O. Saeed, R. T. Abdulghafoor, S. Al-Salmany, Faris Mahmoud Ali, A. Samsudin, Elham Khalifa Mahmood
This research was carried out to analyze the hematological, biochemical and physiological characteristics correlated with climate temperature in Awassi and crossbred sheep. Two hundred fifty adult Awassi and crossbred sheep (Arabi x Hamadani) were used. Three times weekly, ten times for each breed, vital signs, including heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), and skin temperature (ST), were recorded. The heat tolerance indices (HT) and the heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) were evaluated. SAS was used to conduct the analyses, which included variance and correlation analyses. Awassi had a significantly higher (P < 0.01) RR than crossbred in the summer under low stress conditions. Awassi HR was significantly lower than that of crossbred sheep, which recorded the highest value in summer. There were no significant differences in RT, HT and HTC between Awassi and crossbred sheep. MCH, MCV, and RDW increased substantially in Awassi sheep exposed to colder winter temperatures. In summer, Awassi's liver enzyme and triglyceride levels significantly decreased, while albumin levels increased. Both HT and HTC had negative correlations with RR. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Awassi breed is equally adapted to the region's hot and arid climate.
{"title":"Effect of temperature on the physiological characteristics of Awassi and crossbred sheep","authors":"O. Saeed, R. T. Abdulghafoor, S. Al-Salmany, Faris Mahmoud Ali, A. Samsudin, Elham Khalifa Mahmood","doi":"10.31893/jabb.23031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23031","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to analyze the hematological, biochemical and physiological characteristics correlated with climate temperature in Awassi and crossbred sheep. Two hundred fifty adult Awassi and crossbred sheep (Arabi x Hamadani) were used. Three times weekly, ten times for each breed, vital signs, including heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), and skin temperature (ST), were recorded. The heat tolerance indices (HT) and the heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) were evaluated. SAS was used to conduct the analyses, which included variance and correlation analyses. Awassi had a significantly higher (P < 0.01) RR than crossbred in the summer under low stress conditions. Awassi HR was significantly lower than that of crossbred sheep, which recorded the highest value in summer. There were no significant differences in RT, HT and HTC between Awassi and crossbred sheep. MCH, MCV, and RDW increased substantially in Awassi sheep exposed to colder winter temperatures. In summer, Awassi's liver enzyme and triglyceride levels significantly decreased, while albumin levels increased. Both HT and HTC had negative correlations with RR. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Awassi breed is equally adapted to the region's hot and arid climate.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Makhanbetova, N. Kazhgaliyev, A. S. Shamshidin, Z. Titanov, D. K. Ibrayev, B. Ateikhan
In this paper, we aimed to study the influence of genotype and season on sperm production in beef cattle sires in Kazakhstan. Based on the results obtained over five years of using beef cattle sires, it can be considered that the spring and summer periods have a significant impact on Kazakh Whiteheaded sires; the winter and summer periods affect Aberdeen-Angus sires, and the spring period affects Hereford sires. Other seasons mainly had a positive influence on sperm production indicators, and if there were any changes, they were not significant. The highest concentration in the ejaculate was observed in Kazakh Whiteheaded sires during the winter-autumn period, amounting to 0.82 billion/ml; in Aberdeen-Angus sires during the spring-autumn period, it was 0.72-0.72 billion/ml; and in Hereford sires during the autumn period, it was 0.82 billion/ml. Autumn had a positive influence on all genotypes.
