for academic understandings of political behavior in autocratic regimes and practical applications in policy making and activism in Cuba.
这项实证研究旨在了解专制背景下民间抗议参与背后的驱动因素,并明确以古巴为重点。数据来自 658 名受访者,由专门从事古巴研究的独立社会调查机构 CubaData 协助进行的在线调查,采用了安全的面板系统,保证了参与者的保密性和匿名性。我们的研究主要调查了对政府政策的满意度在参与民间抗议活动的意愿方面所起的作用,并引入了主观幸福感作为调节变量。我们利用 SMART-PLS 4 的过程模块来模仿过程模型 58 进行调节中介分析,并考虑了测量误差,以确保研究结果的稳健性。此外,我们还对年龄和政治自我效能进行了控制。结果显示,主观幸福感能显著调节对政府政策的满意度与实际参与民间抗议活动之间的联系。这些研究结果表明,幸福感水平可以改变专制环境下的抵抗动态。这项研究对学术界理解专制制度下的政治行为以及在古巴的政策制定和活动中的实际应用都具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
‘Whose Place of Speech?’ Brazil’s Afro- and Queer-Centric YouTube Channels and the Decentralization of TV Globo’s Telenovela Discourse 谁的话语权?巴西以非洲裔和同性恋为中心的 YouTube 频道与 Globo 电视台电视连续剧话语的去中心化
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010039
Regina Castro McGowan
For several decades, Brazil’s Grupo Globo, which controls radio, TV, and newspaper, served as the hegemonic voice controlling the audio, visual, and narrative dimensions of social phenomena that formed and informed social, political, and cultural attitudes among Brazilians. Of all their divisions, none has been more influential than the TV Globo network. Lately, with the popularization of free access to digital media, such as those offered by YouTube, TV Globo’s viewership has substantially declined. This paper discusses the concept of controlling images to analyze examples of TV Globo’s constructed visual image of the hypersexualized Afro-Brazilian female body in the network’s soap operas. It also analyzes cases of TV Globo’s constructed narrative over another subaltern Brazilian group: the LGBTQIA+ community. Recently, Afro-Brazilian and Queer-centric YouTube channels have attracted subscribers by emphasizing content centered on negritude, gender politics, and place of speech while deconstructing and de-normalizing Eurocentric and patriarchal controlling images. Against examples of TV Globo’s normative discourse of the past decades, the YouTube channels discussed in this paper represent alternative mediums for agency, visibility, and unbiased representations of gender and racial identities in Brazil.
几十年来,巴西的环球集团(Grupo Globo)控制着广播、电视和报纸,成为控制社会现象的音频、视频和叙事层面的霸权声音,形成并影响着巴西人的社会、政治和文化态度。在它们的所有分部中,没有一个比 Globo 电视网更具影响力。最近,随着免费访问数字媒体(如 YouTube 提供的媒体)的普及,TV Globo 的收视率大幅下降。本文讨论了 "控制图像 "的概念,分析了 TV Globo 在其肥皂剧中构建的非洲裔巴西女性身体的超性感视觉形象。它还分析了 Globo 电视台对另一个巴西次等群体--LGBTQIA+群体--进行建构叙事的案例。最近,以非洲裔巴西人和同性恋为中心的 YouTube 频道通过强调以黑人、性别政治和言论场所为中心的内容,同时解构欧洲中心主义和父权制的控制形象并使之非规范化,吸引了大量用户。与 Globo 电视台过去几十年的规范性话语相比,本文讨论的 YouTube 频道代表了巴西性别和种族身份的代理权、可见性和无偏见表述的替代媒介。
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引用次数: 0
Suggesting Context Differences Influence the Impact of Nurses’ Psychological Contracts 环境差异对护士心理契约影响的启示
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010040
J. Rodwell, Julia Ellershaw
Inconsistent findings regarding psychological contracts may be due to the variety of contexts studied. Sensemaking processes inform the psychological contract and may explain contextual differences. This study examines the psychological contract components of promises, fulfillment and breach, with negative affectivity, in relation to employee-level outcomes in two related but different contexts. Surveys were completed by 162 hospital nurses and 218 aged care nurses, in a situation where many potential contextual moderators were held relatively constant. Both fulfillment and breach were significant and predicted multiple outcomes in each context. Similar patterns of results for fulfillment and breach suggests there may simultaneously be two forms of discrepancy mechanism underpinning the impacts of the psychological contract: assessment of continuous discrepancy (fulfillment) and assessment of discontinuous discrepancy (breach). Negative affectivity appears to have prevented relationships, particularly between breach and stress, and should be included in future psychological contract research. The consistent relationships of fulfillment and breach with organizational and occupational commitment highlights the importance of career management. The main differences by context were the negative effects of breach and the lack of an effect for promises for aged care nurses, possibly due to prestige and other differences to be investigated in future research.
