F. Giannetti, G. Chirici, E. Paoletti, M. Borghetti, P. Corona, G. Bucci
Since 2010, the Italian Ministry of University and Research issued new evaluation protocols to select candidates for University professorships and assess the bibliometric productivity of Universities and Research Institutes based on bibliometric indicators, i.e. scientific paper and citation numbers and the h-index. Under this framework, the objective of this study was to quantify the bibliometric productivity of the Italian forest research community during the 2002-2012 period. We examined the following productivity parameters: (i) the bibliometric productivity under the Forestry subject category at the global level; (ii) compared the aggregated bibliometric productivity of Italian forest scientists with scientists from other countries; (iii) analyzed publication and citation temporal trends of Italian forest scientists and their international collaborations; and (iv) characterized productivity distribution among Italian forest scientists at different career levels. Results indicated the following: (i) the UK is the most efficient country based on the ratio between Gross Domestic Spending (GDS) on Research and Development (RD (ii) Italian forest scientist productivity exhibited a significant positive time trend, but was characterized by high inequality across authors; (iii) one-half of the Italian forest scientist publications were written in collaboration with foreign scientists; (iv) a strong relationship exists between bibliometric indicators calculated by WOS and SCOPUS, suggesting these two databases have the same potential to evaluate the forestry research community; and (v) self-citations did not significantly affect the rank of Italian forest scientists.
{"title":"Assessing the bibliometric productivity of forest scientists in Italy","authors":"F. Giannetti, G. Chirici, E. Paoletti, M. Borghetti, P. Corona, G. Bucci","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1211","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2010, the Italian Ministry of University and Research issued new evaluation protocols to select candidates for University professorships and assess the bibliometric productivity of Universities and Research Institutes based on bibliometric indicators, i.e. scientific paper and citation numbers and the h-index. Under this framework, the objective of this study was to quantify the bibliometric productivity of the Italian forest research community during the 2002-2012 period. We examined the following productivity parameters: (i) the bibliometric productivity under the Forestry subject category at the global level; (ii) compared the aggregated bibliometric productivity of Italian forest scientists with scientists from other countries; (iii) analyzed publication and citation temporal trends of Italian forest scientists and their international collaborations; and (iv) characterized productivity distribution among Italian forest scientists at different career levels. Results indicated the following: (i) the UK is the most efficient country based on the ratio between Gross Domestic Spending (GDS) on Research and Development (RD (ii) Italian forest scientist productivity exhibited a significant positive time trend, but was characterized by high inequality across authors; (iii) one-half of the Italian forest scientist publications were written in collaboration with foreign scientists; (iv) a strong relationship exists between bibliometric indicators calculated by WOS and SCOPUS, suggesting these two databases have the same potential to evaluate the forestry research community; and (v) self-citations did not significantly affect the rank of Italian forest scientists.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66121135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ravagni, C. Bidini, E. Bianchetto, Angelo Vitone, F. Pelleri
This report aims to provide a description of the cultivation techniques adopted at the oldest oak pure plantation (age 34) established within the environmental restoration plan of soil dumps at the Santa Barbara ENEL Company opencast mine in Cavriglia (AR). The goals of the initial plan, following which the plantation was carried out, were to (i) verify the possibility of restoring the soil dump by using tree farming plantations and produce a range of valuable timber assortments; (ii) test the growth potential of the oak species in a pure plantation. The plantation, carried out with a stem density of 1,111 trees per hectare, was managed by targeted practices (pruning up to the stem height of 4-5 m and then undertaking four thinnings). A geometric-selective thinning was applied first and, later, periodical thinning from above was implemented, releasing, as a result, about 70 crop trees per hectare. In the meanwhile, it was possible to monitor the growth parameters concerning dbh, tree height and crown diameter. The stem quality and the presence of epicormic branches were evaluated in 2013 and the relationship between the presence of epicormic branches and tree characteristics were also analyzed. The wood production was compared with other European plantations, especially from France. Today, 34 years after the plantation got started, the site is an interesting case-study of tree farming as it plays a consistent role within the environmental restoration of the area. The applied management system allowed to reach a noticeable wood production level andalso valuable timber assortments for industrial use. Crop trees (70 per hectare) reached a mean dbh of 38.1 cm, the height of 22.3 m at the age of 34.
