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Comparison of TLS against traditional surveying method for stem taper modelling. A case study in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests of mount Amiata TLS与传统测量方法在茎锥度建模中的比较。阿米亚塔山欧洲山毛榉(Fagus sylvatica L.)森林的个案研究
Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.12899/ASR-2198
C. Torresan, F. Pelleri, M. Manetti, C. Becagli, Cristiano Castaldi, Monica Notarangelo, U. Chiavetta
Traditionally, taper equations are developed from measurements collected through a destructive sampling of trees. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) enables high levels of accuracy of individual tree parameters measurement avoiding tree felling. With this study, we wanted to assess the performance of two approaches to calibrate a taper function: using stem diameters extracted from TLS point clouds and measured at different tree heights with the traditional and usual forest instruments. We compared the performance of four taper equations built with data collected by TLS and traditional survey in a European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) forests of mount Amiata (Tuscany Region, Italy). We computed the volume of stem sections 1.00 m long by integrating the most performing TLS-based taper equation and by the Huber, Smalian and cone formulas  applied on the diameter and height values measured with the traditional field surveys. We conducted the analysis of error distribution in volume estimates computed integrating the most performing TLS-based taper function along the stem. We tested if the differences in the volume estimate of the two methods were significant. Schumacher and Hall (1933) equation was the most performing taper function both in case of using TLS and traditional surveyed data , being the TLS-based function more performant (rRMSE = 9.17% vs 6.90%). Its performance did not increase when diameter values were extracted from TLS point clouds with a higher frequency (i.e. 25.0 cm vs 1.00 m). By integrating the TLS-based Schumacher and Hall (1933) function, the sections with the highest error resulted from 5.00 to 7.00 m of stem height (i.e. RMSE from 14.72 to 19.14 dm 3 and rRMSE from 13.00 to 17.76%). This study case represents the first attempts to develop a taper equation for European beech of mount Amiata using values of stem diameter and height extracted from the TLS point cloud. The results demonstrated that TLS produces the same stem volume estimates as traditional method avoiding falling trees.
传统上,锥度方程是通过对树木进行破坏性采样收集的测量数据发展而来的。地面激光扫描(TLS)可以实现单株树木参数测量的高精度,避免树木砍伐。在这项研究中,我们想要评估两种校准锥度函数的方法的性能:使用从TLS点云提取的茎直径,以及使用传统和常用的森林仪器在不同树高下测量。在意大利托斯卡纳地区Amiata山的欧洲山毛榉(Fagus sylvatica L.)森林中,我们比较了利用TLS和传统调查数据建立的4个锥度方程的性能。通过整合最有效的基于ls的锥度方程,以及应用于传统现场调查测量的直径和高度值的Huber、Smalian和锥度公式,我们计算了1.00 m长茎段的体积。我们对体积估计值中的误差分布进行了分析,该估计值集成了沿管柱最有效的基于tls的锥度函数。我们检验了两种方法在体积估计上的差异是否显著。Schumacher and Hall(1933)方程是使用TLS和传统调查数据时表现最好的锥形函数,基于TLS的函数表现更好(rRMSE = 9.17% vs 6.90%)。对基于TLS的Schumacher和Hall(1933)函数进行积分,发现误差最大的区段为茎高5.00 ~ 7.00 m(即RMSE为14.72 ~ 19.14 dm 3, rRMSE为13.00 ~ 17.76%)。本研究案例首次尝试利用从TLS点云中提取的茎直径和高度值来建立阿米亚塔山欧洲山毛榉的锥度方程。结果表明,TLS与传统的避免树木倒下的方法产生相同的茎体积估计。
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引用次数: 3
Lessons learned from the past: forestry initiatives for effective carbon stocking in Southern Italy 从过去吸取的经验教训:意大利南部有效碳储存的林业举措
Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.12899/ASR-2192
F. Iovino, A. Nicolaci, P. A. Marziliano, F. Pignataro, G. Sanesi
Calabria (Italy) is a particularly interesting region of the Mediterranean basin from the perspective of forest management due to the extension of reforestation activities aimed at soil conservation. According to international agreements, these reforestation activities fulfill other functions as well, including carbon storage. Thus, Calabria was selected as a representative area for a study on the different typologies of forest plantations to verify the effects of these functions. Results showed a significant increment in carbon stock compared to the previous land use (i.e. arable land and pastures) and how the average carbon stock per hectare varies in relation to the species considered at the above- and below-ground levels. Carbon stock was higher in conifers (Calabrian pine, Douglas fir) and lower in broad-leaved trees (Turkey oak, European chestnut). The study analyses demonstrate how, based on different intensities of thinning, the carbon eliminated by trees is reconstituted over time in quantities larger than those eliminated by cutting. This latter aspect is relevant, as forest management allows the partial removal of biomass produced without negatively affecting carbon stock. Consequently, reforestation and sustainable forms of forest management are powerful strategies for mitigating the effects of climate change.
