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Trust, Corruption, and Tax Compliance in Fragile States: On a Quest for Transforming Africa into Future Global Powerhouse 脆弱国家的信任、腐败与税收合规:寻求将非洲转变为未来的全球强国
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010003
H. G. Gebrihet, Y. H. Gebresilassie, G. Woldu
This study explores the complex relationship between trust, corruption, and tax compliance in fragile states. It examines factors influencing public trust in three government branches: the ruling party (a proxy for the executive), the parliament, and the local government, and examines whether trust in these arms of government impacts tax compliance. We conducted this investigation using Afrobarometer survey data from Guinea, Mali, Sudan, and Zimbabwe as case studies. The study found that restoring public trust and promoting tax compliance are tangible outcomes arising from a steadfast commitment to electoral integrity, transparency, and accountability. This interplay becomes more vital within the framework of state fragility, where institutions are highly strained. The study highlighted that the existence of rampant corruption reduces trust in the ruling party, parliament, and local government council. Furthermore, the joint interaction between corruption and lack of trust significantly undermines the willingness of taxpayers to adhere to tax administration laws. These insights emphasise that combating corruption becomes not only a governance step but also vital to state stability. Thus, African governments should prioritise electoral integrity and combat corruption through enhanced accountability to pave the way for improved governance, enhanced trust, and a more stable path toward a global powerhouse.
本研究探讨了脆弱国家中信任、腐败和纳税遵从之间的复杂关系。本研究探讨了影响公众对执政党(行政部门的代表)、议会和地方政府这三个政府部门信任度的因素,并研究了对这些政府部门的信任度是否会影响纳税遵从度。我们将几内亚、马里、苏丹和津巴布韦的非洲晴雨表调查数据作为案例进行了研究。研究发现,恢复公众信任和促进纳税遵从是对选举诚信、透明度和问责制的坚定承诺所产生的切实成果。在国家脆弱、机构高度紧张的情况下,这种相互作用变得更加重要。研究强调,腐败猖獗会降低人们对执政党、议会和地方政府委员会的信任。此外,腐败和缺乏信任之间的共同作用大大削弱了纳税人遵守税收征管法律的意愿。这些观点强调,打击腐败不仅是一项治理措施,而且对国家稳定至关重要。因此,非洲各国政府应优先考虑选举廉正,并通过加强问责制来打击腐败,从而为改善治理、增强信任以及更稳定地迈向全球强国铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
“Non-Traditional” Parents in Contemporary Societies 当代社会中的 "非传统 "父母
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.3390/socsci13010002
Silvia Di Battista, M. Pivetti
The term “family” is derived from the Latin word “famĭlia”, that, in turn, originates from “famŭlus” (i [...]
家庭 "一词来源于拉丁语 "famĭlia",而 "famĭlia "又来源于 "famŭlus"(即"......")。
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引用次数: 0
Powerful Knowledge in Social Studies Subjects—Challenges and Possibilities: A Problematizing Approach—Introduction 社会研究学科中的强大知识--挑战与可能性:问题化方法--导言
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/socsci12120689
Olof Franck, C. Osbeck
Issues relating to the design of knowledge-based teaching in social studies subjects are always topical and it is important to discuss them in light of both research and pedagogical practice [...]
与社会研究学科知识为基础的教学设计有关的问题始终是热门话题,根据研究和教学实践来讨论这些问题非常重要 [...]
