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Preference of online friends over face-to-face friends: Effect of interpersonal fears on online relationship building preference 网络朋友对面对面朋友的偏好:人际恐惧对网络关系建立偏好的影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.6711
R. Shabahang, M. Aruguete, Hyejin Shim, Benyamin Mokhtari Chirani
The emergence of online social networking has increased development of exclusively online friendships. Individuals in online environments are willing to invest considerable time and effort to develop and maintain relationships as they would in other gathering spaces. In some cases, individuals find it preferable to make friends via the internet over more traditional means of relationship formation. The current study examines preference for online friends over face-to-face friends. Initially, we developed a brief, one-dimensional, 11-item questionnaire assessing online friendship preference based on semi-structured interviews. Confirmatory factor analysis showed support for a one-factor model. Internal consistency was established using inter-item correlation, corrected item-total correlation, and Cronbach’s α. Subsequently, we examined the psychological determinants and consequences of preference for online friendship formation. Participants who reported higher fear of intimacy and perceived relationship vulnerability reported greater preference for online friends over face-to-face friends. Preference for online friendship was related to increased risk of problematic internet use. The findings suggest that interpersonal fears, combined with attributes of online communication (e.g., reduced social cues and more personal control) motivate some individuals to prefer online intimacies over face-to-face friendships, thereby increasing time spent online.
在线社交网络的出现促进了纯在线友谊的发展。在线环境中的个人愿意投入大量的时间和精力来发展和维持关系,就像他们在其他聚会空间一样。在某些情况下,人们发现通过互联网交朋友比通过更传统的方式交朋友更可取。目前的研究调查了人们对网络朋友的偏好,而不是面对面的朋友。最初,我们开发了一份简短的、一维的、包含11个项目的基于半结构化访谈的在线友谊偏好评估问卷。验证性因子分析显示支持单因素模型。内部一致性采用项目间相关、校正项目-总相关和Cronbach’s α建立。随后,我们研究了在线友谊形成偏好的心理决定因素和后果。那些对亲密关系有更高恐惧和感知到关系脆弱性的参与者表示,他们更喜欢网上的朋友,而不是面对面的朋友。对网络友谊的偏好与网络使用问题的风险增加有关。研究结果表明,人际恐惧加上在线交流的特性(例如,减少社交线索和更多个人控制)促使一些人更喜欢在线亲密关系,而不是面对面的友谊,从而增加了在网上花费的时间。
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引用次数: 3
The dark triad, love components, and attachment styles in romantic relationship experiencing during young adulthood 青年时期浪漫关系体验中的黑暗三位一体、爱情成分和依恋类型
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.4687
Radka Čopková, Eva Lörincová
The aim of this research was to clarify the nature of experiencing relationships in connection with the dark aspects of personality—Dark Triad. The study was conducted on a sample of 293 young adults (Mage = 22.9, SD = 3.4), 53.6% of females and 46.4% of males. The Slovak version of Short Dark Triad—SD3, the Slovak version of The Sternberg Triangular Love Scale (STLS) and the Slovak version of Experience in Close relationship—Revised were administered. The model of complex relationships of the Dark triad, components of love and attachment style explained 83% of the variation of the attachment style in a close relationship. The Dark triad had a direct negative effect on the love components and a direct positive effect on the attachment style in a close relationship. The components of love had a direct negative effect on the attachment style in a close relationship. In the model, gender differences were found.
