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Understanding the nature and consequences of transgressions and forgiveness in the workplace in India 了解在印度工作场所越轨行为的本质和后果以及宽恕
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.4625
Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari, R. Pandey, P. Rai, M. Shukla, Riddhi Jain, Prateek Budhwani, Archna Choudhary, Lekhraj Namdev, Nitya Kachhwaha, Diksha Sharma
The cultural context of an organisation may significantly shape the nature of transgressions and consequent forgiveness relevant to understanding the workplace outcomes. This study explored the nature of transgressions and the dynamics of forgiveness in the workplace of a heterogeneous Indian sample which have not been well addressed in previous studies. Qualitative research design was employed. Using a purposive sampling method, 48 participants from the government (n = 30) and private organisations (n = 18) were selected to form the final sample. The transcriptions from semi-structured interviews were analyzed by the Thematic Analysis Method. Two themes related to the nature of transgressions emerged: multiplicity of the sources of workplace transgressions (such as anger, discrimination, and work overload) and communications of workplace transgressions (e.g., through criticism, altered relationships, warnings). Concerning the dynamics of forgiveness in the workplace, three broad themes emerged: facilitators of workplace forgiveness (such as positive treatment, direct communication, scolding), barriers to workplace forgiveness (like, the intention behind wrongdoing, repetition of wrongdoing, decreased trust), and benefits of workplace forgiveness (such as positive emotions, good relations, healthy work environment). Management should develop an in-depth understanding of the nature of transgressions and the dynamics of forgiveness embedded in a specific cultural context which may help enhance a variety of positive organisational outcomes. Workplace transgressions and concomitant forgiveness are interwoven with the nature of organisations, individual level factors and socio-cultural contexts. Findings also provide some support that the coexistence of individualistic and collectivistic cultural values among Indians may have shaped workplace transgressions and consequent forgiveness.
一个组织的文化背景可能会在很大程度上影响违法行为的性质,以及由此产生的与理解工作场所结果相关的宽恕。本研究探讨了一个异质的印度样本在工作场所的违法行为的本质和宽恕的动态,这在以前的研究中没有得到很好的解决。采用质性研究设计。采用有目的的抽样方法,从政府(n = 30)和私人组织(n = 18)中选出48名参与者,形成最终样本。采用主题分析法对半结构化访谈笔录进行分析。与越轨行为的本质相关的两个主题出现了:工作场所越轨行为的多种来源(如愤怒、歧视和超负荷工作)和工作场所越轨行为的交流(例如,通过批评、改变关系、警告)。关于工作场所宽恕的动态,出现了三个广泛的主题:工作场所宽恕的促进因素(如积极对待,直接沟通,责骂),工作场所宽恕的障碍(如,错误背后的意图,重复错误,信任减少),以及工作场所宽恕的好处(如积极的情绪,良好的关系,健康的工作环境)。管理层应该深入了解违规行为的本质,以及特定文化背景下的宽恕动力,这可能有助于提高各种积极的组织成果。工作场所的违规行为和随之而来的宽恕与组织的性质、个人层面的因素和社会文化背景交织在一起。研究结果还提供了一些支持,即印度人中个人主义和集体主义文化价值观的共存可能形成了工作场所的违法行为和随之而来的宽恕。
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引用次数: 1
The work-family conflict: Dyadic view of Brazilian couples 工作与家庭的冲突:巴西夫妇的对立观点
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.8533
A. L. De Andrade, L. Ferrão, Gabriela Techio, Fabiana Pinheiro Ramos
Several changes have occurred in the family setting over the last few decades: the insertion of women into the labor market, the growth of dual-career couples, and changes in the traditional and non-traditional structures of men's and women's societal roles. In this context, the Work-Family Conflict (WFC) is a construct of work interference in the family (WIF) and family interference in work (FIW). This study's central objective was to explore the conflict between family and work in a Brazilian context according to the dyadic scope. The study with a survey design was conducted with a Brazilian sample of 65 adult couples (130 individuals). Results showed differences between men and women concerning variables that influence the WFC. Stress at work was the central aspect of WFC. The results contribute to the advancement of knowledge on the issues of WFC in Brazil, dyadic analysis procedures, family and organization interventions.