本报告旨在描述在Cavriglia (AR) Santa Barbara ENEL公司露天矿山的土壤垃圾场环境恢复计划中建立的最古老的橡树纯种植园(34岁)所采用的种植技术。最初计划的目标是(i)核实利用树木种植种植园恢复土壤倾倒的可能性，并生产一系列有价值的木材品种;(ii)在纯人工林中测试橡树的生长潜力。该人工林的茎密度为每公顷1111棵，采用有针对性的做法进行管理(修剪至茎高4-5米，然后进行四次修剪)。首先采用几何选择性间伐，然后从上面进行定期间伐，结果每公顷释放约70棵作物树。同时，还可以监测胸径、树高和冠径等生长参数。对2013年的树干质量和外生枝的存在进行了评价，并分析了外生枝的存在与树木特性的关系。木材产量与其他欧洲种植园，特别是来自法国的种植园进行了比较。今天，在种植园开始34年后，该基地是一个有趣的树木种植案例研究，因为它在该地区的环境恢复中起着持续的作用。应用的管理系统允许达到显著的木材生产水平和有价值的木材分类用于工业用途。作物树(70棵/公顷)34岁时平均胸径38.1 cm，树高22.3 m。
{"title":"Cultivation techniques in a 34 years old farming oak (Quercus robur L.) plantation in the Arno valley (Tuscany)","authors":"S. Ravagni, C. Bidini, E. Bianchetto, Angelo Vitone, F. Pelleri","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1124","url":null,"abstract":"This report aims to provide a description of the cultivation techniques adopted at the oldest oak pure plantation (age 34) established within the environmental restoration plan of soil dumps at the Santa Barbara ENEL Company opencast mine in Cavriglia (AR). The goals of the initial plan, following which the plantation was carried out, were to (i) verify the possibility of restoring the soil dump by using tree farming plantations and produce a range of valuable timber assortments; (ii) test the growth potential of the oak species in a pure plantation. The plantation, carried out with a stem density of 1,111 trees per hectare, was managed by targeted practices (pruning up to the stem height of 4-5 m and then undertaking four thinnings). A geometric-selective thinning was applied first and, later, periodical thinning from above was implemented, releasing, as a result, about 70 crop trees per hectare. In the meanwhile, it was possible to monitor the growth parameters concerning dbh, tree height and crown diameter. The stem quality and the presence of epicormic branches were evaluated in 2013 and the relationship between the presence of epicormic branches and tree characteristics were also analyzed. The wood production was compared with other European plantations, especially from France. Today, 34 years after the plantation got started, the site is an interesting case-study of tree farming as it plays a consistent role within the environmental restoration of the area. The applied management system allowed to reach a noticeable wood production level andalso valuable timber assortments for industrial use. Crop trees (70 per hectare) reached a mean dbh of 38.1 cm, the height of 22.3 m at the age of 34.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66120653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this review is to examine a few aspects of global change effects on forest genetic resources and their interaction. Genetic resources can provide many opportunities for the development of adaptive forest management in the Mediterranean region. At the same time, forestry and its various disciplines can offer manifold chances to develop methods and techniques for the in situ and ex situ protection, as well as for the correct management of species and populations at risk because of climate change. Among these aspects, the studies on the Marker Assisted Selection are particularly taken into consideration, as well as the phenotypic plasticity and the different types of assisted migration. A special emphasis is given to genetic resources growing at marginal peripheral populations, which need to be safeguarded as possible containers of adaptive diversity. They are subjected, in fact, to an extreme climatic stress more than others.