这项研究的目的是澄清与人格黑暗方面有关的人际关系体验的本质——黑暗三位一体。研究对象为293名青壮年,其中女性占53.6%,男性占46.4%,年龄≥22.9,SD = 3.4。采用斯洛伐克版《短黑暗三联量表》(sd3)、斯洛伐克版《斯滕贝格三角爱情量表》(STLS)和斯洛伐克版《亲密关系经验-修订版》进行测试。黑暗三位一体的复杂关系模型、爱的组成部分和依恋类型解释了亲密关系中83%的依恋类型变化。在亲密关系中,黑暗特质对爱情成分有直接的负向影响,对依恋类型有直接的正向影响。在亲密关系中,爱的成分对依恋类型有直接的负向影响。在模型中,发现了性别差异。
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引用次数: 1
Cognitive and language development in preschoolers is related to maternal cognitive performance: A study of young mothers in an urban area of a city in Southern Brazil 学龄前儿童的认知和语言发展与母亲的认知表现有关:一项对巴西南部城市地区年轻母亲的研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.4709
F. T. Coelho, J. P. Trettim, R. Castelli, Mariana Carret Soares, Natália da Costa Dias, Graciela Coelho Espírito Santo, D. M. Böhm, Daniele Behling de Mello, C. Scholl, Bárbara Borges Rubin, M. B. de Matos, R. Pinheiro, L. Quevedo
To evaluate the relationship between maternal cognitive performance and language and cognitive development of children between 24 and 36 months old of mothers who became pregnant in adolescence, in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort study with adolescent mothers who received prenatal care in the city’s public health system. To assess maternal cognitive performance, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used and Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III) are used to assess children's language and cognition development. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 22.0) software. Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA and linear regression were performed. We evaluated 496 mother-child dyads. In the adjusted analysis, we found that children's language remained associated with maternal cognitive performance (p = .027, CI [0.0, 0.6]) and child’s gender (p < .001, CI [−7.2, −2.4]). Besides that children cognitive development remained associated with maternal cognitive performance (p = .008, CI [0.1, 0.6]) and child’s gender (p = .030, CI [−4.5, −0.2]). Our results suggest that poor maternal cognitive performance is associated with lower levels of children's language and cognitive development. The results contributing to early identification and intervention in children of mothers with poor cognitive performance at higher risk of negative developmental outcomes.
在巴西南部的佩洛塔斯市,为了评估在青春期怀孕的母亲的认知表现与24至36个月大的孩子的语言和认知发展之间的关系。这是一项横断面研究,嵌套在一项队列研究中,研究对象是在该市公共卫生系统接受产前护理的青春期母亲。采用蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)和贝利婴儿发展量表(BSID-III)对母亲的认知能力进行评估。数据分析采用SPSS (Version 22.0)软件。Pearson相关、t检验、方差分析和线性回归分析。我们评估了496对母子。在调整分析中,我们发现儿童的语言仍然与母亲的认知表现(p = 0.027, CI[0.0, 0.6])和儿童的性别(p < .001, CI[−7.2,−2.4])相关。此外,儿童的认知发展仍与母亲的认知表现(p = 0.008, CI[0.1, 0.6])和儿童的性别(p = 0.030, CI[- 4.5, - 0.2])有关。我们的研究结果表明,母亲较差的认知表现与儿童较低的语言和认知发展水平有关。研究结果有助于早期识别和干预认知能力差的母亲的孩子,他们的孩子有更高的负面发展结果风险。
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引用次数: 0
A 10 nation exploration of trustworthiness in the workplace 10个国家对工作场所可信度的探索
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.5639
C. T. Kwantes, A. Kartolo
In the context of the workplace, and especially in today’s often fast-paced, cross-cultural and virtual work environment, a basic type of trust—“swift trust”—forms quickly based on cognitive processes and beliefs, or stereotypes, of another. Interpersonal trust is in large part based on these contextualized assessments of the extent to which another person is trustworthy. While trust across cultural boundaries has been examined, there is a lack of research investigating how trustworthiness is determined cross-culturally, especially with respect to what heuristics are used in the development of trust. The current project explored how trustworthiness is conceptualized and described for both colleagues and supervisors across 10 nations using the Stereotype Content Model. Qualitative descriptors of trustworthy supervisors and colleagues were coded based on the importance ascribed to warmth and competence, and these codes were used as the basis for cluster analyses to examine similarities and differences in descriptors of role-based trustworthiness. Both differences and similarities in the expectations of trustworthiness were found across the national samples. Some cultures emphasized both warmth and competence as equally important components to developing trustworthiness, some emphasized only warmth, while others emphasized only competence. Variations of trustworthiness stereotypes were found in all but two national samples based on role expectations for supervisors and colleagues. Data from the GLOBE project related to societal cultural practices and cultural leadership prototypes were drawn on to discuss findings.