从森林管理的角度来看,卡拉布里亚(意大利)是地中海盆地一个特别有趣的地区,因为旨在土壤保护的重新造林活动有所扩大。根据国际协议,这些重新造林活动还具有其他功能,包括碳储存。因此,卡拉布里亚被选为对不同类型的人工林进行研究的代表地区,以验证这些功能的影响。结果显示,与以前的土地使用(即耕地和牧场)相比,碳储量显著增加,以及每公顷的平均碳储量与地上和地下所考虑的物种之间的差异。针叶树(卡拉布里亚松、花旗松)的碳储量较高,阔叶树(土耳其橡树、欧洲栗树)的碳含量较低。研究分析表明,根据不同的疏伐强度,树木消除的碳是如何随着时间的推移而重新形成的,其数量大于砍伐消除的碳。后一个方面是相关的,因为森林管理允许部分清除产生的生物量,而不会对碳储量产生负面影响。因此,重新造林和可持续形式的森林管理是减轻气候变化影响的有力战略。
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引用次数: 0
Gaps and perspectives for the improvement of the sweet chestnut forest-wood chain in Italy 意大利甜栗树森林木材链改善的差距和前景
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12899/ASR-2203
F. Marini, L. Portoghesi, M. Manetti, L. Salvati, M. Romagnoli
The paper provides a summary regarding the current state of silviculture and the use of sweet chestnut wood ( Castanea sativa Mill.) in Italy. Existing opportunities for chestnut silviculture are very promising because sweet chestnut covers nearly 800,000 hectares in Italy, representing almost 2.6% of the total area of the country, including 7.5% of national forest areas. In some geographic areas, especially in central-southern Italy, sweet chestnut is the only driver of the sawmill economy. In Italy, this species is typically harvested to produce solid beams and poles. In the field of load-bearing structures, research and innovation in silviculture have provided solutions to the growing use of industrial technologies, and sweet chestnut has become integrated into European standards with the same relevanceas the most commonly most used wood species, such as Norway spruce. However, diversification in wood products is lacking in regions that produce sweet chestnut, as the sawmills tend to be very chestnut-centric, and in terms of the types of final products sweet chestnut is applied to. The typical end uses for sweet chestnut represents a major weakness associated with the massive exploitation of chestnut wood. In addition, the production of sawmills in Italy has decreased recently due to the crisis-driven reductions inactivity. This transition has affected the traditional building sector. The most common wood quality defects associated with sweet chestnut, which limit the use of this species for other wood products, are well known by producers. To boost the demand for this wood, efforts must be made to identify more versatile uses for this wood, promoting differential forest management systems to obtain stems that can be utilised in other types of final products. A list of possible actions is considered to increase the applications for this species, which represents one of the best opportunities to develop a short supply chain.