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing the Competitiveness of the Show Business Industry for Cultural Export as a Means of Creative Economy Development and Tourism Promotion in the Future New Normal Era: The Case of Thailand 提高文化出口表演业的竞争力,作为未来新常态时代发展创意经济和促进旅游业的手段:泰国案例
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/socsci12120690
Chayapoj Lee-Anant, T. Choibamroong, Boonnawat Srikhwan
The tourism industry is considered the greatest economic generator in Thailand. Nonetheless, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic thoroughly shifted its image of tourism stability and trustworthiness. The show business industry is an element of Thai tourism that attracts more than a million tourists nationwide. The show business industry not only attracts quality multinational tourists as visitors, but also indirectly establishes ‘soft power’ with audiences. This research aimed to (1) study the alternative future scenario of Thailand’s cultural show business industry with respect to cultural export and the creative economy; (2) determine the competitive potential of Thailand’s show business industry by comparing it with the global show business industry; (3) examine the market demands and behaviors within Thailand’s cultural show business industry for cultural export and the creative economy; and (4) present a strategy for elevating the competitive potential of the show business industry for cultural export, promoting a creative economy and fostering tourism in the post-pandemic ‘New Normal’ era. The results of this study found that the ‘Alternative Future Scenario’ of Thailand’s cultural performance industry with respect to cultural exports and the creative economy consists of three scenarios: (1) a mass show business tourism industry, (2) an exclusive show business tourism industry, and (3) a new mega show business tourism industry. It also revealed the competitive potential of the Thai show business industry. By comparing it with the international performing arts industry in terms of competitiveness, it was found that the show business industry in Thailand meets world-class standards. Given its clear, outstanding, and unique culture and traditions, Thailand is ready to serve as a major cultural exporter via cultural performance. Furthermore, the data analysis revealed a total of 10 significant strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of the show business industry in Thailand.
旅游业被认为是泰国最大的经济来源。然而,COVID-19 大流行病的影响彻底改变了其旅游业稳定和值得信赖的形象。演艺业是泰国旅游业的一个组成部分,吸引了全国 100 多万游客。演艺业不仅吸引了高质量的跨国游客,还间接地与观众建立了 "软实力"。本研究旨在:(1) 研究泰国文化演艺业在文化出口和创意经济方面的另一种未来情景;(2) 通过与全球演艺业的比较,确定泰国演艺业的竞争潜力;(3) 研究泰国文化演艺业在文化出口和创意经济方面的市场需求和行为;(4) 提出在后流行病 "新常态 "时代提升演艺业在文化出口方面的竞争潜力、促进创意经济和旅游业发展的战略。研究结果发现,泰国文化演出业在文化出口和创意经济方面的 "另一种未来情景 "包括三种情况:(1) 大众演艺旅游业,(2) 独家演艺旅游业,(3) 新的超大型演艺旅游业。研究还揭示了泰国演艺业的竞争潜力。通过与国际演艺产业竞争力的比较,发现泰国的演艺产业达到了世界级标准。泰国的文化和传统清晰、优秀、独特,可以通过文化表演成为主要的文化输出国。此外,数据分析还揭示了提高泰国演艺业竞争力的 10 项重要战略。
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引用次数: 0
Angels at the Top, Rocks at the Bottom: Naturalized Inequality in Brazilian Conservative Thought 天使在上,石头在下:巴西保守主义思想中的自然化不平等
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/socsci12120692
Georg Wink
Racialized social inequality is considered a structural problem in Brazil and has been a political priority of recent progressist governments. This understanding is not backed up by the so-called New Right, who understands inequality as an inherent principle of a God-given “order” and question of personal capability and merit. In this study, I explore the ideological roots of this powerful Rightist narrative by looking at the Brazilian canon of traditional conservative thought and its influence on New Right discourse. The results show that the core ideas stem from neo-Thomist interpretations of late-scholastic scholarship, which were promoted in Brazil through the Vatican’s integrist reaction to modernization during the First Republic. Since then, Brazilian conservatives have successfully used these religious legitimizations of naturalized inequality to constrain State-driven social reformism and join forces with neoliberalism through the invention of the supposed late scholastic roots of the Austrian School of Economics. After redemocratization, a recycled version of this liberal-conservative claim for less “State” and more “Brazil” (as guided by theocratic traditional order), promoted mainly by the philosopher and online influencer Olavo de Carvalho, has fueled the desecularizing discourse of the New Right and their attempt to conserve the colonial social hierarchy in Brazil.