{"title":"Genetic resources and forestry in the Mediterranean region in relation to global change","authors":"F. Ducci","doi":"10.12899/ASR-779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-779","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review is to examine a few aspects of global change effects on forest genetic resources and their interaction. Genetic resources can provide many opportunities for the development of adaptive forest management in the Mediterranean region. At the same time, forestry and its various disciplines can offer manifold chances to develop methods and techniques for the in situ and ex situ protection, as well as for the correct management of species and populations at risk because of climate change. Among these aspects, the studies on the Marker Assisted Selection are particularly taken into consideration, as well as the phenotypic plasticity and the different types of assisted migration. A special emphasis is given to genetic resources growing at marginal peripheral populations, which need to be safeguarded as possible containers of adaptive diversity. They are subjected, in fact, to an extreme climatic stress more than others.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"70-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66122431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Marchi, Cristiano Castaldi, P. Merlini, S. Nocentini, F. Ducci
The Black pine of Villetta Barrea (Pinus nigra ssp. nigra var italica) is a variety of the nigra subspecies. It is naturally distributed only in the Abruzzo Region, near the village of Villetta Barrea, with a rear-edge Marginal Population. A dendrochrono- logical sampling of the population was implemented with the aim of studying its stand structure and the most probable interactions between growth trends and climate. Mensurational data were used to characterize the stand and, furthermore, the general correlation function (CF) and the moving correlation function (MCF), with a 30 years window, were used to assess the interrelation between the growth of the tree rings and the climate.The results indicated that the past forest management, mainly carried out with thinnings from below and selective cuttings, influenced the current structure of the forest (mean diameter) but no differences in growth trends were detected within the population. The survey on Villetta Barrea Black pine showed a positive and statistically significant correla- tion between the ring-width and the average temperatures of the months of December (before the ring formation - t-1), February and March; but it also showed a negative correlation with the temperatures of July, September and October of the current year (t). Moreover, the analysis with moving correlation functions suggested that, in the last decades, the population has negatively reacted to very few climate factors and, in particular, to the changes in temperatures (both minimum and maximum temperatures). This is especially true for the shifts occurred in September, the year of the ring formation.
维勒塔巴雷亚的黑松(Pinus nigra ssp.)。黑衣人(Nigra var italica)是黑衣人亚种的变种。它自然地只分布在Abruzzo地区，靠近Villetta Barrea村，具有后边缘边缘人口。为了研究其林分结构和生长趋势与气候之间最可能的相互作用，对种群进行了年代学采样。利用实测资料对林分进行表征，并利用一般相关函数(CF)和30年窗的移动相关函数(MCF)来评价年轮生长与气候的相互关系。结果表明，过去的森林管理主要以从下疏伐和选择性扦插为主，影响了目前的森林结构(平均直径)，但种群内的生长趋势没有变化。调查结果表明，12月(环形成前)、2月和3月的平均气温与环宽呈显著正相关;但与当年7月、9月和10月(t)的温度也呈负相关。此外，移动相关函数分析表明，近几十年来，人口对少数气候因子，特别是对温度(最低和最高温度)变化的负反应。这对于发生在九月的变化尤其如此，那一年是土星环形成的年份。
{"title":"Stand structure and climate influence on the growth trends of a marginal forest population of Pinus nigra spp. nigra","authors":"M. Marchi, Cristiano Castaldi, P. Merlini, S. Nocentini, F. Ducci","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1066","url":null,"abstract":"The Black pine of Villetta Barrea (Pinus nigra ssp. nigra var italica) is a variety of the nigra subspecies. It is naturally distributed only in the Abruzzo Region, near the village of Villetta Barrea, with a rear-edge Marginal Population. A dendrochrono- logical sampling of the population was implemented with the aim of studying its stand structure and the most probable interactions between growth trends and climate. Mensurational data were used to characterize the stand and, furthermore, the general correlation function (CF) and the moving correlation function (MCF), with a 30 years window, were used to assess the interrelation between the growth of the tree rings and the climate.The results indicated that the past forest management, mainly carried out with thinnings from below and selective cuttings, influenced the current structure of the forest (mean diameter) but no differences in growth trends were detected within the population. The survey on Villetta Barrea Black pine showed a positive and statistically significant correla- tion between the ring-width and the average temperatures of the months of December (before the ring formation - t-1), February and March; but it also showed a negative correlation with the temperatures of July, September and October of the current year (t). Moreover, the analysis with moving correlation functions suggested that, in the last decades, the population has negatively reacted to very few climate factors and, in particular, to the changes in temperatures (both minimum and maximum temperatures). This is especially true for the shifts occurred in September, the year of the ring formation.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"100-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66120427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid increase in human population, and the corresponding worldwide enhancement of social and economical conditions, are exerting a considerable pressure to convert forests to other uses. Moreover, these phenomena raise the demand for food, fuel, wood fibers and other non-wood products, contributing to a further boost of the production pressure in the surviving forests. Simultaneously, these forests are expected to provide a diverse array of environmental services. Furthermore, smallholder forestry systems are prominent components of ‘ trees outside the forest’ in Southeast Asia and they are primarily ‘planted’ systems that rehabilitate or reforest marginal lands, in order to produce tree products and services. As they traditionally are a means of producing goods for home consumption, they have become significant suppliers of products for local, national and international markets. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that smallholder forestry systems are a viable management system which is significantly contributing to global environmental goals and local economic objectives. This paper reviews global and Asian trends of human population growth, deforestation, and demand for forest and tree products. The origin, the diversity, the adaptable management and the importance of smallholder tree-based systems are here discussed and significant details are provided on the role of smallholder tree-based systems in the mitigation of deforestation, which could be obtained by expanding regional forest resources; in supplying alternative sources of forest products and environmental benefits; and in making significant contributions to local livelihoods for rural communities.