{"title":"Influence of genotype and season on the sperm production of beef cattle-producing bulls in Kazakhstan","authors":"A. Makhanbetova, N. Kazhgaliyev, A. S. Shamshidin, Z. Titanov, D. K. Ibrayev, B. Ateikhan","doi":"10.31893/jabb.23030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23030","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we aimed to study the influence of genotype and season on sperm production in beef cattle sires in Kazakhstan. Based on the results obtained over five years of using beef cattle sires, it can be considered that the spring and summer periods have a significant impact on Kazakh Whiteheaded sires; the winter and summer periods affect Aberdeen-Angus sires, and the spring period affects Hereford sires. Other seasons mainly had a positive influence on sperm production indicators, and if there were any changes, they were not significant. The highest concentration in the ejaculate was observed in Kazakh Whiteheaded sires during the winter-autumn period, amounting to 0.82 billion/ml; in Aberdeen-Angus sires during the spring-autumn period, it was 0.72-0.72 billion/ml; and in Hereford sires during the autumn period, it was 0.82 billion/ml. Autumn had a positive influence on all genotypes.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139271287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rodríguez-Borbón, Juan F. Medrano, Milton G. Thomas, R. Enns, S. Speidel, J. F. Torres-Simental, F. Rivera-Acuña, J. F. Hernández-Chávez, P. Luna-Nevárez
Embryo transfer (ET) is an artificial reproductive technology used for the genetic improvement of cattle. High variation has been observed in superovulation (SPO) and embryo flush recovery, which appear to be influenced by donor cow genetics. Then, the objective was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the genes IGF1 and IGF1R associated with reproductive traits related to SPO response in dairy cows raised in a semiarid region. Sixty-four Holstein cows were subjected to SPO, artificial insemination, and nonsurgical embryo collection. Individual blood samples were collected and used to genotype 13 SNPs from the genes IGF1 and IGF1R. Additional blood samples were collected to measure anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentrations. Ovarian and embryo traits related to SPO response were evaluated. A mixed-effects model was used to identify associations between SNPs and SPO-related traits. A regression model was implemented to calculate allele substitution effects. From 13 SNPs, the SNP rs109763947 in the gene IGF1 and the SNPs rs110343126 and rs208140993 in the gene IGF1R were predictors for six traits evaluated in superovulated cows. The most favorable genotypes for these SNPs were CC, AA and GG, respectively. A linear trend was detected, suggesting an additive effect of the genes. Moreover, all traits evaluated in the current study improved as the number of favorable SNP genotypes increased, confirming a positive contribution of the SNP genes. In conclusion, three SNPs in the genes IGF1 and IGF1R were marker predictors for reproductive traits related to SPO response and embryo production in Holstein cows managed in a semiarid region.
{"title":"Polymorphisms within the IGF1 and IGF1R genes associated with superovulation-related traits in Holstein dairy cows managed in a semiarid environment","authors":"A. Rodríguez-Borbón, Juan F. Medrano, Milton G. Thomas, R. Enns, S. Speidel, J. F. Torres-Simental, F. Rivera-Acuña, J. F. Hernández-Chávez, P. Luna-Nevárez","doi":"10.31893/jabb.23029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23029","url":null,"abstract":"Embryo transfer (ET) is an artificial reproductive technology used for the genetic improvement of cattle. High variation has been observed in superovulation (SPO) and embryo flush recovery, which appear to be influenced by donor cow genetics. Then, the objective was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the genes IGF1 and IGF1R associated with reproductive traits related to SPO response in dairy cows raised in a semiarid region. Sixty-four Holstein cows were subjected to SPO, artificial insemination, and nonsurgical embryo collection. Individual blood samples were collected and used to genotype 13 SNPs from the genes IGF1 and IGF1R. Additional blood samples were collected to measure anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentrations. Ovarian and embryo traits related to SPO response were evaluated. A mixed-effects model was used to identify associations between SNPs and SPO-related traits. A regression model was implemented to calculate allele substitution effects. From 13 SNPs, the SNP rs109763947 in the gene IGF1 and the SNPs rs110343126 and rs208140993 in the gene IGF1R were predictors for six traits evaluated in superovulated cows. The most favorable genotypes for these SNPs were CC, AA and GG, respectively. A linear trend was detected, suggesting an additive effect of the genes. Moreover, all traits evaluated in the current study improved as the number of favorable SNP genotypes increased, confirming a positive contribution of the SNP genes. In conclusion, three SNPs in the genes IGF1 and IGF1R were marker predictors for reproductive traits related to SPO response and embryo production in Holstein cows managed in a semiarid region.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mateus Medeiros dos Santos, J. Souza-Júnior, T. S. Castelo, J. P. Queiroz, L. L. M. Costa