在过去几十年里,家庭环境发生了一些变化:妇女进入劳动力市场,双职工夫妇增多,男女社会角色的传统和非传统结构发生了变化。在此背景下,工作-家庭冲突(WFC)是由工作对家庭的干扰(WIF)和家庭对工作的干扰(FIW)构成的。本研究的中心目标是根据二元范围探讨巴西背景下家庭与工作之间的冲突。该研究采用调查设计,以巴西65对成年夫妇(130人)为样本进行。结果显示,影响WFC的变量在男性和女性之间存在差异。工作压力是WFC的核心方面。研究结果有助于提高对巴西粮食不足问题、二元分析程序、家庭和组织干预措施的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Gender differences in self-estimated types of love for self and others 自我爱与他人爱的性别差异
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.9297
Félix Neto
Empirical work about love has primarily considered the love of one individual for another. This work uses a novel method to study estimated types of love for self and others based on passionate and companionate theory, and triangular love theory. Two hundred and fifty participants (161 females and 89 males) rated self-estimates and other’s estimates (romantic partners and parents) of global love and several love types. Women self-estimated passionate love, companionate love, intimacy, and commitment more than men did. Gender differences in estimated love types for romantic partners, fathers, and mothers were not evidenced. As regards self-partner differences respondents rated their romantic partners similarly to themselves. Regarding generational differences, children assessed themselves greater in all love types than their parents, except in commitment. Passionate love and commitment significantly predicted global love for self, partners, and parents. Suggestions and limitations are offered.
关于爱的实证研究主要考虑的是一个人对另一个人的爱。本研究采用了一种新颖的方法,基于激情和伴侣理论以及三角爱情理论来研究对自己和他人的爱的估计类型。250名参与者(161名女性和89名男性)对自己和他人(恋人和父母)对全球爱情和几种爱情类型的估计进行了评估。女性比男性更看重激情之爱、伴侣之爱、亲密关系和承诺。对恋人、父亲和母亲的估计爱情类型的性别差异并没有得到证实。至于自我伴侣的差异,受访者对恋人的评价与自己相似。关于代际差异,孩子们在所有类型的爱情中对自己的评价都高于父母,除了承诺。热烈的爱和承诺显著地预测了对自己、伴侣和父母的整体爱。提出了建议和限制。
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引用次数: 1
Development and validation of the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation for Couples Scale (SIERC) in the Spanish population 西班牙人群夫妻人际情绪调节量表(SIERC)的开发与验证
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.7757
Estefanía Mónaco, Alicia Tamarit, Inmaculada Montoya-Castilla
Antecedents Interpersonal emotional regulation (IER) is the deliberate attempt to influence others’ emotions. There is not enough research on IER in the context of romantic couples. Aim The aim of the present study was to develop and validate an instrument to assess couples’ IER and understanding its functioning at both an individual and dyadic level. Method Participants were 764 adults and 91 dyads. Three studies were carried out: first, to study the psychometric properties of the scale and its validity; second, to understand the functioning of the scale at a dyadic level; third, to analyse the predictive capacity of the instrument. Results Our 11-item scale has four factors: observe, ask, validate, and soothe feelings. These factors are doubly evaluated: as an agent (SIERC-A) and as a target (SIERC-B). The scale showed good psychometric properties and adequate internal consistency. It presents convergent validity with emotional competences, and divergent validity with emotional dysregulation and insecure attachment. At a dyadic level, there is an actor-partner effect of IER on couple adjustment. Finally, IER seems to predict relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and life satisfaction. Discussion This new instrument can be a useful tool for assessment and intervention in couple therapy and research.