在工作场所的背景下,特别是在当今快节奏、跨文化和虚拟的工作环境中,一种基本类型的信任——“快速信任”——基于对他人的认知过程和信念或刻板印象迅速形成。人际信任在很大程度上是基于对另一个人值得信赖程度的这些情境化评估。虽然已经研究了跨文化边界的信任,但缺乏关于如何跨文化确定可信度的研究,特别是关于在信任发展中使用的启发式。目前的项目探索了如何使用刻板印象内容模型对10个国家的同事和主管进行可信度概念化和描述。根据对热情和能力的重视程度对可信赖上司和同事的定性描述符进行编码,并将这些编码作为聚类分析的基础,以检验基于角色的可信赖描述符的异同。在不同国家的样本中,人们对可信度的期望既有差异也有相似之处。一些文化强调热情和能力是发展诚信的同等重要的组成部分,一些文化只强调热情,而另一些文化只强调能力。基于对主管和同事的角色期望,除了两个国家样本外,在所有国家样本中都发现了可信度刻板印象的变化。来自GLOBE项目的有关社会文化习俗和文化领导原型的数据被用来讨论研究结果。
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引用次数: 0
Social network pressure on women and men to enter a romantic relationship and fear of being single 社会网络对男女进入恋爱关系的压力和对单身的恐惧
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.6139
S. Sprecher, Diane H Felmlee
The romantic dyad is emphasized in society, which leads to the question of whether single (non-partnered) adults in emerging adulthood perceive pressure from their social network members to become partnered. The first purpose of this study was to examine the degree of pressure to enter a relationship that single (unattached) men and women perceive that they receive from two social networks (parents/family and friends) and whether there is a gender difference in this degree of pressure to partner. The second purpose was to examine how social pressure to partner is associated with the fear of being single (FOBS). A sample of 616 single (unpartnered) adults ages 18 to 30, primarily from the U.S., reported some degree of network pressure to enter a relationship on average. Greater pressure to become partnered was perceived from parents/family than from friends. Women scored higher than men on an index of social pressure from parents/family to enter a relationship and also higher on an index measuring FOBS. Social network pressure to enter a relationship was associated with a greater FOBS for both men and women.
社会强调浪漫的二元关系,这就引出了一个问题:即将成年的单身(无伴侣)成年人是否感受到来自社交网络成员的压力,要求他们成为伴侣。本研究的第一个目的是检验单身(单身)男性和女性认为他们从两个社会网络(父母/家人和朋友)中接受的进入一段关系的压力程度,以及这种压力程度是否存在性别差异。第二个目的是研究社会压力与单身恐惧(FOBS)之间的关系。616名年龄在18到30岁之间的单身(无伴侣)成年人,主要来自美国,报告说他们在进入一段关系时平均受到一定程度的网络压力。比起来自朋友的压力,来自父母/家人的压力更大。在来自父母/家庭的社会压力指数上,女性的得分高于男性,在衡量FOBS的指数上,女性的得分也高于男性。进入一段关系的社会网络压力与男性和女性更大的FOBS有关。
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引用次数: 6
Experience of dating violence’s victims in Indonesia: A photovoice study 印度尼西亚约会暴力受害者的经历:一项照片语音研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.4303
A. Asikin, Diana Aipipidely, I. Kiling
Dating violence is one of the major violence issues that is continuously threatening female youth in Indonesia. Dating violence can cause significant negative consequences to its victims, which are often underestimated in areas with strong patriarchal cultures. This study aims to identify the experience faced by dating violence victims, which could help expand the literature and provide insights for better violence prevention programs. Photovoice design was used and data were gathered through interviews and a focus group. Participants involved in this study are nine female youth victims of dating violence in Kupang, Indonesia. Analysis of interviews and focus group identified five main themes: 1) types of dating violence, 2) risk factors, 3) protective factors, 4) impacts of dating violence, and 5) withstanding and withdrawing from the relationship. Dating violence risk factors were patriarchal attitude, social and economic condition, lack of knowledge about dating violence, and exposure to violence. Factors that protect female youth from dating violence were positive self-concept, knowledge about dating violence, the role of parents, educational institutions, and health institutions. Reasons for victims to withstand their dating relationships were varied. Types and impacts of dating violence were also varied based on unique experiences. This study provides a deeper understanding of the experience of dating violence victims through photovoice methodology. These experiences were affected by religious and cultural beliefs distinctive to the Indonesian context, highlighting the need for more culture-fit interventions.
