This article presents the binary gender norm (BGN) as an active and lively concept. To show how gender happens and manifests more as an entanglement than as individual cases in particular communities or locations, the study examines this operation in the context of six apparently unrelated case studies produced simultaneously between 2019 and 2021. Addressing the topics of wine production, biosociocultural indicators, reggaeton, masculinities, normality in schools, and water management, these case studies help show how the binary gender norm maintains itself in invisible ways and responds to any methodological practice employed. How does gender persist as an implacable force that produces stigmatized differences among humans, and why does it seem normal? How is it that, despite all the sophisticated theories and research practices, the binary gender norm finds a way to become gender again? The binary gender norm is familiar but illogical; it is also mutable, sympathetic, and playful. Situated in post-humanist thinking, this article presents a theoretical and methodological discussion on how the binary gender norm shapes itself to continue framing lives.
{"title":"The Vitality of the Binary Gender Norm: The Entanglements of Wine Production, Biosociocultural Indicators, Reggaeton, Masculinities, Normality in Schools, and Water Management","authors":"Claudia Matus","doi":"10.3390/socsci12120658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120658","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the binary gender norm (BGN) as an active and lively concept. To show how gender happens and manifests more as an entanglement than as individual cases in particular communities or locations, the study examines this operation in the context of six apparently unrelated case studies produced simultaneously between 2019 and 2021. Addressing the topics of wine production, biosociocultural indicators, reggaeton, masculinities, normality in schools, and water management, these case studies help show how the binary gender norm maintains itself in invisible ways and responds to any methodological practice employed. How does gender persist as an implacable force that produces stigmatized differences among humans, and why does it seem normal? How is it that, despite all the sophisticated theories and research practices, the binary gender norm finds a way to become gender again? The binary gender norm is familiar but illogical; it is also mutable, sympathetic, and playful. Situated in post-humanist thinking, this article presents a theoretical and methodological discussion on how the binary gender norm shapes itself to continue framing lives.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139221459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wagner Pralon Mancuso, Vanessa Elias de Oliveira, Bruno Wilhelm Speck, Rodrigo Rossi Horochovski
The electoral court is a specialized branch of the Brazilian judiciary that not only organizes and regulates elections in the country but also resolves conflicts between political actors involved in the electoral process. The (mis)use of money in electoral campaigns is one of the causes of the judicialization of electoral processes in Brazil. In fact, among many other reasons, such judicialization can occur when actors in the electoral process (candidates, parties, and party coalitions) are accused, either by their opponents and/or by the Electoral Public Prosecutor’s Office, of irregularities such as abuse of economic power, illegal fundraising or expenditure of electoral resources, electoral corruption, or falsification of the campaign’s accounting records. Through the study of electoral lawsuits filed between 2008 and 2016 against mayoral candidates, this work has two objectives: (i) to dimension the importance of the relationship between money and politics as a cause of the judicialization of electoral processes in Brazilian local elections and (ii) to characterize the candidates that appear as defendants in electoral lawsuits filed by that cause.