前因人际情绪调节(IER)是指有意识地影响他人情绪的行为。在浪漫夫妻的背景下,对情感情感的研究还不够。目的本研究的目的是开发和验证一种工具来评估夫妇的情感关系,并了解其在个人和双元水平上的功能。方法764名成人和91对夫妇。本研究进行了三个方面的研究:一是研究量表的心理测量特性及其效度;第二,在二元层次上理解量表的功能;第三,分析仪器的预测能力。我们的11项量表有四个因素:观察、询问、验证和抚慰情感。这些因素被双重评估:作为制剂(SIERC-A)和作为靶标(SIERC-B)。该量表具有良好的心理测量性能和足够的内部一致性。其效度表现为与情绪能力相关的趋同效度,与情绪失调和不安全依恋相关的发散效度。在二元水平上,IER对夫妻调整存在行动者-伴侣效应。最后,IER似乎可以预测关系满意度、性满意度和生活满意度。该仪器可作为评估和干预夫妻治疗和研究的有效工具。
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引用次数: 1
In-laws, communication, and other frustrations: The challenges of intercultural marriages 姻亲、沟通和其他挫折:跨文化婚姻的挑战
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.8047
Anthony T. Machette, Ioana A. Cionea
Although intercultural marriages are increasing in number every year, there is still little research examining the unique aspects of these relationships. This paper reports results from two exploratory studies into the challenges individuals within intercultural marriages in the United States face and how they manage them. Study 1 (N = 93) explored the most reported challenges in intercultural marriages. Findings indicated these challenges included family, finances, communication, time spent together, and clashes in cultural expectations/traditions. Study 2 (N = 83) examined the consequences of such challenges, how couples managed them, and how these challenges affected their marriage satisfaction. Findings revealed the most identified consequences were arguing about challenges and the emotional toll associated with such arguments. Most couples developed effective ways to manage such challenges without reducing their marital satisfaction, except when challenges involved their in-laws. A discussion of these results is included, along with directions for future research.
尽管跨文化婚姻的数量每年都在增加,但仍然很少有研究考察这些关系的独特方面。本文报告了两项探索性研究的结果,探讨了美国跨文化婚姻中个人面临的挑战以及他们如何应对这些挑战。研究1 (N = 93)探讨了在跨文化婚姻中报道最多的挑战。调查结果显示,这些挑战包括家庭、财务、沟通、在一起的时间,以及文化期望/传统的冲突。研究2 (N = 83)调查了这些挑战的后果,夫妻如何应对这些挑战,以及这些挑战如何影响他们的婚姻满意度。调查结果显示,最明显的后果是争论挑战以及与之相关的情感损失。大多数夫妻都找到了有效的方法来应对这些挑战,而不会降低他们的婚姻满意度,除非这些挑战涉及到他们的姻亲。对这些结果进行了讨论,并提出了未来研究的方向。
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引用次数: 0
From skepticism toward celebrities to celebrity culture hate: Mediating role of perceived celebrity deception and perceived dark triad of celebrities 从对名人的怀疑到名人文化仇恨:名人欺骗感知与名人黑暗人格感知的中介作用
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.9221
R. Shabahang, M. Aruguete, Hyejin Shim, A. Hosseinkhanzadeh, Pegah Azadimanesh
Though efforts have been made to understand the concept of celebrity hatred, ambiguity still exists about why some people feel intense contempt, antagonism, and fear directed at celebrity culture. This study (N = 1175) aimed to reveal the indirect impact of skepticism toward celebrities on celebrity culture hate by introducing perceived celebrity deception (the perception that celebrities are deceptive) and dark triad traits of celebrities (the perception that celebrities possess dark triad personality characteristics, including Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) as potential mediators. The study introduces the Perceived Celebrity Deception Inventory and establishes its psychometric properties. Perceived deception of celebrities and perceived deception of others were relatively high compared to that of one’s immediate family, with social media influencers being seen as the most deceptive category of celebrities. Celebrities were perceived as Machiavellian, narcissists, and psychopaths at the same time, but at dissimilar levels. Skepticism toward celebrities was weakly correlated with celebrity culture hate in the correlation analysis. This relationship was mediated by perceived celebrity deception and perceived dark triad of celebrities in the structural analysis. Results suggest that perceived celebrity deception and dark triad characteristics of celebrities tend to breed celebrity culture hate rooted from skepticism toward celebrities and may provoke “behavioral” component of celebrity culture hate (e.g., celebrity bashing).