{"title":"Multi-species and multifunctional smallholder tree farming systems in Southeast Asia: timber, NTFPs, plus environmental benefits","authors":"J. Roshetko, M. Bertomeu","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1125","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid increase in human population, and the corresponding worldwide enhancement of social and economical conditions, are exerting a considerable pressure to convert forests to other uses. Moreover, these phenomena raise the demand for food, fuel, wood fibers and other non-wood products, contributing to a further boost of the production pressure in the surviving forests. Simultaneously, these forests are expected to provide a diverse array of environmental services. Furthermore, smallholder forestry systems are prominent components of ‘ trees outside the forest’ in Southeast Asia and they are primarily ‘planted’ systems that rehabilitate or reforest marginal lands, in order to produce tree products and services. As they traditionally are a means of producing goods for home consumption, they have become significant suppliers of products for local, national and international markets. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that smallholder forestry systems are a viable management system which is significantly contributing to global environmental goals and local economic objectives. This paper reviews global and Asian trends of human population growth, deforestation, and demand for forest and tree products. The origin, the diversity, the adaptable management and the importance of smallholder tree-based systems are here discussed and significant details are provided on the role of smallholder tree-based systems in the mitigation of deforestation, which could be obtained by expanding regional forest resources; in supplying alternative sources of forest products and environmental benefits; and in making significant contributions to local livelihoods for rural communities.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66121037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Stojanović, T. Levanič, B. Matović, A. Bravo‐Oviedo
Climatic changes and bad environmental conditions may lead to forests vitality loss and even mortality. This is the reason why increased sanitary felling operations were performed in mixed oak forests in northern Serbia in 2013 in order to solve the severe dieback which affected some Pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L.) and Turkey oak ( Quercus cerris L.) stands, after the very dry years 2011 and 2012. Dendrochronological techniques were applied to both these oak species collected in a stand, to examine the impact of temperature, precipitation and ground water level on forest growth and investigate the potential causes of the dieback. Differences in tree-ring patterns between surviving and dead trees were not significant according to t-value (from 5.68 to 14.20) and Gleichlaufigkeit coefficient (from 76% to 82%), this meaning no distinctive responses of the two ecologically different oak species. As for radial increment, pedunculate and Turkey oak trees showed a similar response to environmental variables in this mixed stand. The Simple Pearson’s correlation analysis, which was conducted, showed that among three basic environmental variables (the mean monthly air temperature, the monthly sum of precipitation and the mean monthly water level, proxy of ground water level), the water level of Danube river in May and the temperature in April were statistically related to the growth of the four tree groups: (i) pedunculate oak vital, (ii) pedunculate oak dead, (iii) Turkey oak vital and (iv) Turkey oak dead trees, for the period 1961-2010 (p<0.05, n=60). Similar phenomena had already been observed in the Sava River basin for the growth of pure pedunculate oak forests. The long-term decline of the Danube River water level may be related to climate variations and to the changes of water management, river bed, as well as land-use. Together with the increase of temperature, this decline of the water level, and its potential unavailability in the soil, represents a serious challenge for the mixed oak forests silviculture in the Danube basin.