有关心理契约的研究结果不一致,可能是由于研究的背景不同。感性认识过程为心理契约提供了信息,可以解释情境差异。本研究在两种相关但不同的情境下,研究了心理契约的承诺、履行和违反以及消极情绪与员工层面的结果之间的关系。162 名医院护士和 218 名老年护理护士完成了调查,在这种情况下,许多潜在的情境调节因素保持相对不变。在每种情况下,满足感和违背感都很重要,并能预测多种结果。履行和违背的结果模式相似,这表明心理契约的影响可能同时存在两种形式的差异机制:连续差异评估(履行)和不连续差异评估(违背)。消极情绪似乎阻碍了相关关系的发展,尤其是违约与压力之间的关系,因此应将其纳入未来的心理契约研究中。履行和违约与组织承诺和职业承诺之间的一致关系突出了职业管理的重要性。不同情况下的主要差异是违约的负面影响和承诺对老年护理护士缺乏影响,这可能是由于声望和其他差异造成的,有待未来研究调查。
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引用次数: 0
Food Insecurity within a Public University and the Role of Food Assistance Programs Amid the Global Pandemic 公立大学中的粮食不安全问题以及粮食援助计划在全球大流行中的作用
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010038
Evansha Andre, Yingru Li, Dapeng Li, J. S. Carter, Amy Donley, Boon Peng Ng
Food insecurity (FI) is a pressing concern among university students in the United States, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated this issue. Providing food assistance for university students has become more challenging due to pandemic-related consequences and interventions. This study aims to (1) analyze social inequalities in FI among university students in a large public university during the pandemic, (2) investigate the association of their utilization of campus, community, and federal food assistance programs (FAPs) and FI, and (3) understand the barriers students face in accessing FAPs. Survey questionnaires were distributed to students to gather their socio-demographics, FI, and usage of FAPs. Logistic regression was utilized to assess the relationship between students’ FI and their use of FAPs. Among the surveyed students (n = 282), 33.7% reported experiencing FI. Higher FI rates were observed among socially vulnerable student groups, for example, non-Hispanic Black (62.5%) and Hispanic students (38.7%), compared with non-Hispanic White students (32.1%). FAPs had a limited influence on students’ FI due to low utilization. The primary barriers to FAPs were insufficient information, ineligibility, and social stigma. The findings suggest it is crucial to reduce barriers to using FAPs and develop targeted interventions for marginalized students to address inequalities in FI.
粮食不安全 (FI) 是美国大学生迫切关注的问题,而 COVID-19 大流行则加剧了这一问题。由于与大流行病相关的后果和干预措施,为大学生提供食物援助变得更具挑战性。本研究旨在:(1)分析大流行病期间一所大型公立大学的大学生在食物援助方面的社会不平等现象;(2)调查他们利用校园、社区和联邦食物援助计划(FAPs)与食物援助之间的关联;(3)了解学生在获取食物援助计划时面临的障碍。我们向学生发放了调查问卷,以收集他们的社会人口统计数据、FI 和对 FAPs 的使用情况。利用逻辑回归法评估了学生的家庭收入与他们使用家庭协助计划之间的关系。在接受调查的学生(n = 282)中,有 33.7% 的学生表示有过 FI。与非西班牙裔白人学生(32.1%)相比,社会弱势学生群体的FI比率更高,例如非西班牙裔黑人学生(62.5%)和西班牙裔学生(38.7%)。由于使用率低,家庭行动计划对学生家庭收入的影响有限。获得家庭援助计划的主要障碍是信息不足、不符合条件和社会耻辱感。研究结果表明,必须减少使用《家庭行动计划》的障碍,并为边缘化学生制定有针对性的干预措施,以解决家庭收入不平等的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Expanding Possibilities for Inclusive Research: Learning from People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities and Decolonising Research 拓展包容性研究的可能性:向智力和多重残疾人士学习,实现研究的非殖民化
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-01-07 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010037
Joanna Grace, M. Nind, C. de Haas, Joanna Hope
This paper pursues the argument that finding a way for people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities to belong in inclusive research requires starting from a deep knowledge of the people in question. This paper illustrates this idea in action showing what can be possible from building research around ‘being with’ people with profound intellectual disabilities, creating intersubjective knowledge together. It follows the journey of fostering a relational research space that a young person with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities can occupy, their assenting to share the space and ensuing exploring together in embodied ways. Small stories show where this particular open road of inclusive research can lead. The analysis interacts with provocations from decolonising research that demand respect for wider ways of knowing, doing research and being human. The paper invites reflection on the ways in which research needs to be deconstructed to be inclusive for all.
本文的论点是,要想在包容性研究中为深度智障和多重残疾人士找到归属感,就必须从对相关人士的深入了解入手。本文以实际行动诠释了这一观点,展示了围绕 "与深度智障人士在一起 "开展研究、共同创造主体间知识的可能性。本文讲述了如何为深度智障和多重残疾的年轻人创造一个关系研究空间,让他们同意分享这个空间,并随后以具体的方式共同探索。小故事展示了包容性研究这条特殊的开放之路可以通向何方。本文的分析与非殖民化研究提出的质疑相互影响,这些质疑要求尊重更广泛的认知、研究和做人方式。本文希望大家反思研究工作需要如何解构,以实现对所有人的包容性。
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引用次数: 0
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