L. Rumokoy, S. Adiani, G. Assa, W. L. Toar, J. L. Abán
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the level of antigens protein contained in the crude thoraxial glandular protein (TGP) extract of Stomoxys calcitrans which function as immunity enhancer in young horses. The detection of protein content of the thoraxial glandular samples was performed by using a spectrophotometer Nano Drop-1000. This result showed that the lowest level of antigen protein was 0.54 mg/mL, the highest was 72 mg/mL, and the average was 0.675 mg/mL. Six foals were used and divided into two groups. The first group was treated with a solution of 100 μg of TGP by subcutaneous injection, the other group acted as control. The TGP extract was injected on the first day of the experiment. Three ml of blood were sampled from the jugular vein on the 14ᵗʰ day after TGP injection. The blood sampled was centrifuged and its serum placed in micro-tubes to observe the IgG level. The injection of TGP had a significant effect on the IgG level of the experiment animals (P<0.05). This experiment emphasized an important relation between entomology and animal husbandry; health improvement in the young animals was observed after the injection of the insect antigen, so it can be concluded that crude thoraxial glandular proteins of S. calcitrans can be used to improve the immunoglobulin-G circulation in foals.
{"title":"Entomology contribution in animal immunity: Determination of the crude thoraxial glandular protein extract of Stomoxys calcitrans as an antibody production enhancer in young horses","authors":"L. Rumokoy, S. Adiani, G. Assa, W. L. Toar, J. L. Abán","doi":"10.4081/jear.2017.7074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2017.7074","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was conducted to evaluate the level of antigens protein contained in the crude thoraxial glandular protein (TGP) extract of Stomoxys calcitrans which function as immunity enhancer in young horses. The detection of protein content of the thoraxial glandular samples was performed by using a spectrophotometer Nano Drop-1000. This result showed that the lowest level of antigen protein was 0.54 mg/mL, the highest was 72 mg/mL, and the average was 0.675 mg/mL. Six foals were used and divided into two groups. The first group was treated with a solution of 100 μg of TGP by subcutaneous injection, the other group acted as control. The TGP extract was injected on the first day of the experiment. Three ml of blood were sampled from the jugular vein on the 14ᵗʰ day after TGP injection. The blood sampled was centrifuged and its serum placed in micro-tubes to observe the IgG level. The injection of TGP had a significant effect on the IgG level of the experiment animals (P<0.05). This experiment emphasized an important relation between entomology and animal husbandry; health improvement in the young animals was observed after the injection of the insect antigen, so it can be concluded that crude thoraxial glandular proteins of S. calcitrans can be used to improve the immunoglobulin-G circulation in foals.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/jear.2017.7074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49213226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lentil weevil, Bruchus lentis Frӧlich, (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is the most serious pest of lentil in Iran. Economic losses due to this pest reach up to 40% of the lentil crop. Over a two-year study (2012 and 2013) in Agricultural Research Station of Gachsaran Region, best timing of chemical control of B. lentis was determined. A field experiment with cultivation of lentil Sina variety Lens culinaris Medik was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of spraying four times (respectively, during the early flowering, 10 days after the first spraying, 10 days after the second spraying; 10 days after the third spraying) and control (without spraying). For the spraying from Endosulfan insecticide EC50% at ratio one liter per hectare was used. Three samples were taken from the pods and totally 150 pods from each replicate for contaminations of seeds were investigated. After the determination of the percent of seeds contamination, results were statistically analysed. Based on the results obtained, first spray treatment, with the mean contamination of 15.45% and second spray treatment with the mean contamination of 12.25% had the highest impact on reducing contamination lentil seeds to B. lentis and between them there was no statistically significant difference and were in one group. Therefore, spraying one time during the early flowering until 15 days after it was the best time to control of B. lentis.