{"title":"Climate change impact on a mixed lowland oak stand in Serbia","authors":"D. Stojanović, T. Levanič, B. Matović, A. Bravo‐Oviedo","doi":"10.12899/ASR-1126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-1126","url":null,"abstract":"Climatic changes and bad environmental conditions may lead to forests vitality loss and even mortality. This is the reason why increased sanitary felling operations were performed in mixed oak forests in northern Serbia in 2013 in order to solve the severe dieback which affected some Pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L.) and Turkey oak ( Quercus cerris L.) stands, after the very dry years 2011 and 2012. Dendrochronological techniques were applied to both these oak species collected in a stand, to examine the impact of temperature, precipitation and ground water level on forest growth and investigate the potential causes of the dieback. Differences in tree-ring patterns between surviving and dead trees were not significant according to t-value (from 5.68 to 14.20) and Gleichlaufigkeit coefficient (from 76% to 82%), this meaning no distinctive responses of the two ecologically different oak species. As for radial increment, pedunculate and Turkey oak trees showed a similar response to environmental variables in this mixed stand. The Simple Pearson’s correlation analysis, which was conducted, showed that among three basic environmental variables (the mean monthly air temperature, the monthly sum of precipitation and the mean monthly water level, proxy of ground water level), the water level of Danube river in May and the temperature in April were statistically related to the growth of the four tree groups: (i) pedunculate oak vital, (ii) pedunculate oak dead, (iii) Turkey oak vital and (iv) Turkey oak dead trees, for the period 1961-2010 (p<0.05, n=60). Similar phenomena had already been observed in the Sava River basin for the growth of pure pedunculate oak forests. The long-term decline of the Danube River water level may be related to climate variations and to the changes of water management, river bed, as well as land-use. Together with the increase of temperature, this decline of the water level, and its potential unavailability in the soil, represents a serious challenge for the mixed oak forests silviculture in the Danube basin.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66121109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exploratory analysis of atmospheric pollution in a coastal forest ecosystem in central Italy - The study of spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metals in the atmosphere through the continuous assessment of deposition is of great interest for the analysis of anthropogenic pressure on the environment and the potential toxicity to humans and other living organisms. Information based on reliable estimates of heavy metals is therefore crucial for the evaluation of environmental quality. Trends in heavy metal concentration in atmospheric depositions on a coastal forest ecosystem (Castelporziano, Rome) are analyzed in the present study based on a three-year monitoring field survey over three sites representative of different woodland characteristics in the area. Our results highlight both the influence of transportation processes in the short and medium distance based on the human pressure reflecting urban expansion and infrastructure development on the fringe of Castelporziano pristine forest. Further studies investigating the latent correlation with meteorological variables at various temporal scales are needed to provide a comprehensive picture of environmental conditions in a forest ecosystem subjected to increasing human pressure. Analysis of runoff water quality and the determination of other heavy metals, such as arsenic, may identify additional sources of pollution impacting soil and forest ecosystem.
{"title":"Exploratory analysis of atmospheric pollution in a coastal forest ecosystem in central Italy","authors":"R. Aromolo, V. Moretti, L. Salvati","doi":"10.12899/ASR-984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-984","url":null,"abstract":"Exploratory analysis of atmospheric pollution in a coastal forest ecosystem in central Italy - The study of spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metals in the atmosphere through the continuous assessment of deposition is of great interest for the analysis of anthropogenic pressure on the environment and the potential toxicity to humans and other living organisms. Information based on reliable estimates of heavy metals is therefore crucial for the evaluation of environmental quality. Trends in heavy metal concentration in atmospheric depositions on a coastal forest ecosystem (Castelporziano, Rome) are analyzed in the present study based on a three-year monitoring field survey over three sites representative of different woodland characteristics in the area. Our results highlight both the influence of transportation processes in the short and medium distance based on the human pressure reflecting urban expansion and infrastructure development on the fringe of Castelporziano pristine forest. Further studies investigating the latent correlation with meteorological variables at various temporal scales are needed to provide a comprehensive picture of environmental conditions in a forest ecosystem subjected to increasing human pressure. Analysis of runoff water quality and the determination of other heavy metals, such as arsenic, may identify additional sources of pollution impacting soil and forest ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"55-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66124376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Angelini, P. Corona, F. Chianucci, L. Portoghesi
This paper reviews the literature relating to the relationship between light availability in the understory and the main qualitative and quantitative attributes of stand overstory usually considered in forest management and planning (species composition, density, tree sizes, etc.) as well as their changes as consequences of harvesting. The paper is divided in two sections: the first one reviews studies which investigated the influence of species composition on understory light conditions; the second part examines research on the relationships among stand parameters determined from dendrometric field data and the radiation on understory layer. The objective was to highlight which are the most significant stand traits and management features to build more practical models for predicting light regimes in any forest stand and, in more general terms, to support forest managers in planning and designing silvicultural treatments that retain structure in different way in order to meet different objectives.