{"title":"Money in Electoral Campaigns: The Relationship between Money and Politics as a Cause of the Judicialization of Electoral Processes in Brazil","authors":"Wagner Pralon Mancuso, Vanessa Elias de Oliveira, Bruno Wilhelm Speck, Rodrigo Rossi Horochovski","doi":"10.3390/socsci12120656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120656","url":null,"abstract":"The electoral court is a specialized branch of the Brazilian judiciary that not only organizes and regulates elections in the country but also resolves conflicts between political actors involved in the electoral process. The (mis)use of money in electoral campaigns is one of the causes of the judicialization of electoral processes in Brazil. In fact, among many other reasons, such judicialization can occur when actors in the electoral process (candidates, parties, and party coalitions) are accused, either by their opponents and/or by the Electoral Public Prosecutor’s Office, of irregularities such as abuse of economic power, illegal fundraising or expenditure of electoral resources, electoral corruption, or falsification of the campaign’s accounting records. Through the study of electoral lawsuits filed between 2008 and 2016 against mayoral candidates, this work has two objectives: (i) to dimension the importance of the relationship between money and politics as a cause of the judicialization of electoral processes in Brazilian local elections and (ii) to characterize the candidates that appear as defendants in electoral lawsuits filed by that cause.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Sofyan, Naili Farida, Rina Martini, Dewi Erowati
This study aims to portray the political representation of minorities using discourse analysis as a tool to analyse the 2019 legislative election in Bali province. Bali is a province with the largest Hindu population in Indonesia. It is necessary for minority groups to take strategic steps to express their participation and existence in political contestation. The power of language and the strength of minority political candidates have led to successful competition for seats in the legislature. The ethnically and religiously heterogeneous electorate sympathized with the candidate. Using a linguistic semiotic approach, the analysis results are obtained, and the use of language as a representation of Muslim power is aimed at the diction of “Khadimul Ummah”, or servant of the public. While this study uses a qualitative approach to semiotic analysis, the diction of servant of the public is interpreted using a binary opposition approach. The results of this study show that language creates its identity and becomes a figure of interest to the Balinese people as a representation of Indonesian legislative members in the electoral district of Bali. For most people in Bali, there is a belief that this diction is something that strengthens inter-religious harmony between societies. The significance of this study lies in the fact that language may have symbolic power for both ethnic minority and majority groups.
{"title":"Language and Power: How Democracy and Pluralism Shape Patterns of Minority Political Representation in Bali, Indonesia","authors":"Nur Sofyan, Naili Farida, Rina Martini, Dewi Erowati","doi":"10.3390/socsci12120657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120657","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to portray the political representation of minorities using discourse analysis as a tool to analyse the 2019 legislative election in Bali province. Bali is a province with the largest Hindu population in Indonesia. It is necessary for minority groups to take strategic steps to express their participation and existence in political contestation. The power of language and the strength of minority political candidates have led to successful competition for seats in the legislature. The ethnically and religiously heterogeneous electorate sympathized with the candidate. Using a linguistic semiotic approach, the analysis results are obtained, and the use of language as a representation of Muslim power is aimed at the diction of “Khadimul Ummah”, or servant of the public. While this study uses a qualitative approach to semiotic analysis, the diction of servant of the public is interpreted using a binary opposition approach. The results of this study show that language creates its identity and becomes a figure of interest to the Balinese people as a representation of Indonesian legislative members in the electoral district of Bali. For most people in Bali, there is a belief that this diction is something that strengthens inter-religious harmony between societies. The significance of this study lies in the fact that language may have symbolic power for both ethnic minority and majority groups.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The past two decades have yielded a large body of literature that uncovered an unfortunate reality: sexual victimization is more prevalent than previously thought. This body of literature has also indicated a number of the negative consequences of experiencing sexual victimization, including mental illness, substance abuse, and sexual dysfunction. Recent research has also indicated that sexual victimization may lead to hypersexuality. What has yet to be researched is how other negative consequences of sexual victimization, such as substance abuse, may contribute to elevated levels of hypersexuality. Since these behaviors are associated with experiencing future instances of sexual violence, it is important to understand the relationship between these factors. The purpose of the current study is to address this gap in the research by examining whether alcohol use mediates the effect between sexual victimization and hypersexuality. Results indicate that alcohol use does partially mediate the relationship between sexual victimization and hypersexuality, but that sexual victimization still accounts for a significant amount of variation with respect to hypersexuality. These findings indicate that sexual victimization experiences may lead some to engage in problematic coping behaviors, such as risky sexual behavior and increased alcohol consumption, which may place individuals at an increased risk of future victimization experiences.