本文对意大利的造林现状和甜栗木(Castanea sativa Mill.)的利用进行了综述。板栗造林的现有机会非常有希望,因为甜板栗在意大利占地近80万公顷,占该国总面积的近2.6%,其中包括7.5%的国家森林面积。在一些地理区域,特别是在意大利中南部,甜栗子是锯木厂经济的唯一驱动力。在意大利,这种植物通常被收获来制作固体梁和杆。在承重结构领域,造林技术的研究和创新为日益增长的工业技术使用提供了解决方案,甜板栗已被纳入欧洲标准,与最常用的木材品种(如挪威云杉)具有相同的相关性。然而,在生产甜栗子的地区,木材产品缺乏多样化,因为锯木厂往往以栗子为中心,就甜栗子应用的最终产品类型而言。甜栗子的典型最终用途是与栗木的大规模开发有关的一个主要弱点。此外,由于危机导致的停产,意大利锯木厂的产量最近有所下降。这种转变影响了传统的建筑行业。与甜板栗相关的最常见的木材质量缺陷限制了该物种在其他木材产品中的使用,这是生产商所熟知的。为了促进对这种木材的需求,必须努力确定这种木材的更多功能用途,促进不同的森林管理制度,以获得可用于其他类型最终产品的木材。考虑了一系列可能的行动来增加该物种的应用,这是发展短供应链的最佳机会之一。
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引用次数: 6
The diversity of termite species on natural forest and agroforestry land in Sulawesi tropical forests in Indonesia 印度尼西亚苏拉威西热带森林天然林和农林业用地白蚁物种多样性
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12899/ASR-2228
Zulkaidhah Zulkaidhah, A. Malik, A. Hapid, H. Hamka, Hariyanty Hariyanty, N. Rahman
The conversion of natural forest to agroforestry causes physical changes in the forest, which affects the availability of organic matter. Therefore, this could influence the diversity of termites which act as decomposers in forest ecosystems. This study aims to determine the effect on the diversity of termite species of changes in tropical forest due to conversion. The study was carried out in the Educational Forest area of Tadulako University, Indonesia. The observations of environmental biophysical conditions include vegetation diversity, biomass, soil physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, using the transect method, the diversity of termite species was monitored. The results showed that the diversity of termite species decreased along with the conversion, because 13 species were found in natural forests, while only seven species were found in agroforestry land. This implies that changes in the biophysical environmental conditions due to forest conversion of tropical rainforests significantly reduced the number and composition of vegetation types at all growth rates, necromass and litter biomass. This decrease affects the availability of soil organic matter and carbon. Furthermore, these changes led not only to the loss of individual species but also to the emergence of previously unrecorded ones such as Microcerotermes dubius .
天然林向农林业的转变引起森林的物理变化,从而影响有机质的可利用性。因此,这可能会影响森林生态系统中作为分解者的白蚁的多样性。本研究旨在确定热带森林因转换而发生的变化对白蚁种类多样性的影响。这项研究是在印度尼西亚塔杜拉科大学的教育森林地区进行的。环境生物物理条件的观测包括植被多样性、生物量、土壤理化性质等。此外,还采用样带法对白蚁种类多样性进行了监测。结果表明:白蚁种类的多样性随着森林的转换而减少,天然林中有13种白蚁,而农林业地仅有7种白蚁。这意味着,由于热带雨林的森林转换而引起的生物物理环境条件的变化大大减少了所有生长速率下植被类型的数量和组成、坏死体和凋落物生物量。这种减少影响了土壤有机质和碳的有效性。此外,这些变化不仅导致了个体物种的消失,而且还导致了以前未记录的物种的出现,如Microcerotermes dubius。
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引用次数: 4
Taking the right care of scientometric indicators will take care of research quality 正确使用科学计量学指标,就能保证研究质量
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12899/ASR-2291
P. Corona
Science has recently been accelerating at a fast rate (∼3.5% per year in the compound annual growth rate of the number of papers published in scientific journals, according to Scopus source). There are now more scholarly communications than ever before, and scientists have too many choices of journals to read, refer, and where to submit: therefore, the evaluation of the performance of each journal has become necessary to delineate impact and contribution of any journal in its respective field of interest and application.