{"title":"Trials on the Timing of Chemical Control of Lentil weevil, Bruchus lentis Frӧlich (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in Lentil Field in Gachsaran Region (Iran","authors":"K. Saeidi, S. Mirfakhraie","doi":"10.4081/jear.2017.6829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2017.6829","url":null,"abstract":"The lentil weevil, Bruchus lentis Frӧlich, (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is the most serious pest of lentil in Iran. Economic losses due to this pest reach up to 40% of the lentil crop. Over a two-year study (2012 and 2013) in Agricultural Research Station of Gachsaran Region, best timing of chemical control of B. lentis was determined. A field experiment with cultivation of lentil Sina variety Lens culinaris Medik was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of spraying four times (respectively, during the early flowering, 10 days after the first spraying, 10 days after the second spraying; 10 days after the third spraying) and control (without spraying). For the spraying from Endosulfan insecticide EC50% at ratio one liter per hectare was used. Three samples were taken from the pods and totally 150 pods from each replicate for contaminations of seeds were investigated. After the determination of the percent of seeds contamination, results were statistically analysed. Based on the results obtained, first spray treatment, with the mean contamination of 15.45% and second spray treatment with the mean contamination of 12.25% had the highest impact on reducing contamination lentil seeds to B. lentis and between them there was no statistically significant difference and were in one group. Therefore, spraying one time during the early flowering until 15 days after it was the best time to control of B. lentis.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/jear.2017.6829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46013914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eurycnemus v. d. Wulp (Diptera, Chironomidae) newly recorded in China","authors":"L. Li, H. Tang","doi":"10.4081/JEAR.2017.7129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/JEAR.2017.7129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/JEAR.2017.7129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45821036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Davari, A. Hassanvand, H. Nasirian, S. A. Ghiasian, A. Salehzadeh, M. Nazari
Cockroaches have been associated with human environments threatening human health. A cross-sectional study about cockroach fungal contamination in the hospital, restaurant and household environments from Khorramabad, Lorestan province of Iran between August 2015 and March 2016 was done. Sampling was uniformly carried out monthly from the randomly selected sites. Fungi were isolated from the external surfaces of cockroaches using standard method. Periplaneta americana (66.7%) was found the most infested cockroach, less percentage were observed in Blattella germanica (18.6%) and Blatta orientalis (14.7%). Hospitals (66.7%) were found the most infested places in comparison with households (18.6%) and restaurants (14.7%). Households (64.3%) were found the most cockroach fungal contaminated places than hospitals (49.0%) and restaurants (59.1%). The highest and the lowest infestation of cockroaches were observed in January (30.0%) and March (7.0%) respectively, while the highest and the lowest cockroach fungal contamination were observed in November (73.3%) and March (14.3%). B. germanica (60.7%) was the most fungal contaminated cockroach. Candida , Geotrichum and Penicillium were the most frequent cockroach fungal contaminating genera. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between cockroach infestation places (P=0.022), locality (P=0.03), and monthly (P=0.0001) cockroach fungal contamination, respectively. As a conclusion, the highest cockroach fungal contamination was observed in B. germanica, followed by P. americana and B. orientalis. Some human fungal opportunistic pathogens were also found among the fungal contaminated cockroaches. Recent epidemiological survey showed that the mortality rates of the infective diseases were increased, indicating cockroaches involved in their transferring.
{"title":"Comparison of cockroach fungal contamination in the clinical and non-clinical environments from Iran","authors":"B. Davari, A. Hassanvand, H. Nasirian, S. A. Ghiasian, A. Salehzadeh, M. Nazari","doi":"10.4081/JEAR.2017.6758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/JEAR.2017.6758","url":null,"abstract":"Cockroaches have been associated with human environments threatening human health. A cross-sectional study about cockroach fungal contamination in the hospital, restaurant and household environments from Khorramabad, Lorestan province of Iran between August 2015 and March 2016 was done. Sampling was uniformly carried out monthly from the randomly selected sites. Fungi were isolated from the external surfaces of cockroaches using standard method. Periplaneta americana (66.7%) was found the most infested cockroach, less percentage were observed in Blattella germanica (18.6%) and Blatta orientalis (14.7%). Hospitals (66.7%) were found the most infested places in comparison with households (18.6%) and restaurants (14.7%). Households (64.3%) were found the most cockroach fungal contaminated places than hospitals (49.0%) and restaurants (59.1%). The highest and the lowest infestation of cockroaches were observed in January (30.0%) and March (7.0%) respectively, while the highest and the lowest cockroach fungal contamination were observed in November (73.3%) and March (14.3%). B. germanica (60.7%) was the most fungal contaminated cockroach. Candida , Geotrichum and Penicillium were the most frequent cockroach fungal contaminating genera. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between cockroach infestation places (P=0.022), locality (P=0.03), and monthly (P=0.0001) cockroach fungal contamination, respectively. As a conclusion, the highest cockroach fungal contamination was observed in B. germanica, followed by P. americana and B. orientalis. Some human fungal opportunistic pathogens were also found among the fungal contaminated cockroaches. Recent epidemiological survey showed that the mortality rates of the infective diseases were increased, indicating cockroaches involved in their transferring.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/JEAR.2017.6758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45435789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) it is a facultative ectoparasite responsible for traumatic myiasis in humans and warmblooded vertebrates in the world. In this work one case of traumatic myasis caused by C. vicina (Diptera Calliphoirdae) is reported for the first time in a vulnerable crested porcupine ( Hystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758). A total of 30 larvae located in the posterior-dorsal area of the animal were removed from inside the lesion and either preserved in ethanol or reared to the adult stage. This report shows the great ability of C. vicina to use many organic matter for the food source’s offspring, including many live vertebrates.