We aimed to assess the physiological and biophysical responses of Nellore bulls exposed to solar radiation in semiarid conditions throughout the day. Sixteen Nellore bulls were examined in Tibau city, Northeast Brazil (5°52ʹ South, 37°20ʹ West, and 37 m above sea level) over four nonconsecutive days, with data collection taking place at one-hour intervals between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm. Four animals were analyzed each day and kept exposed to the sun for the duration of the study. The average age of the animals was three years, and their average body weight was 650±32 kg. The meteorological station measured air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), solar radiation (W.m-2), and black globe temperatures (°C) every minute, while a digital anemometer thermohygrometer measured wind speed (m.s-1) at the same time. Respiratory rate (breaths.min-1), expired air temperature (°C), rectal temperature (°C), and body surface temperature (°C) were measured as physiological variables. Biophysical equations were used to estimate the sensible and latent heat transfer mechanisms (W.m-2). The air temperature ranged from 28.5 to 32.5°C, and direct solar radiation was between 21 and 891 W.m-². Between 11:00 am and 1:00 pm, the study observed heat gain through longwave radiation, which reached an average of 250 W.m-2, with a significant increase (P < 0.05) in respiratory rate and body surface temperature during this time. Convection was significant in heat dissipation, particularly when the wind speed was increased from 11:00 am. However, latent heat loss mechanisms were more effective in losing excess body heat under total sun exposure, despite the positive effect of convection. The study findings showed that Nellore bulls maintained their body temperature within a narrow range even when exposed to high solar radiation, thus demonstrating the efficiency of physiological and biophysical mechanisms during times of greater thermal challenge.
{"title":"Surviving heat: Resilience of Nellore bulls to solar radiation exposure","authors":"Mateus Medeiros dos Santos, J. Souza-Júnior, T. S. Castelo, J. P. Queiroz, L. L. M. Costa","doi":"10.31893/jabb.23027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23027","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to assess the physiological and biophysical responses of Nellore bulls exposed to solar radiation in semiarid conditions throughout the day. Sixteen Nellore bulls were examined in Tibau city, Northeast Brazil (5°52ʹ South, 37°20ʹ West, and 37 m above sea level) over four nonconsecutive days, with data collection taking place at one-hour intervals between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm. Four animals were analyzed each day and kept exposed to the sun for the duration of the study. The average age of the animals was three years, and their average body weight was 650±32 kg. The meteorological station measured air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), solar radiation (W.m-2), and black globe temperatures (°C) every minute, while a digital anemometer thermohygrometer measured wind speed (m.s-1) at the same time. Respiratory rate (breaths.min-1), expired air temperature (°C), rectal temperature (°C), and body surface temperature (°C) were measured as physiological variables. Biophysical equations were used to estimate the sensible and latent heat transfer mechanisms (W.m-2). The air temperature ranged from 28.5 to 32.5°C, and direct solar radiation was between 21 and 891 W.m-². Between 11:00 am and 1:00 pm, the study observed heat gain through longwave radiation, which reached an average of 250 W.m-2, with a significant increase (P < 0.05) in respiratory rate and body surface temperature during this time. Convection was significant in heat dissipation, particularly when the wind speed was increased from 11:00 am. However, latent heat loss mechanisms were more effective in losing excess body heat under total sun exposure, despite the positive effect of convection. The study findings showed that Nellore bulls maintained their body temperature within a narrow range even when exposed to high solar radiation, thus demonstrating the efficiency of physiological and biophysical mechanisms during times of greater thermal challenge.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44783847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Chumsri, F. Tina, Areerat Vongkok, Malinee Chinnanon, Nipaporn Chuaytanee, A. Angajchariya, C. Sujarit
Human disturbances affect the macroinvertebrate populations in coastal regions. They respond to disturbances by altering their density and behaviour. Therefore, many of them are used as bioindicator species of human disturbance. Here, we pioneer the use of fiddler crabs to examine whether they alter their behaviour under human disturbance. Male fiddler crabs possess one large claw used for courting (waving) and fighting, and one small feeding claw, whereas females have two feeding claws. They show several surface activities. This study investigates (1) the effects of human disturbance on density and sex-ratio, and (2) the effects of human disturbance, and sex on behavioural time allocations in Austruca annulipes. Their density, sex-ratio, and time allocations were investigated in human-disturbed area (DA) and nondisturbed area (NDA). They showed feeding, feeding and walking, walking, running, standing/vigilance, inside burrows, burrowing, grooming, fighting, and waving. The results showed that crab density was higher and the sex ratio was more male biased in NDA than in DA. Human disturbance and sex affected time allocations but their interaction had no effect. Crabs in DA spent more time running, standing, and inside burrows but less time walking, burrowing, fighting, and waving than crabs in NDA. Between sexes, males spent more time standing, burrowing, grooming, and fighting but less time feeding, and walking than females. This indicates that human disturbances force the crabs to spend more time on anti-predator and escape behavior (standing/vigilance, running, inside burrows) rather than courting (waving) and constructing burrows (mating/breeding sites), which are important for breeding.