尽管人们已经努力理解名人仇恨的概念,但对于为什么有些人对名人文化感到强烈的蔑视、对抗和恐惧,仍然存在歧义。本研究(N = 1175)旨在揭示对名人的怀疑对名人文化仇恨的间接影响,通过引入名人欺骗知觉(认为名人具有欺骗性的知觉)和名人的黑暗三位一体特征(认为名人具有马基雅维利主义、自恋和精神病等黑暗三位一体人格特征)作为潜在中介。本研究引入名人欺骗知觉量表,并建立其心理测量特性。与直系亲属相比,对名人的欺骗感知和对他人的欺骗感知相对较高,社交媒体影响者被视为最具欺骗性的名人类别。名人同时被认为是马基雅维利主义者、自恋者和精神病患者,但程度不同。在相关分析中,对名人的怀疑与名人文化厌恶呈弱相关。在结构分析中,这种关系被感知到的名人欺骗和感知到的名人黑暗特质所中介。研究结果表明,对名人的欺骗和名人的黑暗三位一体特征倾向于滋生基于对名人怀疑的名人文化仇恨,并可能引发名人文化仇恨的“行为”成分(如名人抨击)。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of psychological violence in young people in the south of Spain: Implications for prevention 西班牙南部青少年心理暴力的流行:对预防的影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.7877
Carmen Lledó Rando, Fabiola Perles Novas, Jesus San-Martin Garcia
The present study shows the prevalence of psychological violence received across ten dimensions in young people aged 18 to 25 years (55.8% female) and the perception of severity, in order to design more effective dating violence prevention programs. We used a sample taken in southern Spain of 771 people. The instrument used was an adaptation of Perceived Gender Violence Scale (VGP), a perception of dating violence scales towards women through 47 behaviours. It was adapted to assess psychological violence received in men and women, maintaining psychometric properties from original (α > .94) and a factor analysis without rotation resulting in a KMO-Barlett .94. The results show that 84.4% of women and 80.2% of men have received some type of psychological violence behaviour from their last partners. The most frequent are Affective indifference (67.7%), Discrediting (51.8%) and Control (50.6%), followed by Emotional manipulation and Sexual pressure. Differences were found by age, with more frequent at the age of 20 years old. Differences were found by sex in the type of psychological violence received, but the most important predictor variables were having a current partner (β = 17.7; p < .001; R2 = .07): where women with a partner perceive a lower level of violence received. The data suggest that it is necessary to incorporate these behaviours to be developed as contents in prevention programs; the research provides the most frequent behaviors.