{"title":"Structural attributes of stand overstory and light under the canopy","authors":"A. Angelini, P. Corona, F. Chianucci, L. Portoghesi","doi":"10.12899/ASR-993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-993","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the literature relating to the relationship between light availability in the understory and the main qualitative and quantitative attributes of stand overstory usually considered in forest management and planning (species composition, density, tree sizes, etc.) as well as their changes as consequences of harvesting. The paper is divided in two sections: the first one reviews studies which investigated the influence of species composition on understory light conditions; the second part examines research on the relationships among stand parameters determined from dendrometric field data and the radiation on understory layer. The objective was to highlight which are the most significant stand traits and management features to build more practical models for predicting light regimes in any forest stand and, in more general terms, to support forest managers in planning and designing silvicultural treatments that retain structure in different way in order to meet different objectives.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66124672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Corona, D. Ascoli, A. Barbati, G. Bovio, G. Colangelo, Mario Elia, V. Garfì, F. Iovino, R. Lafortezza, V. Leone, R. Lovreglio, M. Marchetti, E. Marchi, G. Menguzzato, S. Nocentini, R. Picchio, L. Portoghesi, N. Puletti, G. Sanesi, F. Chianucci
This review presents a multidisciplinary framework for integrating the ecological, regulatory, procedural and technical aspects of forest management for fires prevention under Mediterranean environments. The aims are to: i) provide a foreground of wildfire scenario; ii) illustrate the theoretical background of forest fuel management; iii) describe the available fuel management techniques and mechanical operations for fire prevention in forest and wildland-urban interfaces, with exemplification of case-studies; iv) allocate fire prevention activities under the hierarchy of forest planning. The review is conceived as an outline commentary discussion targeted to professionals, technicians and government personnel involved in forestry and environmental management.
{"title":"Integrated forest management to prevent wildfires under mediterranean environments","authors":"P. Corona, D. Ascoli, A. Barbati, G. Bovio, G. Colangelo, Mario Elia, V. Garfì, F. Iovino, R. Lafortezza, V. Leone, R. Lovreglio, M. Marchetti, E. Marchi, G. Menguzzato, S. Nocentini, R. Picchio, L. Portoghesi, N. Puletti, G. Sanesi, F. Chianucci","doi":"10.12899/ASR-946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-946","url":null,"abstract":"This review presents a multidisciplinary framework for integrating the ecological, regulatory, procedural and technical aspects of forest management for fires prevention under Mediterranean environments. The aims are to: i) provide a foreground of wildfire scenario; ii) illustrate the theoretical background of forest fuel management; iii) describe the available fuel management techniques and mechanical operations for fire prevention in forest and wildland-urban interfaces, with exemplification of case-studies; iv) allocate fire prevention activities under the hierarchy of forest planning. The review is conceived as an outline commentary discussion targeted to professionals, technicians and government personnel involved in forestry and environmental management.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66124282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Argenti, A. Ciulla, S. Nicoloso, A. Brugnoli, N. Staglianò
The purpose of this study was to analyze the post-release behavior of individuals of Capreolus capreolus italicus (Festa 1925) and to evaluate the influence of environmental and vegetation characteristics on habitat selection by monitored animals. With these aims, 14 individuals of roe deer (a sample of 75 animals released in total), differentiated by age and sex, were caught in areas of southern Tuscany (central Italy) and released in suitable areas of the Aspromonte National Park (Calabria, southern Italy). Each animal was monitored by GPS-GSM tracking radio collar (Vectronics ®) with frequency of location ranging from 30 minutes (in the first month) to 6 hours (later), and covering a period ranging from 90 to 563 days. Each fix, reported in a GIS environment, was analyzed to get information on habitat selection performed by tracked animals. Data collection implemented forest area, herbaceous resources characterization and the evaluation of possible visual refuge offered to the animals by the environment, to assess the effect of these attributes on the selection of grounds. Results showed that the choice of a particular habitat is highly correlated with forests’ characteristics, the areas covered by conifers and with height of crown insertion between 1 and 2 m, generally with absence of regeneration, being clearly preferred. Most attended herbaceous areas are those with a high presence of grasses and with a high pastoral value. Visual refuge affects also remarkably the selection of habitats by animals. The study showed that the observed parameters can provide a good basis for the validation of the model used for the feasibility study and to identify the optimal characteristics of the areas for future releases.