{"title":"Sexual Victimization and Hypersexuality in College Women: Examining Alcohol Use as a Potential Mediator","authors":"Ethan A. Marshall","doi":"10.3390/socsci12120654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120654","url":null,"abstract":"The past two decades have yielded a large body of literature that uncovered an unfortunate reality: sexual victimization is more prevalent than previously thought. This body of literature has also indicated a number of the negative consequences of experiencing sexual victimization, including mental illness, substance abuse, and sexual dysfunction. Recent research has also indicated that sexual victimization may lead to hypersexuality. What has yet to be researched is how other negative consequences of sexual victimization, such as substance abuse, may contribute to elevated levels of hypersexuality. Since these behaviors are associated with experiencing future instances of sexual violence, it is important to understand the relationship between these factors. The purpose of the current study is to address this gap in the research by examining whether alcohol use mediates the effect between sexual victimization and hypersexuality. Results indicate that alcohol use does partially mediate the relationship between sexual victimization and hypersexuality, but that sexual victimization still accounts for a significant amount of variation with respect to hypersexuality. These findings indicate that sexual victimization experiences may lead some to engage in problematic coping behaviors, such as risky sexual behavior and increased alcohol consumption, which may place individuals at an increased risk of future victimization experiences.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A large amount of research is dedicated to the measurement of immigration trends and integration processes, but comparative studies of the components of immigrants’ well-being are rare. This paper investigates the link between the length of stay and the subjective well-being (SWB) of immigrants. A step-by-step regression method is used to understand interactions between different individual- and macro-level factors in the life satisfaction of immigrants. The results of the European Social Survey (ESS) show that the effect of length of stay on SWB is mitigated by numerous individual- and country-level variables. After all background variables are considered, newly arrived immigrants and those who have been in the new country for more than 20 years had a similar life satisfaction to that of the local-born population. Immigrants with 10 to 20 years’ experience in the country seem to have lower life satisfaction than the local-born population. The SWB of different immigrant groups is shaped by cultural background, economic coping, number of social contacts, perception of discrimination, and democracy. These factors influence the life satisfaction of migrants with different lengths of stay differently. The most vulnerable immigrant groups in Europe are those from Africa region.
{"title":"Life Satisfaction of Immigrants and Length of Stay in the New Country","authors":"M. Ainsaar","doi":"10.3390/socsci12120655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120655","url":null,"abstract":"A large amount of research is dedicated to the measurement of immigration trends and integration processes, but comparative studies of the components of immigrants’ well-being are rare. This paper investigates the link between the length of stay and the subjective well-being (SWB) of immigrants. A step-by-step regression method is used to understand interactions between different individual- and macro-level factors in the life satisfaction of immigrants. The results of the European Social Survey (ESS) show that the effect of length of stay on SWB is mitigated by numerous individual- and country-level variables. After all background variables are considered, newly arrived immigrants and those who have been in the new country for more than 20 years had a similar life satisfaction to that of the local-born population. Immigrants with 10 to 20 years’ experience in the country seem to have lower life satisfaction than the local-born population. The SWB of different immigrant groups is shaped by cultural background, economic coping, number of social contacts, perception of discrimination, and democracy. These factors influence the life satisfaction of migrants with different lengths of stay differently. The most vulnerable immigrant groups in Europe are those from Africa region.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"12 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-24DOI: 10.11648/j.ss.20231206.12
Jiawei Zhao
{"title":"Engels' Critical Thought on Space and Its Contemporary Value —— Perspectives Based on <i>The Condition of the Working-Class in England</i>","authors":"Jiawei Zhao","doi":"10.11648/j.ss.20231206.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20231206.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marriage is a cultural heritage based on a social system that forms certain habits. Generational differences in families often lead to diverse orientations and values regarding wedding rituals. Both mothers and daughters undertake Javanese marriage preparation, which may conflict with what they desire the marriage ceremony to include. These relationships are conflictual in preparing for the event because they involve two generations. This study aims to explore the communication that occurs between mothers and daughters in preparation for a wedding and is analyzed through a communication accommodation process lens. This study uses a qualitative approach, with in-depth interviews and observation as data collection techniques. A data analysis is conducted using thematic analysis techniques. The results indicate the existence of two contexts: the communication accommodation that takes place produces convergence that can solve problems between generations, and generational differences caused by changes in social culture cause differences in communication styles. The findings indicate that (1) marriage is a synchronous part of socializing for both mothers and daughters and (2) the emerging differences refer more to technical aspects. These findings show differences between generations in interpreting various things related to traditional weddings.