{"title":"Human disturbance affects behavioural time allocation in a fiddler crab (Austruca annulipes) in Southern Thailand","authors":"A. Chumsri, F. Tina, Areerat Vongkok, Malinee Chinnanon, Nipaporn Chuaytanee, A. Angajchariya, C. Sujarit","doi":"10.31893/jabb.23025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23025","url":null,"abstract":"Human disturbances affect the macroinvertebrate populations in coastal regions. They respond to disturbances by altering their density and behaviour. Therefore, many of them are used as bioindicator species of human disturbance. Here, we pioneer the use of fiddler crabs to examine whether they alter their behaviour under human disturbance. Male fiddler crabs possess one large claw used for courting (waving) and fighting, and one small feeding claw, whereas females have two feeding claws. They show several surface activities. This study investigates (1) the effects of human disturbance on density and sex-ratio, and (2) the effects of human disturbance, and sex on behavioural time allocations in Austruca annulipes. Their density, sex-ratio, and time allocations were investigated in human-disturbed area (DA) and nondisturbed area (NDA). They showed feeding, feeding and walking, walking, running, standing/vigilance, inside burrows, burrowing, grooming, fighting, and waving. The results showed that crab density was higher and the sex ratio was more male biased in NDA than in DA. Human disturbance and sex affected time allocations but their interaction had no effect. Crabs in DA spent more time running, standing, and inside burrows but less time walking, burrowing, fighting, and waving than crabs in NDA. Between sexes, males spent more time standing, burrowing, grooming, and fighting but less time feeding, and walking than females. This indicates that human disturbances force the crabs to spend more time on anti-predator and escape behavior (standing/vigilance, running, inside burrows) rather than courting (waving) and constructing burrows (mating/breeding sites), which are important for breeding.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47638384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean Bosco Nzeyimana, Caiyun Fan, Lun Tan, Joseph Butore, Zhao Zhuo, Jianbo Cheng
The objective of this meta-analysis was to analyze the effect of feeding live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on feed intake (FI), lactation performance (LP), rumen fermentation (RF), and rumen microbiota (RM) in dairy cattle. We performed a literature search using the Boolean search approach with MeSH keywords, including live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. cerevisiae, feed intake, lactation, performance traits, rumen, fermentation, microbiota, and cattle. Twenty-five (25) articles published contained at least data on feed intake, lactation performance or milk production parameters, rumen fermentation or digestibility, and rumen microbiota measured for experiments involving dairy animals have been selected. Microsoft Excel performed data extraction and organization, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Few studies have observed a negative impact of the LY on the FI (8%), LP (12%), RF (4%), and RM (8%), but the majority of the selected studies reported a positive impact of adding LY (FI: 36%, LP: 52%, RF: 52% and RM: 40%). Cows supplemented with LY showed a marginal decrease in feeding rate; min/d (0.13 vs. 0.14; p=0.65), interval between meals; min (142.1 vs. 1603, p=0.09), meal size; kg of DM/meal (3.4 vs. 3.8, p=0.09), meal duration; min/meal (32.5 vs.35.3, p=0.39), lying boots; no/d (9.5 vs. 9.6, p=0.83), eating boot; bout/day (80.7 vs.8.26, p=0.24), and lying time; min/d (671.1 vs. 697.5, p=0.51). However, LY increases feeding duration; min/d (232.0 vs.226.6, p=0.65), meal frequency; meal/d (9.0 vs.7.8, p=0.07), rumination; min/d (570.3 vs. 344.9, 344.9, p=0.08), and meal criterion with significance; min (20.0 vs. 25.8, p=0.04). Meta-regression of the covariate effect shows that using live yeast products in the cattle diet significantly increased the Lactation Performance (p=.001) and Feed Intake (p=.001). However, it enabled a higher average ruminal Fermentation (p=.005) and microbiota (p=.003). Furthermore, the timing of live yeast culture before calving could influence the performance and ruminal parameters, especially the microbiomes (p=0.006). A little increase in milk yield (1.4kg/day) and lower SCS（somatic cells score (2.76) were observed in LY. This meta-analysis indicated feeding live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) could improve feeding behaviour, animal performance, and herd productivity (milk and rumen health). However, further research is required to study its effect on feed intake and rumen microbiota in dairy cattle.