约会暴力是持续威胁印尼女性青年的主要暴力问题之一。约会暴力会对受害者造成严重的负面影响,而在男权文化强烈的地区,这一点往往被低估。这项研究旨在确定约会暴力受害者所面临的经历,这可能有助于扩大文献,并为更好的暴力预防计划提供见解。使用Photovoice设计,并通过访谈和焦点小组收集数据。本研究的参与者为九名在印尼古邦遭受约会暴力的女性青年受害者。访谈和焦点小组分析确定了五个主要主题:1)约会暴力的类型,2)风险因素,3)保护因素,4)约会暴力的影响,以及5)承受和退出关系。约会暴力的危险因素有男权观念、社会经济条件、对约会暴力缺乏了解和接触暴力。保护女青年免遭约会暴力的因素是积极的自我概念、对约会暴力的了解、父母、教育机构和保健机构的作用。受害者承受恋爱关系的原因各不相同。约会暴力的类型和影响也因不同的经历而有所不同。本研究通过光声方法对约会暴力受害者的经历提供了更深入的理解。这些经历受到印尼特有的宗教和文化信仰的影响,突出表明需要更多符合文化的干预措施。
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引用次数: 3
Being the infidelity partner: Narratives of lived experiences in an online support group 成为不忠的伴侣:在线支持小组的生活经历叙述
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.4423
Evdokia Ntali, N. Christakis
Taking into account the secretive nature of infidelity experiences and their adverse impact on the involved partners, the aim of the present qualitative study was to examine how individuals—who have been engaged in extradyadic relationships, as “affair partners”—narrate their experiences in an online support group. The study analyzed 60 posts, published over a period of 6 months in an online support community. Three main themes emerged through the thematic analysis conducted. The first theme involved conflicting dimensions of affair partner experience, in which the following sub-themes were identified: 1) living in the shadow of loss, and 2) the prevalence of ambivalence: when opposite impulses coexist. The second theme refers to the centripetal aspects of the relationship and within this section the following sub-themes are defined: 1) the relationship as a supportive environment and 2) between plenitude and dearth: the desire for exclusivity. Finally, the third theme refers to the lessons learned by the affair partners and their generalizing conclusions such experiences. The present study underlines how group participants reconstruct their experiences of extradyadic relationships and how they create new ways of meaning making about them. The findings involve reflexive conclusions about intimate relationships capturing elements of broader cultural narratives, representations and dilemmas of self and relationships, as presented in written transactions in online support groups.