为了设计更有效的约会暴力预防方案,本研究显示了18至25岁年轻人(55.8%为女性)在十个维度上接受心理暴力的流行程度以及对严重性的感知。我们使用了西班牙南部771人的样本。所使用的工具是对感知性别暴力量表(VGP)的改编,这是一种通过47种行为对女性约会暴力的感知量表。该方法被用于评估男性和女性所遭受的心理暴力,保持了原始的心理测量特性(α > .94),并且在没有旋转的情况下进行了因子分析,结果为KMO-Barlett。94。调查结果显示,84.4%的女性和80.2%的男性曾遭受过前任伴侣的某种形式的心理暴力行为。最常见的是情感冷漠(67.7%)、不信任(51.8%)和控制(50.6%),其次是情绪操纵和性压力。年龄也存在差异,在20岁时更为常见。受到的心理暴力类型在性别方面存在差异,但最重要的预测变量是是否有现任伴侣(β = 17.7;P < .001;R2 = .07):有伴侣的女性认为受到的暴力程度较低。数据表明,有必要将这些行为纳入预防规划的内容;这项研究提供了最常见的行为。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive and maladaptive love attitudes 适应和不适应的爱情态度
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.6283
V. Karandashev
Multiple studies throughout recent years have investigated the theory of love that identified six love attitudes: Eros, Ludus, Storge, Mania, Pragma, and Agape. Research found that these love attitudes are associated with many aspects of romantic relationships, individual emotional characteristics, and personalities. However, there are few comprehensive reviews of those findings. This article reports meta-analysis and two empirical studies that explored emotional profiles of people with different love attitudes. Meta-analysis of multiple studies has demonstrated the prevalence of positive emotionality among individuals with Eros love attitudes and negative emotionality among individuals with Ludus and Mania love attitudes. Results of empirical studies showed that individuals with Ludus and Mania tend to experience more negative emotions, while those with Eros – more positive emotions. Pragma, Storge, and Agape love attitudes are characterized by infrequent and less intense positive and negative emotions. The love of individuals with Ludus and Mania types can be interpreted as defensive attitudes related to their experience of negative emotions. Generally, studies showed that Eros love attitude tends to promote an adaptive emotional experience. Individuals with Eros love have a better chance to be happy in their romantic relationships. On the other hand, Ludus and Mania are rather maladaptive love attitudes. Individuals with Ludus and Mania tend to be unhappy in relationship. Pragma, Storge, and Agape are neutral or moderately adaptive love attitudes without intense positive and negative emotions. Due to this, they do not show any salient defensive psychological mechanisms in their relationships.
近年来,多项研究对爱的理论进行了调查,确定了六种爱的态度:爱欲,爱,爱,躁狂,务实和爱。研究发现,这些爱情态度与浪漫关系、个人情感特征和个性的许多方面有关。然而,很少有对这些发现的全面评论。本文通过元分析和两项实证研究,探讨了不同爱情态度人群的情感特征。多项研究的荟萃分析表明,积极情绪在爱欲型恋爱态度个体中普遍存在,消极情绪在Ludus型和躁狂型恋爱态度个体中普遍存在。实证研究结果表明,具有Ludus和Mania的个体倾向于体验更多的消极情绪,而具有Eros的个体则倾向于体验更多的积极情绪。Pragma、storage和Agape三种爱情态度的特点是积极和消极情绪不频繁、不那么强烈。Ludus和躁狂类型的人的爱可以被解释为与他们的负面情绪经历相关的防御态度。一般来说,研究表明,爱欲态度倾向于促进适应性情感体验。拥有厄洛斯之爱的人在恋爱关系中更有可能幸福。另一方面,Ludus和Mania是相当不适应的爱情态度。患有Ludus和躁狂的人在关系中往往不快乐。Pragma、storage和Agape是中性或适度适应性的爱情态度,没有强烈的积极情绪和消极情绪。正因为如此,他们在关系中没有表现出任何明显的防御心理机制。
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引用次数: 3
The battle between light and dark side of personality: How light and dark personality traits predict mating strategies in the online context 性格的光明与黑暗之间的斗争:光明与黑暗的性格特征如何预测网络环境下的交配策略
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.7869
Lana Tucaković, Ljubiša Bojić, Nemanja Nikolić
In recent years, online dating websites, applications, and social media have become increasingly popular tools for finding romantic and/or sexual partners. Individual differences in personality traits predict the use of online dating websites and applications and also influence the motives for their use. Previous work regarding mating strategies in the context of online dating has focused on the Dark Tetrad concept of malevolent personality while ignoring the Light Triad concept of beneficent personality. Light and dark personality traits are not seen as polar opposites as they supplement each other. Thus, the current study aimed to explore the utility of both light (i.e., Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism) and dark (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism) personality traits in predicting mating strategies in the online context. A total of 216 participants, ages 20 to 56, which used online dating sites, apps, and social media for finding partners in the past year, completed an online questionnaire assessing Dark Tetrad traits, Light Triad traits, and mating orientations. Narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism positively correlated, while Faith in Humanity and Kantianism negatively correlated with short-term mating. However, only Faith in Humanity was a significant predictor of short-term mating. As for long-term mating, the results have shown that it is negatively related to psychopathy and sadism, while it is positively related to all Light Triad traits. Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism were significant predictors of long-term mating. These findings highlight the utility of the Dark Tetrad and Light Triad traits in mating orientation research.