{"title":"First case of traumatic myiasis caused by Calliphora vicina in a crested porcupine Hystrix cristata L. in Italy","authors":"D. Scaravelli, C. Senini, T. Bonacci","doi":"10.4081/JEAR.2017.6823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/JEAR.2017.6823","url":null,"abstract":"Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) it is a facultative ectoparasite responsible for traumatic myiasis in humans and warmblooded vertebrates in the world. In this work one case of traumatic myasis caused by C. vicina (Diptera Calliphoirdae) is reported for the first time in a vulnerable crested porcupine ( Hystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758). A total of 30 larvae located in the posterior-dorsal area of the animal were removed from inside the lesion and either preserved in ethanol or reared to the adult stage. This report shows the great ability of C. vicina to use many organic matter for the food source’s offspring, including many live vertebrates.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/JEAR.2017.6823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44089862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spider mite Tetranychus merganser occurs in some crops in Mexico and USA. This mite could be considered a potential pest in countries like Japan. In this work we recorded the damages that T. merganser causes to the nopal verdura (prickly pear vegetable crop) in one of the principal cactus crop regions of Mexico.
{"title":"Damage caused by Tetranychus Merganser Bondreaux (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Nopal Verdura Opuntia Ficus-Indica (L.) Miller during winter","authors":"J. Lima-Espíndola, J. M. Vanegas-Rico","doi":"10.4081/jear.2017.6281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2017.6281","url":null,"abstract":"The spider mite Tetranychus merganser occurs in some crops in Mexico and USA. This mite could be considered a potential pest in countries like Japan. In this work we recorded the damages that T. merganser causes to the nopal verdura (prickly pear vegetable crop) in one of the principal cactus crop regions of Mexico.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/jear.2017.6281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44776592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Southern Italy is of particular biogeographic interest due to the location at the center of the Mediterranean Basin and its great environmental heterogeneity. Despite the faunistic interest of this territory, many insect taxa are still little investigated. Among insects, Lepidoptera have a relatively well known fauna, significantly increased in recent years, but there are still some gaps of knowledge in several habitats. The aim of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of the Macrolepidoptera of Southern Italy, focusing our study in Calabria, and to offer some thoughts on the role played by the Mediterranean mountain forests for the biodiversity conservation. Samplings were carried out in three mountainous areas of Calabria (Pollino Massif, Sila Massif and Serre Mountains) in May-November 2015 and in April-November 2016, using UV-LED light traps. We found ten species of high faunistic interest. Three species, Nebula senectaria , Perizoma lugdunaria and Acasis appensata , were for the first time recorded from Southern Italy, while seven were for the first time recorded from Calabria: Coenotephria antonii, Thera obeliscata, Triphosa dubitata, Trichopteryx carpinata, Asteroscopus sphinx, Lithophane semibrunnea and Sideridis reticulata . Of great interest was the discovery of the first male certainly attributable to Coenotephria antonii, endemic of Southern Italy, here described for the first time. The results exposed confirm that the fauna of Southern Italy is of great conservation value, hosting endemisms and several relict populations of European and Asiatic species with differentiated genetic lineages highly vulnerable to the climate change expected for the coming decades.