最近,科学正以极快的速度加速发展(根据Scopus的数据,科学期刊上发表的论文数量的复合年增长率为每年3.5%)。现在的学术交流比以往任何时候都多,科学家们有太多的期刊可供阅读、参考和提交:因此,对每份期刊的表现进行评估已经成为必要的,以描绘任何期刊在其各自的兴趣和应用领域的影响和贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Four Afforestation Stands on Some Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties of Soil in Northern Iran 伊朗北部4种造林林分对土壤某些物理、化学和生物特性的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12899/ASR-2263
Adineh Ebrahimi Ashbella, M. Fallahchai, A. Salehi, Ali Ashraf Ashraf Soltani Tolarood
Selected species for afforestation have different effects on soil quality in addition to differences in their growth. The aim of current study was to investigate the effects of afforestation with four tree species, including chestnut-leaved oak, loblolly pine, black alder and Persian maple on the soil properties in the northwest of Iran. For this purpose, eight sample plots of 400 m 2 were conducted in the study area and diameter and total height of the trees were measured. Then, eight soil samples were taken from a depth of 0 to 30 cm of each stand and transferred to the soil laboratory to be investigated some physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Hence, a total number of 16 different soil parameters of the four stands were measured and compared using ANOVA. Besides, the correlation between different soil properties and their relationship with tree species was analyzed, using principal components analysis (PCA). The results showed that among the studied stands, the loblolly pine had a higher mean diameter, mean height, basal area and volume. Regarding soil properties, alder stand possessed the highest porosity and the lowest bulk density. The pine stand, however, was estimated to possess the highest value of basal respiration, substrate induced respirations, microbial carbon biomass, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ration, absorbable potassium and the lowest pH value. Finally, the maple stand possessed the highest amount of absorbable phosphorus. Based on the results of this study, pine species due to its high diameter growth and positive effects on most soil properties is recommended for afforestation in Hyrcanian region and similar habitats in west Asia.
不同造林树种除生长差异外,对土壤质量的影响也不同。本研究旨在探讨栗叶栎、火炬松、黑桤木和波斯枫四种树种造林对伊朗西北部土壤性质的影响。为此,在研究区选取8个400 m2的样地,测量了树木的直径和总高度。然后,从每个林分0 ~ 30 cm的深度取8个土壤样品,转移到土壤实验室,研究土壤的一些物理、化学和生物特性。为此,对4个林分共16个不同土壤参数进行了测量和方差分析比较。此外,利用主成分分析(PCA)分析了不同土壤性质及其与树种关系的相关性。结果表明:火炬松林分的平均直径、平均高度、基面积和体积均高于其他林分;在土壤性质上,桤木林孔隙度最高,容重最低。而松林的基础呼吸、底物诱导呼吸、微生物碳量、有机碳、总氮、碳氮比、可吸收钾均最高,pH值最低。最后,枫树林分的可吸收磷含量最高。基于本研究的结果,松木树种由于其高直径生长和对大多数土壤性质的积极影响,被推荐用于西亚海卡尼亚地区和类似栖息地的造林。
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引用次数: 0
Land use change towards forests and wooded land correlates with large and frequent wildfires in Italy 在意大利,向森林和林地的土地利用变化与大规模和频繁的野火有关
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12899/ASR-2264
D. Ascoli, Jose V. Moris, M. Marchetti, L. Sallustio
It is commonly believed that wildfires in southern Europe have been favored by the encroachment of flammable vegetation on cultivated and grazed areas no longer managed as a consequence of deep socio-economic changes in rural areas. Using the whole of Italy as study case, this paper explores the hypothesis that wildfires selectively burn areas with specific land use changes (LUC) characteristic of agricultural land abandonment, especially in large (> 500 ha) and recurrent burnt areas. Additionally, we examined LUC within 200 m buffer areas around perimeters of large fires to explore if active land management may hamper the growth of large fires. To investigate the study hypotheses, pre-fire LUC were compared within six different geographic domains defined according to the burnt areas from 2007 to 2017 across Italy. Estimates of LUC between 1990 and 2008 came from the Italian Land Use Inventory (IUTI), which is based on photointerpretation of 1,206,198 sample points on high-resolution aerial images. The analyses reveal that LUC in all geographical domains reflect typical trends of agricultural land abandonment in southern Europe during the last decades: expansion of forests, shrubland and new settlements at the expense of agricultural land, grasslands and pastures. However, results show higher rates of pre-fire LUC in burnt areas than in the rest of territory considered available for burning. We found that higher rates of forest expansion and shrub encroachment on abandoned grasslands and pastures are related to a higher incidence of large and recurrent fires, respectively. Furthermore, areas surrounding large fires were less affected by pre-fire land abandonment than burnt areas and show higher increases in vineyards and orchards. Our findings suggest that land abandonment have probably increased fire proneness at national scale by expanding shrub and tree encroachment, and thus increasing fuel connectivity and fuel build-up. Therefore, we urge for a greater integration between fire management and rural development policies.