近年来,在线约会网站、应用程序和社交媒体已经成为寻找浪漫和/或性伴侣的越来越流行的工具。个性特征的个体差异预测了在线约会网站和应用程序的使用情况,也影响了使用这些网站和应用程序的动机。先前关于在线约会背景下的交配策略的工作主要集中在邪恶人格的黑暗四人格概念上,而忽略了善良人格的光明三人格概念。光明和黑暗的性格特征并不被视为两极对立,因为它们相互补充。因此,本研究旨在探讨光明人格特征(即人性信仰、人文主义和康德主义)和黑暗人格特征(即马基雅维利主义、自恋、精神病和虐待狂)在预测网络情境下的交配策略中的效用。在过去的一年中,共有216名年龄在20岁至56岁之间的参与者使用在线约会网站、应用程序和社交媒体寻找伴侣,他们完成了一份评估黑暗四人格特征、光明三人格特征和交配取向的在线问卷。自恋、精神病和施虐正相关,而信仰人性和康德主义与短期交配负相关。然而,只有对人性的信仰是短期交配的重要预测因素。至于长期交配,结果表明它与精神病和虐待狂呈负相关,而与所有光明三位一体特征呈正相关。对人性、人文主义和康德主义的信仰是长期婚姻的重要预测因素。这些发现强调了黑暗四分体和光明三分体特征在交配取向研究中的实用性。
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引用次数: 2
Quality of relationship between adult children caregivers and parents with dementia 成年儿童照顾者与痴呆父母之间的关系质量
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.5481
D. Falcão, D. Paulson
The main effects for associations between psychosocial stressors and caregiver outcomes are well established, but little is known about the mechanisms of these relationships. Aims of this study were to examine the hypotheses that satisfaction with family relationships (SF) is a mechanism by which quality of relationship (QR) between adult children caregiver and parents with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) influences depression, life satisfaction (LF), and self-rated health (SRH) among these caregivers. The participants were 716 Brazilian adult children who cared for their parents with AD and related disorders. Regression-based path analysis was performed; a PROCESS, bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapping method was used to test confidence intervals. The relationships between QR and both depression (B = .3263, p < .001) and SRH (B = .3263, p < .001), were fully mediated by SF. The relationship between QR and LF was partially mediated by SF. The primary finding is that SF is one mechanism by which QR relates to depressive symptomatology, self-rated health, and life satisfaction.
社会心理压力源和照顾者结果之间的关联的主要影响已经确立,但对这些关系的机制知之甚少。本研究的目的是探讨家庭关系满意度(SF)是成年子女照顾者与阿尔茨海默病(AD)父母之间关系质量(QR)影响照顾者抑郁、生活满意度(LF)和自评健康(SRH)的机制。参与者是716名巴西成年儿童,他们照顾患有阿尔茨海默病和相关疾病的父母。进行基于回归的通径分析;采用PROCESS、偏校正和加速自举法对置信区间进行检验。QR与抑郁(B = .3263, p < .001)和SRH (B = .3263, p < .001)的关系均由SF完全介导。QR和LF之间的关系部分由SF介导。主要发现SF是QR与抑郁症状、自评健康和生活满意度相关的一种机制。
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引用次数: 1
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Interpersona
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