种族化的社会不平等被认为是巴西的一个结构性问题,也是近期进步主义政府的一个政治优先事项。所谓的 "新右派 "并不支持这种理解,他们认为不平等是上帝赋予的 "秩序 "的固有原则,是个人能力和优点的问题。在本研究中,我通过研究巴西传统保守主义思想及其对新右派言论的影响,探讨了这一强大右派言论的思想根源。研究结果表明,其核心思想源于新托马斯主义对晚期经院哲学的诠释,这种诠释在第一共和国时期通过梵蒂冈对现代化的一体化反应在巴西得到推广。从那时起,巴西的保守派就成功地利用这些将不平等自然化的宗教合法化来限制国家推动的社会改革主义,并通过发明所谓的奥地利经济学派的晚期学派根源来与新自由主义联合。在重新民主化之后,这种自由保守派关于减少 "国家"、增加 "巴西"(在神权传统秩序的指导下)的主张的再造版本,主要由哲学家和网络影响者奥拉沃-德-卡瓦略(Olavo de Carvalho)推动,助长了新右翼的去世俗化言论,以及他们在巴西维护殖民社会等级制度的企图。
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引用次数: 0
Providing Consumer Credit to Low-Income Populations in Brazil—The Case of Complexo da Penha 向巴西低收入人群提供消费信贷--Complexo da Penha 案例
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.3390/socsci12120691
Danielle Santanna
The financial inclusion (FI) literature claims that expanding access of the poor to consumer credit in the formal financial system is an instrument to alleviate poverty. This view has been increasingly challenged by the financialization literature, which highlights unsustainable indebtedness of low-income borrowers following the introduction of FI policies. While a welcome contribution and antidote to mainstream assessments, much of the financialization literature on Brazil has, to date, focused on a macro-oriented analysis. As a major testing ground for FI, a better understanding of these dynamics in Latin America’s largest country deepens our understanding of the socio-economic consequences of inserting poor populations into the financial system. This paper contributes to the financialization literature by drawing on interviews conducted in a Rio de Janeiro slum to understand how debt dynamics operate in everyday life, along with its structural conditioners. It shows that FI policies provide limited consumption smoothing and instead increase the structural vulnerability of low-income households. Wage and welfare support along with greater oversight and control of financial products supplied to low-income borrowers are warranted.
金融包容性(FI)文献声称,扩大穷人在正规金融体系中获得消费信贷的机会是一种扶贫手段。这种观点日益受到金融化文献的质疑,因为金融化文献强调,在引入金融包容性政策后,低收入借款人的债务是不可持续的。尽管这是对主流评估的贡献和反驳,但迄今为止,关于巴西的金融化文献大多侧重于宏观分析。作为金融创新的主要试验场,更好地了解拉丁美洲最大国家的这些动态,可以加深我们对将贫困人口纳入金融体系的社会经济后果的理解。本文利用在里约热内卢贫民窟进行的访谈,了解债务动态在日常生活中的运作及其结构性条件,为金融化文献做出了贡献。它表明,金融投资政策只能提供有限的消费平滑,反而会增加低收入家庭的结构脆弱性。有必要提供工资和福利支持,同时加强对提供给低收入借款人的金融产品的监督和控制。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Media in Risk Management Processes—Analysis of the News Coverage of the Forest Fires in Spain 媒体在风险管理过程中的作用--对西班牙森林火灾新闻报道的分析
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.3390/socsci12120688
Ariadna Rodríguez-Teijeiro, Laura Román-Masedo
This paper focuses on the analysis of information on environmental catastrophes published in the digital editions of different national and regional newspapers, from a theoretical perspective that situates them as possible amplifiers of the social perception of risk or generators of alarm among the population in situations of risk or catastrophe. Within this framework, the general objective of the research was to find out to what extent the analysed media (a) transmit specialized, accurate, truthful and contrasted information that moves away from the characteristics of sensationalist news; (b) are useful sources of information for the public in the face of the possibility that they may act as generators of confusion and biased perceptions; and (c) show “communication gaps” in their news in relation to two cases of forest fires in Spain: the fires in Galicia in 2017 and those in Gran Canaria in 2019. The results obtained highlight the need for the media to make an effort to transmit truthful and useful communication for citizens in situations of crisis or catastrophe.