本研究旨在分析意大利卷叶蝉(Capreolus Capreolus italicus, Festa 1925)个体放生后的行为，并评价环境和植被特征对监测动物生境选择的影响。为了达到这些目的，在托斯卡纳南部(意大利中部)地区捕获了14只按年龄和性别区分的狍(总共释放了75只样本)，并将其释放到阿斯普罗蒙特国家公园(意大利南部卡拉布里亚)的适当地区。每只动物通过GPS-GSM跟踪无线电项圈(Vectronics®)进行监测，定位频率从30分钟(第一个月)到6小时(以后)不等，监测时间从90天到563天不等。在GIS环境中报告的每个修复都进行了分析，以获得跟踪动物进行栖息地选择的信息。数据收集包括森林面积、草本资源特征和环境对动物可能提供的视觉庇护的评价，以评估这些属性对场地选择的影响。结果表明，对特定栖息地的选择与森林特征高度相关，针叶林覆盖面积和树冠高度在1 ~ 2 m之间，通常没有更新，明显地被首选。最受关注的草本地区是那些草的存在和具有高牧区价值的地区。视觉庇护也显著影响动物对栖息地的选择。研究表明，观测到的参数可以为可行性研究模型的验证和确定未来放水区域的最佳特征提供良好的基础。
{"title":"Post-release habitats’ selection of Capreolus capreolus italicus (Festa, 1925) in a protected area in southern Italy","authors":"G. Argenti, A. Ciulla, S. Nicoloso, A. Brugnoli, N. Staglianò","doi":"10.12899/ASR-752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12899/ASR-752","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to analyze the post-release behavior of individuals of Capreolus capreolus italicus (Festa 1925) and to evaluate the influence of environmental and vegetation characteristics on habitat selection by monitored animals. With these aims, 14 individuals of roe deer (a sample of 75 animals released in total), differentiated by age and sex, were caught in areas of southern Tuscany (central Italy) and released in suitable areas of the Aspromonte National Park (Calabria, southern Italy). Each animal was monitored by GPS-GSM tracking radio collar (Vectronics ®) with frequency of location ranging from 30 minutes (in the first month) to 6 hours (later), and covering a period ranging from 90 to 563 days. Each fix, reported in a GIS environment, was analyzed to get information on habitat selection performed by tracked animals. Data collection implemented forest area, herbaceous resources characterization and the evaluation of possible visual refuge offered to the animals by the environment, to assess the effect of these attributes on the selection of grounds. Results showed that the choice of a particular habitat is highly correlated with forests’ characteristics, the areas covered by conifers and with height of crown insertion between 1 and 2 m, generally with absence of regeneration, being clearly preferred. Most attended herbaceous areas are those with a high presence of grasses and with a high pastoral value. Visual refuge affects also remarkably the selection of habitats by animals. The study showed that the observed parameters can provide a good basis for the validation of the model used for the feasibility study and to identify the optimal characteristics of the areas for future releases.","PeriodicalId":37733,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Silvicultural Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66122025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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