{"title":"The Accommodation of Communication in the Family as an Adjustment of Cultural Values between Generations","authors":"B. P. Wahyuningtyas, D. Asteria, Sunarto","doi":"10.3390/socsci12120653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120653","url":null,"abstract":"Marriage is a cultural heritage based on a social system that forms certain habits. Generational differences in families often lead to diverse orientations and values regarding wedding rituals. Both mothers and daughters undertake Javanese marriage preparation, which may conflict with what they desire the marriage ceremony to include. These relationships are conflictual in preparing for the event because they involve two generations. This study aims to explore the communication that occurs between mothers and daughters in preparation for a wedding and is analyzed through a communication accommodation process lens. This study uses a qualitative approach, with in-depth interviews and observation as data collection techniques. A data analysis is conducted using thematic analysis techniques. The results indicate the existence of two contexts: the communication accommodation that takes place produces convergence that can solve problems between generations, and generational differences caused by changes in social culture cause differences in communication styles. The findings indicate that (1) marriage is a synchronous part of socializing for both mothers and daughters and (2) the emerging differences refer more to technical aspects. These findings show differences between generations in interpreting various things related to traditional weddings.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139240537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theatre is the modern liminoid equivalent of ritual liminality, according to Victor Turner. It is also, like most arts, a Janus-faced phenomenon: on one hand, it is a way to systematically infect the public with mimetic desire and rivalry (this is the aspect emphasised, quite rightly, by Plato and René Girard); on the other, it also enables the public expression of views about the contemporary state of social and political life that otherwise would be difficult to speak about, or even censored. As an example, this article will turn to the 1970s in Hungary, when the communist regime had become much softened, though at the same time generated the impression, in everyone, that it would last forever. More concretely, it will first shortly present and analyse the quite unique story of the Kaposvár theatre, which during the decade changed, through a peculiar combination of ‘liminal’ factors, from a boring provincial spectacle to the number one theatrical event of the country, avidly followed by students and intellectuals, especially from the capital. An epilogue is devoted to the masterly article by Elemér Hankiss, the most important and influential intellectual living then in Hungary who became, for a time, the consensus president of the Hungarian Television after the collapse of communism. It exposes the infantilising character of communist power by analysing a series of theatrical performances staged in a leading Budapest theatre in the late 1970s. Infantile adults are evidently caught in a permanent liminality, so Hankiss shows how theatre indeed was a main instrument in diagnosing the worst aspect of life under communist rule, its permanent liminality, reinforcing uncertainty and hopelessness.
{"title":"Coping with Permanent Liminality: Social Understanding and Action through Theatre in Late Communist Hungary","authors":"A. Szakolczai","doi":"10.3390/socsci12120652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120652","url":null,"abstract":"Theatre is the modern liminoid equivalent of ritual liminality, according to Victor Turner. It is also, like most arts, a Janus-faced phenomenon: on one hand, it is a way to systematically infect the public with mimetic desire and rivalry (this is the aspect emphasised, quite rightly, by Plato and René Girard); on the other, it also enables the public expression of views about the contemporary state of social and political life that otherwise would be difficult to speak about, or even censored. As an example, this article will turn to the 1970s in Hungary, when the communist regime had become much softened, though at the same time generated the impression, in everyone, that it would last forever. More concretely, it will first shortly present and analyse the quite unique story of the Kaposvár theatre, which during the decade changed, through a peculiar combination of ‘liminal’ factors, from a boring provincial spectacle to the number one theatrical event of the country, avidly followed by students and intellectuals, especially from the capital. An epilogue is devoted to the masterly article by Elemér Hankiss, the most important and influential intellectual living then in Hungary who became, for a time, the consensus president of the Hungarian Television after the collapse of communism. It exposes the infantilising character of communist power by analysing a series of theatrical performances staged in a leading Budapest theatre in the late 1970s. Infantile adults are evidently caught in a permanent liminality, so Hankiss shows how theatre indeed was a main instrument in diagnosing the worst aspect of life under communist rule, its permanent liminality, reinforcing uncertainty and hopelessness.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This theoretical opinion paper responds to the existing colonial hegemony in university classrooms. The study is underpinned by decoloniality with objectives to conceptualise decoloniality as a theoretical lens for classroom management and to present the assumptions of decoloniality as an effective classroom management system in universities. The study is located within a transformative worldview, and the argument was analysed using conceptual analysis as a tool to make sense of the argument deductively. The study argued that knowledge production through dialogue, advocating for the weaker voices in the classroom, and challenging power structures are dimensions needed to decolonise classroom management in the university system. The study concludes with the need to promote an atmosphere that encourages discussion, provides opportunities for underrepresented groups to take centre stage, and facilitates bravery from its members towards oppressive systems within the classroom.