本文从理论角度出发,重点分析了不同国家和地区报纸数字版上发布的有关环境灾难的信 息,将其视为风险或灾难情况下社会风险意识的放大器或民众警报的触发器。在这一框架内,研究的总体目标是找出所分析的媒体在多大程度上:(a) 传播专业、准确、真实和具有对比性的信息,摆脱煽情新闻的特征;(b) 在可能造成混乱和偏见的情况下,成为公众有用的信息来源;(c) 在与西班牙两起森林火灾(2017 年加利西亚火灾和 2019 年大加那利岛火灾)相关的新闻中显示出 "传播差距"。得出的结果突出表明,在危机或灾难情况下,媒体需要努力为公民传播真实、有用的信息。
{"title":"The Role of Media in Risk Management Processes—Analysis of the News Coverage of the Forest Fires in Spain","authors":"Ariadna Rodríguez-Teijeiro, Laura Román-Masedo","doi":"10.3390/socsci12120688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120688","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the analysis of information on environmental catastrophes published in the digital editions of different national and regional newspapers, from a theoretical perspective that situates them as possible amplifiers of the social perception of risk or generators of alarm among the population in situations of risk or catastrophe. Within this framework, the general objective of the research was to find out to what extent the analysed media (a) transmit specialized, accurate, truthful and contrasted information that moves away from the characteristics of sensationalist news; (b) are useful sources of information for the public in the face of the possibility that they may act as generators of confusion and biased perceptions; and (c) show “communication gaps” in their news in relation to two cases of forest fires in Spain: the fires in Galicia in 2017 and those in Gran Canaria in 2019. The results obtained highlight the need for the media to make an effort to transmit truthful and useful communication for citizens in situations of crisis or catastrophe.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Highly Educated Women: Exploring Barriers and Strategies for Labour Integration in an Emotional Migratory Process 受过高等教育的妇女:探索情感迁移过程中劳动力融入的障碍和策略
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.3390/socsci12120687
Concepcion Maiztegui Onate, Maria Luisa Di Martino, I. Aristegui
This article explores the barriers and the strategies of a group of highly educated foreign women to obtain a job-education matching situation in the Basque Country (Spain) where they all permanently settled following a binational heterosexual marriage. Drawing on 21 biographical interviews with women from Latin America and Europe, we examine new perspectives on the complexity and fluidity between their professional pathways and family projects. For that, we apply an intersectional lens to analyse their life experience. Our results show that respondents involved in a feminised labour market (education and health) have fewer difficulties to find a job-education match. In other cases, becoming self-employed is a way to gain independence and flexibility by running an open market-oriented business. Interviewees identified language, lack of personal networks, family reconciliation, traditional gender roles and the transferring of cultural capital as the main barriers for their incorporation into the labour market. The study finds that marriage support is not enough to overcome the barriers. We argue that for a more comprehensive understanding of labour integration of highly educated migrant women, motivation and agency, linked to family support, should be considered factors to cope with structural inequalities.