人们普遍认为,由于农村地区深刻的社会经济变化,易燃植被侵入了不再受管理的耕地和放牧地区,从而助长了南欧的野火。本文以整个意大利为研究案例,探讨了野火选择性燃烧具有特定土地利用变化(LUC)特征的农业用地撂撂区的假设,特别是在大面积(约500公顷)和反复燃烧的区域。此外,我们还研究了大火周边200米缓冲区内的土地覆盖面积,以探索积极的土地管理是否会阻碍大火的生长。为了调查研究假设,根据意大利2007年至2017年的燃烧面积,在六个不同的地理区域内比较了火灾前的土地利用价值。1990年至2008年间的土地利用覆盖率估算来自意大利土地利用清单(IUTI),该清单基于对高分辨率航空图像上1206198个样本点的光解译。分析表明,所有地理领域的土地利用变化都反映了过去几十年南欧农业用地放弃的典型趋势:以农业用地、草原和牧场为代价,扩大森林、灌木丛和新定居点。然而,结果显示,在燃烧地区,火灾前土地利用价值的比率高于其他被认为可用于燃烧的地区。研究发现,森林扩张率较高,灌木林对撂荒草原和撂荒牧场的侵蚀率较高,分别与大火灾和经常性火灾的发生率较高有关。此外,大火周围地区受火灾前土地放弃的影响较小,而葡萄园和果园的增加幅度更高。我们的研究结果表明,土地遗弃可能通过扩大灌木和树木的侵占,从而增加了全国范围内的火灾易发性,从而增加了燃料的连通性和燃料的积累。因此,我们敦促将火灾管理与农村发展政策更大程度地结合起来。
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引用次数: 12
Modeling diameter distribution of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) natural forest in the Aures (Algeria) using the Weibull, Beta and Normal distributions with parameters depending on stand variables 利用威布尔分布、Beta分布和正态分布(参数取决于林分变量)对阿尔及利亚阿勒颇松天然林直径分布进行建模
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12899/ASR-2229
K. Rabhi, Abdallah Bentouati, S. Bahri, T. Sghaier, F. Krouchi, M. Fortin, C. Collet
230 temporary plots located in Aleppo pine ( Pinus halepensis Mill.) stands in the Aures (Algeria) were used for modeling its structure with three theoretical distributions, i.e., the Weibull; the normal and the Beta one. Parameters of the Weibull distribution were estimated using two methods: the maximum likelihood and the method of moments. Diameter distribution models were obtained by estimation of each distribution parameters and by their prediction using stand variables. Results revealed the efficiency of the Weibull distribution estimated with the method of moments. The parameter estimation method is more accurate compared to parameter recovery method despite the existence of strong correlations between parameters of the theoretical distributions and some population variables such as arithmetic or quadratic mean diameter and dominant height. Plot characteristics revealed the existence of several distribution shapes: symmetrical; dissymmetrical with left asymmetry and reverse I or J -shaped distributions.
在阿尔及利亚的阿勒颇松林(Pinus halepensis Mill.)中设置了230个临时地块,利用三种理论分布(即Weibull;一个是普通的,一个是贝塔的。采用极大似然法和矩量法对威布尔分布参数进行了估计。通过对各分布参数的估计和林分变量的预测,得到了直径分布模型。结果表明,矩量法估计的威布尔分布是有效的。尽管理论分布参数与算术或二次平均直径、优势高度等总体变量之间存在较强的相关性,但参数估计方法比参数恢复方法更准确。地块特征揭示了几种分布形态的存在:对称分布;左不对称和反向I或J形分布的不对称。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of voxel size and point cloud density on crown cover estimation in poplar plantations using terrestrial laser scanning 体素大小和点云密度对地面激光扫描杨树林冠盖度估算的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12899/ASR-2256
N. Puletti, M. Grotti, C. Ferrara, F. Chianucci
Accurate estimates of crown cover (CC) are central for a wide range of forestry studies. As direct measurements do not exist to retrieve this variable in the field, CC is conventionally determined from optical measurements as the complement of gap fraction close to the zenith. As an alternative to passive optical measurements, active sensors like Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) allows for characterizing in situ the 3D canopy structure with unprecedented detail. We evaluated the reliability of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to estimate CC using a voxel-based approach. Specifically, we tested how different voxel sizes (5-20 cm) and voxel densities (1-9 points/dm 3 ) influenced the retrieval of CC. Results were compared against benchmark values obtained from DCP. The trial was performed in hybrid poplar plantations in Northern Italy.  Results indicate that TLS can be used for obtaining accurate estimates of CC, but the choice of voxel size and point density is critical for achieving such accuracy. in hybrid poplars, the best performance was obtained using voxel size of 10 cm and point density of 8 points/dm 3 . The combined ability of measuring and mapping CC also holds great potential to use TLS for calibrating and upscaling results using coarser-scale remotely sensed products combined ability of measuring and mapping crown cover also holds great potential to use TLS data for calibrating and upscaling results using coarser-scale remotely sensed products.