考虑到不忠经历的秘密性质及其对相关伴侣的不利影响,本定性研究的目的是研究那些作为“婚外情伴侣”从事境外关系的个人如何在在线支持小组中叙述他们的经历。该研究分析了一个在线支持社区在6个月内发布的60篇帖子。通过主题分析,形成了三个主要主题。第一个主题涉及外遇伴侣经历的冲突维度,其中确定了以下子主题:1)生活在失去的阴影中,2)矛盾心理的盛行:当相反的冲动共存时。第二个主题是关系的向心方面,在本节中定义了以下子主题:1)作为支持性环境的关系;2)丰裕与匮乏之间的关系:对排他性的渴望。最后,第三个主题是指婚外情伴侣的经验教训和他们对这些经验的总结。目前的研究强调了小组参与者如何重建他们的外部关系的经验,以及他们如何创造关于他们的意义制造的新方法。这些发现涉及到关于亲密关系的反射性结论,这些结论捕捉到了更广泛的文化叙事、自我和关系的表现和困境的元素,正如在线支持小组的书面交易所呈现的那样。
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引用次数: 0
Transnational grandparenthood: A qualitative study on the relationship of grandparents and grandchildren in the migration context 跨国祖父母关系:移民背景下祖父母与孙辈关系的质性研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-04 DOI: 10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.5186
Emily Schuler, Flávia de Maria Gomes Schuler, Cristina Maria de Souza Brito Dias
Transnational relationships are defined as those between actors located in different national spaces, that is, relationships that are built beyond borders. It is the case of grandparents and grandchildren, who through migration see themselves in a distance relationship between two countries, thus one can speak of a transnational relationship that seeks an affective connection between two countries, two cultures, played out between grandparents and grandchildren. These transnational relationships will link grandchildren to family traditions, stories and values in and from the culture of origin. Despite the migration by parents and children, apparently distancing generations, this distance does not seem to totally prevent the inter-family cultural transmission of social values, mainly due to grandparents, who function as a kind of cultural root in the family and in contemporary society. In this context, the general objective of this study was to understand the transnational relationship between grandparents who remained in the country of origin and their migrant grandchildren. A qualitative research was carried out with twelve participants, that is, four grandparents, who remained in Brazil; four mothers, who migrated to Switzerland with their children; and four grandchildren, from different Brazilian States who migrated to Switzerland. The instruments used were a biosociodemographic questionnaire, a life history interview and semi-structured interviews. Results point out that their transnational relationship presents itself in singular and special ways, through created opportunities by those involved.
跨国关系被定义为位于不同国家空间的行动者之间的关系,即超越国界建立的关系。这是祖父母和孙子的情况,他们通过移民看到自己在两个国家之间的距离关系,因此可以说是一种跨国关系,寻求两个国家,两种文化之间的情感联系,在祖父母和孙子之间发挥作用。这些跨国关系将把孙辈与原籍文化中的家庭传统、故事和价值观联系起来。尽管父母和子女的迁移明显拉开了几代人的距离,但这种距离似乎并没有完全阻止社会价值观在家庭间的文化传播,这主要是因为祖父母在家庭和当代社会中扮演着一种文化根源的角色。在这种情况下,本研究的总体目标是了解留在原籍国的祖父母与其移民孙子之间的跨国关系。对12名参与者进行了定性研究,即4名留在巴西的祖父母;四个带着孩子移民到瑞士的母亲;还有四个孙辈,他们来自巴西不同的州,后来都移民到了瑞士。使用的工具是生物社会人口调查问卷、生活史访谈和半结构化访谈。结果指出,他们的跨国关系通过有关各方创造的机会,以独特和特殊的方式表现出来。
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引用次数: 1
Ambivalence in attitudes toward forgiveness 对宽恕的矛盾态度
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-06 DOI: 10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.5151
S. Boon, Megan J. Kheong, Careen H. Khoury
Are attitudes toward forgiveness ambivalent? To answer this question and explore whether such ambivalence predicts individuals’ propensity to forgive and tendency to view forgiveness as desirable/virtuous, we asked undergraduates (N = 159) to complete measures of ambivalence toward forgiveness, attitudes toward forgiveness, and tendencies to be forgiving/vengeful. Using a number of metrics, our findings suggest that attitudes toward forgiveness are moderately ambivalent. In addition, and as predicted, ambivalence toward forgiveness was associated with diminished inclination to be forgiving, enhanced pro-vengeance orientation, and less idealistic views of forgiveness. Further, highly ambivalent participants scored the same or lower than anti-forgiveness participants in tendencies to be forgiving/vengeful. These findings suggest the existence of a disconnect between people’s actual attitudes toward forgiveness and popular discourses on forgiveness and underscore the need for investigations of and theorizing on forgiveness that more fully recognize its possible costs and limitations or, at the very least, laypeople’s views on these.