本文探讨了一群受过高等教育的外国女性在巴斯克地区(西班牙)获得工作与教育匹配的障碍和策略,她们都是在两国异性婚姻后永久定居于此。通过对 21 位拉丁美洲和欧洲女性的传记访谈,我们从新的视角审视了她们职业道路和家庭计划之间的复杂性和流动性。为此,我们运用交叉视角来分析她们的生活经历。我们的研究结果表明,参与女性化劳动力市场(教育和医疗)的受访者在寻找工作与教育匹配方面遇到的困难较少。在其他情况下,成为自营职业者是通过经营面向市场的开放型企业来获得独立性和灵活性的一种方式。受访者认为,语言、缺乏人际网络、家庭和解、传统性别角色和文化资本转移是他们融入劳动力市场的主要障碍。研究发现,婚姻支持不足以克服这些障碍。我们认为,为了更全面地了解受过高等教育的移民妇女融入劳动力市场的情况,应将与家庭支持有关的动机和能动性作为应对结构性不平等的因素。
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引用次数: 0
A Psychosocial Comparative Analysis of Woman in Islam and Woman in Feminism 伊斯兰教妇女与女权主义妇女的社会心理比较分析
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.11648/j.ss.20231206.17
Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman
{"title":"A Psychosocial Comparative Analysis of Woman in Islam and Woman in Feminism","authors":"Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman","doi":"10.11648/j.ss.20231206.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20231206.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Promises and Pitfalls of Intersectional Politics: The Black Coalition for Rights in Brazil 跨部门政治的承诺与陷阱:巴西黑人权利联盟
IF 1.7 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.3390/socsci12120684
Sérgio Costa, Flavia Rios, Fernando Baldraia
Based on evidence collected in a collaborative research project, this article studies the Black Coalition for Rights created in Brazil in 2019. Compared to previous experiences of antiracist struggles in Brazil, the Coalition stands out for its decentralized organization, its ability to convey political content through adequate aesthetic forms, its capillarity in the domestic sphere, and its transnational articulations. Equally striking is its intersectional character understood as both the emphasis on the transversal character of racism and the stress of the interdependent character of social struggles against different forms of inequalities (with regard to gender, race, class, etc.). The Coalition has so far proven to be particularly successful in terms of its mobilization capacity, its public visibility, and its agenda-setting power. According to our preliminary findings, its success can be explained, to a great extent, by its ability to vocalize a broad set of political claims and, consequently, to fill the gap left by other civil society actors demobilized by the far right-wing backlash in Brazil and the pandemic. Since January 2023, in the context of a new progressive government, the Coalition has started facing difficulties in preserving its intersectional and socially encompassing character.
本文以合作研究项目中收集的证据为基础,研究了 2019 年在巴西成立的黑人权利联盟。与巴西以往的反种族主义斗争经验相比,该联盟因其分散的组织结构、通过适当的美学形式传达政治内容的能力、在国内领域的可塑性以及跨国衔接而脱颖而出。同样引人注目的是它的交叉性,即强调种族主义的横向性,又强调反对不同形式不平等(性别、种族、阶级等)的社会斗争的相互依存性。迄今为止,该联盟在其动员能力、公众知名度和制定议程的能力方面都证明是特别 成功的。根据我们的初步研究结果,该联盟的成功在很大程度上是因为它有能力表达一系列广泛的政治诉求,从而填补了因巴西极右翼反弹和大流行病而被遣散的其他民间社会行动者所留下的空白。自 2023 年 1 月以来,在新一届进步政府的背景下,联盟在保持其交叉性和社会包 容性方面开始面临困难。
{"title":"Promises and Pitfalls of Intersectional Politics: The Black Coalition for Rights in Brazil","authors":"Sérgio Costa, Flavia Rios, Fernando Baldraia","doi":"10.3390/socsci12120684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120684","url":null,"abstract":"Based on evidence collected in a collaborative research project, this article studies the Black Coalition for Rights created in Brazil in 2019. Compared to previous experiences of antiracist struggles in Brazil, the Coalition stands out for its decentralized organization, its ability to convey political content through adequate aesthetic forms, its capillarity in the domestic sphere, and its transnational articulations. Equally striking is its intersectional character understood as both the emphasis on the transversal character of racism and the stress of the interdependent character of social struggles against different forms of inequalities (with regard to gender, race, class, etc.). The Coalition has so far proven to be particularly successful in terms of its mobilization capacity, its public visibility, and its agenda-setting power. According to our preliminary findings, its success can be explained, to a great extent, by its ability to vocalize a broad set of political claims and, consequently, to fill the gap left by other civil society actors demobilized by the far right-wing backlash in Brazil and the pandemic. Since January 2023, in the context of a new progressive government, the Coalition has started facing difficulties in preserving its intersectional and socially encompassing character.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"85 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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