准确估计林冠盖度(CC)对广泛的林业研究至关重要。由于不存在直接测量来检索该变量,因此CC通常从光学测量中确定,作为接近天顶的间隙分数的补。作为被动光学测量的替代方案,像光探测和测距(LiDAR)这样的主动传感器允许以前所未有的细节在现场描述3D树冠结构。我们评估了地面激光扫描(TLS)使用基于体素的方法估计CC的可靠性。具体来说,我们测试了不同体素大小(5-20 cm)和体素密度(1-9个点/dm 3)对CC检索的影响,并将结果与从DCP获得的基准值进行了比较。试验在意大利北部的杂交杨树种植园进行。结果表明,TLS可以用于获得准确的CC估计,但体素大小和点密度的选择是实现这种精度的关键。在杂交杨树中,体素大小为10 cm、点密度为8点/dm 3时表现最佳。测量和测绘CC的结合能力也具有利用TLS对较粗比尺遥感产品的结果进行校准和升级的巨大潜力。测量和测绘crown cover的结合能力也具有利用TLS数据对较粗比尺遥感产品的结果进行校准和升级的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 4
Dataset of tree inventory and canopy structure in poplar plantations in Northern Italy 意大利北部杨树人工林树木清查与冠层结构数据集
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.12899/ASR-2177
F. Chianucci, L. Marchino, C. Bidini, A. Giorcelli, D. Coaloa, P. Chiarabaglio, F. Giannetti, G. Chirici, C. Tattoni
The dataset reports data collected in 38 square (50 x 50m) 0.25 ha plots representative of poplar plantations in Lombardy Region (Northern Italy), which were used to calibrate optical information derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite (Sentinel-2) sensors. In each plot, the diameter at breast height was measured using a caliper; height, stem and crown volume of each tree were then derived from diameter using allometric equations developed in an independent study. Additional canopy attributes (foliage and crown cover, crown porosity, leaf area index) were derived in each plot from 12-20 optical images collected using digital cover photography (DCP). The collected data allows characterizing the assessment of structure of these plantations, along with their variation over the rotation time. Canopy and crown data also enable the evaluation of optimal rotation and tree spacing, as well as the relationship between stand and canopy structure. The raw datasets consist of 2,591 records (trees) associated with inventory measurements and 616 records (images) associated with optical canopy measurements. An R code was also provided to calculate plot-level attributes from raw data. Dataset and associated metadata are freely available at http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ycr7w5pvkt.1 .
该数据集报告了在伦巴第地区(意大利北部)代表杨树种植园的38平方(50 x 50米)0.25公顷地块收集的数据,这些数据用于校准来自无人机(UAV)和卫星(Sentinel-2)传感器的光学信息。在每个地块中,使用卡尺测量乳房高度处的直径;每棵树的高度,茎和树冠体积,然后利用在一项独立研究中开发的异速生长方程从直径推导出来。利用数字覆盖摄影(DCP)收集的12-20幅光学图像,得到每个样地的其他冠层属性(叶片和冠盖度、冠孔隙度、叶面积指数)。收集到的数据可以对这些人工林的结构及其随轮作时间的变化进行特征评估。冠层和树冠数据还可以用于评估最佳轮作和树间距,以及林分和冠层结构之间的关系。原始数据集包括与库存测量相关的2,591条记录(树木)和与光学冠层测量相关的616条记录(图像)。还提供了一个R代码来从原始数据中计算图级属性。数据集和相关元数据可在http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ycr7w5pvkt.1免费获得。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Annals of Silvicultural Research
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