{"title":"Meta-analysis of the effect of feeding live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on feeding behaviour and lactation performance, rumen fermentation, and rumen microbiota in dairy cattle","authors":"Jean Bosco Nzeyimana, Caiyun Fan, Lun Tan, Joseph Butore, Zhao Zhuo, Jianbo Cheng","doi":"10.31893/jabb.23028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23028","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this meta-analysis was to analyze the effect of feeding live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on feed intake (FI), lactation performance (LP), rumen fermentation (RF), and rumen microbiota (RM) in dairy cattle. We performed a literature search using the Boolean search approach with MeSH keywords, including live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. cerevisiae, feed intake, lactation, performance traits, rumen, fermentation, microbiota, and cattle. Twenty-five (25) articles published contained at least data on feed intake, lactation performance or milk production parameters, rumen fermentation or digestibility, and rumen microbiota measured for experiments involving dairy animals have been selected. Microsoft Excel performed data extraction and organization, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Few studies have observed a negative impact of the LY on the FI (8%), LP (12%), RF (4%), and RM (8%), but the majority of the selected studies reported a positive impact of adding LY (FI: 36%, LP: 52%, RF: 52% and RM: 40%). Cows supplemented with LY showed a marginal decrease in feeding rate; min/d (0.13 vs. 0.14; p=0.65), interval between meals; min (142.1 vs. 1603, p=0.09), meal size; kg of DM/meal (3.4 vs. 3.8, p=0.09), meal duration; min/meal (32.5 vs.35.3, p=0.39), lying boots; no/d (9.5 vs. 9.6, p=0.83), eating boot; bout/day (80.7 vs.8.26, p=0.24), and lying time; min/d (671.1 vs. 697.5, p=0.51). However, LY increases feeding duration; min/d (232.0 vs.226.6, p=0.65), meal frequency; meal/d (9.0 vs.7.8, p=0.07), rumination; min/d (570.3 vs. 344.9, 344.9, p=0.08), and meal criterion with significance; min (20.0 vs. 25.8, p=0.04). Meta-regression of the covariate effect shows that using live yeast products in the cattle diet significantly increased the Lactation Performance (p=.001) and Feed Intake (p=.001). However, it enabled a higher average ruminal Fermentation (p=.005) and microbiota (p=.003). Furthermore, the timing of live yeast culture before calving could influence the performance and ruminal parameters, especially the microbiomes (p=0.006). A little increase in milk yield (1.4kg/day) and lower SCS（somatic cells score (2.76) were observed in LY. This meta-analysis indicated feeding live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) could improve feeding behaviour, animal performance, and herd productivity (milk and rumen health). However, further research is required to study its effect on feed intake and rumen microbiota in dairy cattle.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45094522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramji Gautam, B. Gautam, Yusuke Noda, J. Belant, H. P. Sharma
Understanding wildlife behavior, including accurate identification, processing, and interpretation of activities or cues, is important to behavioral biology and corresponding conservation strategies. We characterized the breeding activities of the critically endangered White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis following a sequential pattern from courtship to fledging. We recorded 4,160 visual observations of 20 behaviors of eight pairs of White-rumped Vultures from September 2021–April 2022 and constructed Markov chain models to model three composite behaviors (i.e., breeding, foraging, and roosting). We found that vultures at four nests displayed >70% of the time in breeding behavior, and each nest produced offspring, indicating a potential correlation between breeding behavior and successful reproductive outcomes. Our model explained each composite behavior with high accuracy. Identifying behaviors White-rumped Vulture have practical applications for developing management plans for their conservation, including the timing of critical reproductive events. Our findings and approach can improve our understanding of White-rumped Vulture behavioral ecology and conservation and have applications for other species.