{"title":"New insights on Lepidoptera of Southern Italy with description of the male of Coenotephria antonii Hausmann 2011 (Lepidoptera)","authors":"M. Infusino, G. Luzzi, S. Scalercio","doi":"10.4081/JEAR.2017.6783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/JEAR.2017.6783","url":null,"abstract":"Southern Italy is of particular biogeographic interest due to the location at the center of the Mediterranean Basin and its great environmental heterogeneity. Despite the faunistic interest of this territory, many insect taxa are still little investigated. Among insects, Lepidoptera have a relatively well known fauna, significantly increased in recent years, but there are still some gaps of knowledge in several habitats. The aim of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of the Macrolepidoptera of Southern Italy, focusing our study in Calabria, and to offer some thoughts on the role played by the Mediterranean mountain forests for the biodiversity conservation. Samplings were carried out in three mountainous areas of Calabria (Pollino Massif, Sila Massif and Serre Mountains) in May-November 2015 and in April-November 2016, using UV-LED light traps. We found ten species of high faunistic interest. Three species, Nebula senectaria , Perizoma lugdunaria and Acasis appensata , were for the first time recorded from Southern Italy, while seven were for the first time recorded from Calabria: Coenotephria antonii, Thera obeliscata, Triphosa dubitata, Trichopteryx carpinata, Asteroscopus sphinx, Lithophane semibrunnea and Sideridis reticulata . Of great interest was the discovery of the first male certainly attributable to Coenotephria antonii, endemic of Southern Italy, here described for the first time. The results exposed confirm that the fauna of Southern Italy is of great conservation value, hosting endemisms and several relict populations of European and Asiatic species with differentiated genetic lineages highly vulnerable to the climate change expected for the coming decades.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/JEAR.2017.6783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43273725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of salt (NaCl) on Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) mosquito larval breeding was ascertained under laboratory conditions. No larval mortality occurred when the Cl– concentrations were between 0.017 ppt (0.03 ppt salinity) and 7.371 ppt (13.25 ppt salinity). However, 9%, 24%, 73.5%, 91.5% and 99.5% larval mortality occurred at 10.828 ppt (19.49 ppt salinity), 16.069 ppt (28.95 ppt salinity), 18.739 ppt (33.77 ppt salinity), 32.587 ppt (58.82 ppt salinity) and 47.326 ppt (85.37 ppt salinity) NaCl concentrations respectively. The lower NaCl concentrations resulting in LC50, (lethal concentration for 50% larval mortality), LC90 (lethal concentration for 90% larval mortality), LC95 (lethal concentration for 95% larval mortality), and LC99 (lethal concentration for 99% larval mortality) were 23.12 ppt (41.19 ppt salinity), 24.91 ppt (44.42 ppt salinity), 27.76 ppt (49.56 ppt salinity) and 33.87 ppt (60.568 ppt salinity) respectively. The upper NaCl concentration resulting in LC50, LC90, LC95 and LC99 were 32.89 ppt (58.83 ppt salinity), 37.21 ppt (66.63 ppt salinity), 44.79 ppt (80.32 ppt salinity) and 63.76 ppt (114.55 ppt salinity) respectively. In conclusion, the level of water salinity may indicate the presence or absence of An. gambiae s.l. mosquito larvae and this information can be used for disease control purposes.