对宽恕的态度是矛盾的吗?为了回答这个问题,并探讨这种矛盾心理是否预测了个体的宽恕倾向和将宽恕视为可取/美德的倾向,我们要求大学生(N = 159)完成对宽恕的矛盾心理、对宽恕的态度和宽恕/报复倾向的测量。通过使用一些指标,我们的发现表明,人们对宽恕的态度是比较矛盾的。此外,正如预测的那样,对宽恕的矛盾心理与宽恕倾向的减少、复仇倾向的增强和宽恕的理想主义观点的减少有关。此外,高度矛盾的参与者在宽恕/报复倾向方面的得分与反宽恕的参与者相同或更低。这些发现表明,人们对宽恕的实际态度和关于宽恕的流行话语之间存在脱节,并强调需要对宽恕进行调查和理论化,以更充分地认识到它可能的成本和局限性,或者至少是外行人对这些的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Parental secure base support and child secure base use in mexican same-sex families 墨西哥同性家庭中父母安全基地的支持和儿童安全基地的使用
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.23668/PSYCHARCHIVES.5039
Fernando Salinas-Quiroz, Fabiola Rodríguez-Sánchez, Verónica Cambón, Paola Silva, P. Costa, Antonio Martínez
The aim of this research was to determine whether the well-documented link between heterosexual parents’ secure base support (i.e., sensitivity) and child secure base behavior (i.e., security) was present among Mexican same-sex families with 1-to 6-year-old-children. The sample included 22 child-caregiver dyads from four lesbian and four gay families. Four trained independent observers used the q-sort methodology (Maternal Behavior Q-set/Mother Behavior with Preschoolers Q-set and Attachment Q-set) to describe parents’ and children’s behavior, respectively. A robust regression model by Siegel method for predicting security with sensitivity as regressor was statistically significant for the whole sample with a statistical power of .89, consistent with the existing evidence in studies with different and same-sex families. Both sensitivity and attachment security are fundamentally relational constructs, not caregiver/child’s traits; they are relationship specific, as the results of the regression analysis showed. Despite the sample size, our findings prove attachment theory as a useful theoretical framework to study caregiver-child interactions no matter parents’ sexual orientation neither the family structure.
本研究的目的是确定异性恋父母的安全基础支持(即敏感性)和孩子的安全基础行为(即安全性)之间的联系是否存在于有1至6岁孩子的墨西哥同性家庭中。样本包括来自4个女同性恋和4个男同性恋家庭的22对照顾孩子的夫妻。四名训练有素的独立观察者分别使用q分类方法(母亲行为q集/母亲与学龄前儿童的行为q集和依恋q集)来描述父母和孩子的行为。以敏感性为回归因子的Siegel法稳健回归模型对整个样本的安全性预测具有统计学意义,统计幂为0.89,与现有不同家庭和同性家庭研究的证据一致。敏感性和依恋安全都是基本的关系结构,而不是照顾者/儿童的特征;正如回归分析的结果所示,它们是特定于关系的。尽管样本量有限,但我们的研究结果证明,依恋理论是一个有用的理论框架,可以研究无论父母的性取向或家庭结构如何的照顾者与孩子之间的互动。
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引用次数: 0
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Interpersona
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