{"title":"Decolonising Classroom Management and Its Political Hegemony in Universities","authors":"B. Omodan","doi":"10.3390/socsci12120644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120644","url":null,"abstract":"This theoretical opinion paper responds to the existing colonial hegemony in university classrooms. The study is underpinned by decoloniality with objectives to conceptualise decoloniality as a theoretical lens for classroom management and to present the assumptions of decoloniality as an effective classroom management system in universities. The study is located within a transformative worldview, and the argument was analysed using conceptual analysis as a tool to make sense of the argument deductively. The study argued that knowledge production through dialogue, advocating for the weaker voices in the classroom, and challenging power structures are dimensions needed to decolonise classroom management in the university system. The study concludes with the need to promote an atmosphere that encourages discussion, provides opportunities for underrepresented groups to take centre stage, and facilitates bravery from its members towards oppressive systems within the classroom.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay discusses the more potent forces driving the West toward a future of war which is civil war centred upon the destruction of ‘global’ cities through exploitation of their intrinsic instability. The first part of this essay will establish the plausibility of its main premise, namely the inevitability of outright, active, and wide-scale civil war in North America and Western Europe. I shall demonstrate that there are well-understood indicators showing that our current societal arrangements are failing at an accelerating rate. The second part will briefly address the strengths and weaknesses of the extant future war literature, focusing mainly upon influential works of fiction rather than the quasi-rigorous outpourings of the ‘futurology’ discipline. In the third part, I will describe the shape or character of the wars to come which, in short form, I expect to exhibit the following: a distinctive rural versus urban dimension; jarring societal splits along the fracture lines of multiculturalism; a ‘hi-lo’ mix of weapons featuring extensive innovative reuse of civil tech for military purpose, particularly attacks on infrastructure; and a ‘shock of the old’ reversion-mutation to savage tactics, notably the use of famine and destruction of shelter as tools of coercion. This last section of the paper is partly based on approximately ten years of examining the darker corners of the internet listening to what incipient revolutionaries, neo-anarchists, and want-to-be militiamen think and talk about.
{"title":"The Future of War Is Civil War","authors":"David Betz","doi":"10.3390/socsci12120646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120646","url":null,"abstract":"This essay discusses the more potent forces driving the West toward a future of war which is civil war centred upon the destruction of ‘global’ cities through exploitation of their intrinsic instability. The first part of this essay will establish the plausibility of its main premise, namely the inevitability of outright, active, and wide-scale civil war in North America and Western Europe. I shall demonstrate that there are well-understood indicators showing that our current societal arrangements are failing at an accelerating rate. The second part will briefly address the strengths and weaknesses of the extant future war literature, focusing mainly upon influential works of fiction rather than the quasi-rigorous outpourings of the ‘futurology’ discipline. In the third part, I will describe the shape or character of the wars to come which, in short form, I expect to exhibit the following: a distinctive rural versus urban dimension; jarring societal splits along the fracture lines of multiculturalism; a ‘hi-lo’ mix of weapons featuring extensive innovative reuse of civil tech for military purpose, particularly attacks on infrastructure; and a ‘shock of the old’ reversion-mutation to savage tactics, notably the use of famine and destruction of shelter as tools of coercion. This last section of the paper is partly based on approximately ten years of examining the darker corners of the internet listening to what incipient revolutionaries, neo-anarchists, and want-to-be militiamen think and talk about.","PeriodicalId":37714,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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