{"title":"Analyzing White-rumped Vulture breeding behavior using Markovian modeling","authors":"Ramji Gautam, B. Gautam, Yusuke Noda, J. Belant, H. P. Sharma","doi":"10.31893/jabb.23024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23024","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding wildlife behavior, including accurate identification, processing, and interpretation of activities or cues, is important to behavioral biology and corresponding conservation strategies. We characterized the breeding activities of the critically endangered White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis following a sequential pattern from courtship to fledging. We recorded 4,160 visual observations of 20 behaviors of eight pairs of White-rumped Vultures from September 2021–April 2022 and constructed Markov chain models to model three composite behaviors (i.e., breeding, foraging, and roosting). We found that vultures at four nests displayed >70% of the time in breeding behavior, and each nest produced offspring, indicating a potential correlation between breeding behavior and successful reproductive outcomes. Our model explained each composite behavior with high accuracy. Identifying behaviors White-rumped Vulture have practical applications for developing management plans for their conservation, including the timing of critical reproductive events. Our findings and approach can improve our understanding of White-rumped Vulture behavioral ecology and conservation and have applications for other species.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46258308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of using light-emitting diode (LED) lamps versus incandescent/tungsten (Inc) bulbs on broiler breeder hens’ productive performance during the brooding and rearing periods (25 weeks), as well as the first 15 weeks of production. A total of 46600 one-day-old Arbor Acres Plus breeder chicks were placed in eight enclosed houses and randomly/evenly divided into two groups (four houses for each group): birds raised under yellow LED lighting, and birds raised under orange Inc lighting. Several traits have been studied to determine productive performance, including body weight at different ages, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate, uniformity, age and weight at sexual maturity, egg number, egg production rate, egg number per bird, egg weight, and egg mass. According to the findings, using LED lighting instead of Inc lighting during the rearing period resulted in a significant improvement in all studied traits, and this positive effect continued until the production period, yielding excellent results for all studied production traits. LED lighting proved to be an effective source of lighting in broiler breeders’ houses.
{"title":"Effect of different lighting sources on the performance of broiler breeder hens","authors":"A. Soliman, M. Khafaga, F. Soliman, K. El-Sabrout","doi":"10.31893/jabb.23026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23026","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of using light-emitting diode (LED) lamps versus incandescent/tungsten (Inc) bulbs on broiler breeder hens’ productive performance during the brooding and rearing periods (25 weeks), as well as the first 15 weeks of production. A total of 46600 one-day-old Arbor Acres Plus breeder chicks were placed in eight enclosed houses and randomly/evenly divided into two groups (four houses for each group): birds raised under yellow LED lighting, and birds raised under orange Inc lighting. Several traits have been studied to determine productive performance, including body weight at different ages, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate, uniformity, age and weight at sexual maturity, egg number, egg production rate, egg number per bird, egg weight, and egg mass. According to the findings, using LED lighting instead of Inc lighting during the rearing period resulted in a significant improvement in all studied traits, and this positive effect continued until the production period, yielding excellent results for all studied production traits. LED lighting proved to be an effective source of lighting in broiler breeders’ houses.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43756193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Mota-Rojas, I. Guerrero-Legarreta, D. Rodríguez-González, R. Cruz-Monterrosa, Adolfo Álvarez-Macías, Aldo Bertoni-Mendoza, A. Domínguez-Oliva, F. Napolitano
Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) production in Mexico has generated particular interest in understanding the bases of the development of this species. As a result, alliances have emerged between scientific, governmental, industrial, and productive sectors and other organisms involved with this species nationally and internationally. We must recognize that thanks to specific anatomical characteristics, water buffaloes present a low incidence of complications during calving, though they are not exempt from obstetric and perinatological problems that can end in morbidity and mortality for mother and/or offspring, with losses for both branches of dual-purpose production systems: calves-milk and meat, and draft animals. This article analyzes scientific advances related to water buffalo production in Mexico, including productivity, thermoregulation, behavior, and physiology, and key subthemes like obstetric and perinatological handling, imprinting, milking, and dual-purpose production systems. It highlights features inherent to milk production and the neurophysiological and metabolic processes involved in obtaining meat and milk. Finally, it presents a brief overview of current legislation and summarizes key areas of opportunity.
{"title":"Behavioral, productive, and reproductive aspects of the water buffalo in Mexico","authors":"D. Mota-Rojas, I. Guerrero-Legarreta, D. Rodríguez-González, R. Cruz-Monterrosa, Adolfo Álvarez-Macías, Aldo Bertoni-Mendoza, A. Domínguez-Oliva, F. Napolitano","doi":"10.31893/jabb.23021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23021","url":null,"abstract":"Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) production in Mexico has generated particular interest in understanding the bases of the development of this species. As a result, alliances have emerged between scientific, governmental, industrial, and productive sectors and other organisms involved with this species nationally and internationally. We must recognize that thanks to specific anatomical characteristics, water buffaloes present a low incidence of complications during calving, though they are not exempt from obstetric and perinatological problems that can end in morbidity and mortality for mother and/or offspring, with losses for both branches of dual-purpose production systems: calves-milk and meat, and draft animals. This article analyzes scientific advances related to water buffalo production in Mexico, including productivity, thermoregulation, behavior, and physiology, and key subthemes like obstetric and perinatological handling, imprinting, milking, and dual-purpose production systems. It highlights features inherent to milk production and the neurophysiological and metabolic processes involved in obtaining meat and milk. Finally, it presents a brief overview of current legislation and summarizes key areas of opportunity.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48126228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Carlos Di Trani, V. Ramírez, A. Barba, Y. Añino
Watermelon is one of the most important fruit crops in the world, but their flowers require bees for pollination. In this study we determine bee species visiting watermelon flowers, their daily visits and the resource they forage during 84 observation days on crops in Los Santos, Panama. Native bees, especially stingless bees represented most of the visits, so they probably play a very important role on the pollination of the crops within the zone. The most frequent bee species visiting flowers were N. perilampoides (58.7%), A. mellifera (23%), and P. peckolti (4%). Most of the bees foraged nectar, with very similar numbers between staminate and pistillate flowers. Honeybees dedicated almost half of their visits (47.7%) for pollen collection, and made most of their daily visits between 7:00 and 8:00 hours, whereas stingless bees visits picked up between 8:00 and 9:00 hours. Nectar visits were shorter than pollen visits, and overall, honeybees made the shortest visits to watermelon flowers. We found significant differences in the daily foraging patterns between bee species foraging for resources during the 84 observation period (Friedman P<0.05). We also found bee characteristics (size, color and sociability) and hour of the day significantly influenced flower visits for resources (GLMM P<0.05). Our results can be useful for predicting behavior of some of the Central American bee species, and managing and protecting those species, and improving fruit production in local watermelon crops.
{"title":"Foraging patterns of bees on watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) flowers in Panama","authors":"Juan Carlos Di Trani, V. Ramírez, A. Barba, Y. Añino","doi":"10.31893/jabb.23022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23022","url":null,"abstract":"Watermelon is one of the most important fruit crops in the world, but their flowers require bees for pollination. In this study we determine bee species visiting watermelon flowers, their daily visits and the resource they forage during 84 observation days on crops in Los Santos, Panama. Native bees, especially stingless bees represented most of the visits, so they probably play a very important role on the pollination of the crops within the zone. The most frequent bee species visiting flowers were N. perilampoides (58.7%), A. mellifera (23%), and P. peckolti (4%). Most of the bees foraged nectar, with very similar numbers between staminate and pistillate flowers. Honeybees dedicated almost half of their visits (47.7%) for pollen collection, and made most of their daily visits between 7:00 and 8:00 hours, whereas stingless bees visits picked up between 8:00 and 9:00 hours. Nectar visits were shorter than pollen visits, and overall, honeybees made the shortest visits to watermelon flowers. We found significant differences in the daily foraging patterns between bee species foraging for resources during the 84 observation period (Friedman P<0.05). We also found bee characteristics (size, color and sociability) and hour of the day significantly influenced flower visits for resources (GLMM P<0.05). Our results can be useful for predicting behavior of some of the Central American bee species, and managing and protecting those species, and improving fruit production in local watermelon crops.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41953116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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