{"title":"To what extent does salt (NaCl) affect Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquito larvae survival?","authors":"Nzira Lukwa, T. Mduluza, C. Nyoni, M. Zimba","doi":"10.4081/JEAR.2017.6594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/JEAR.2017.6594","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of salt (NaCl) on Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) mosquito larval breeding was ascertained under laboratory conditions. No larval mortality occurred when the Cl– concentrations were between 0.017 ppt (0.03 ppt salinity) and 7.371 ppt (13.25 ppt salinity). However, 9%, 24%, 73.5%, 91.5% and 99.5% larval mortality occurred at 10.828 ppt (19.49 ppt salinity), 16.069 ppt (28.95 ppt salinity), 18.739 ppt (33.77 ppt salinity), 32.587 ppt (58.82 ppt salinity) and 47.326 ppt (85.37 ppt salinity) NaCl concentrations respectively. The lower NaCl concentrations resulting in LC50, (lethal concentration for 50% larval mortality), LC90 (lethal concentration for 90% larval mortality), LC95 (lethal concentration for 95% larval mortality), and LC99 (lethal concentration for 99% larval mortality) were 23.12 ppt (41.19 ppt salinity), 24.91 ppt (44.42 ppt salinity), 27.76 ppt (49.56 ppt salinity) and 33.87 ppt (60.568 ppt salinity) respectively. The upper NaCl concentration resulting in LC50, LC90, LC95 and LC99 were 32.89 ppt (58.83 ppt salinity), 37.21 ppt (66.63 ppt salinity), 44.79 ppt (80.32 ppt salinity) and 63.76 ppt (114.55 ppt salinity) respectively. In conclusion, the level of water salinity may indicate the presence or absence of An. gambiae s.l. mosquito larvae and this information can be used for disease control purposes.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/JEAR.2017.6594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46404883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new species from Italian Alps, Boreoheptagyia ortladamellica (Diptera, Chironomidae), is here described. The species is presently known only as adult male, it is similar to B. tibetica , because of the female-like antenna in adult male, but it can be separated by the following characters: much larger size, darker colour, medially pointed aedeagal lobe, knob-like and heavy sclerotized inferior volsella, gonostylus enlarged at basis with short spiniform setae at apex.
{"title":"Boreoheptagyia ortladamellica sp. nov. (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Italian Alps","authors":"B. Rossaro","doi":"10.4081/JEAR.2017.6860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/JEAR.2017.6860","url":null,"abstract":"A new species from Italian Alps, Boreoheptagyia ortladamellica (Diptera, Chironomidae), is here described. The species is presently known only as adult male, it is similar to B. tibetica , because of the female-like antenna in adult male, but it can be separated by the following characters: much larger size, darker colour, medially pointed aedeagal lobe, knob-like and heavy sclerotized inferior volsella, gonostylus enlarged at basis with short spiniform setae at apex.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/JEAR.2017.6860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42006995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beekeepers usually supply their colonies with alternatives to nectar (i.e. sugar feeding) during dearth periods of the year, especially cold times of winter. The objective of the study was to determine the best substances to feed bees to enhance the tolerance and survival of honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.) to low temperatures. Seven feeding choices were compared under laboratory conditions. These feeding choices were: sugar syrup, liquid honey, creamed honey, honey candy, sugar candy, honey jelly, and honey/sugarcane juice jelly. The results showed that the number of bees attracted to each feeding choice was influenced significantly by feeding type. Worker bees were attracted to all feeding choices and showed a high preference to creamed honey, honey jelly or honey/juice jelly. The tolerance of honey bees to low temperature was enhanced when bees were fed on creamed honey, sugar syrup or honey candy. The mean time at which 50% of bees were able to survive ranged from 3 days (unfed bees) to 15.8 days (honey candy group). The survival rate of worker bees was highest when they fed on honey candy, creamed honey or sugar candy. In light of this study, creamed honey or honey candy can be considered the best feeding choices for bee colonies during winter to enhance their survival and tolerance to low temperatures.
{"title":"Effects of various sugar feeding choices on survival and tolerance of honey bee workers to low temperatures","authors":"H. Abou-Shaara","doi":"10.4081/JEAR.2017.6200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/JEAR.2017.6200","url":null,"abstract":"Beekeepers usually supply their colonies with alternatives to nectar (i.e. sugar feeding) during dearth periods of the year, especially cold times of winter. The objective of the study was to determine the best substances to feed bees to enhance the tolerance and survival of honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.) to low temperatures. Seven feeding choices were compared under laboratory conditions. These feeding choices were: sugar syrup, liquid honey, creamed honey, honey candy, sugar candy, honey jelly, and honey/sugarcane juice jelly. The results showed that the number of bees attracted to each feeding choice was influenced significantly by feeding type. Worker bees were attracted to all feeding choices and showed a high preference to creamed honey, honey jelly or honey/juice jelly. The tolerance of honey bees to low temperature was enhanced when bees were fed on creamed honey, sugar syrup or honey candy. The mean time at which 50% of bees were able to survive ranged from 3 days (unfed bees) to 15.8 days (honey candy group). The survival rate of worker bees was highest when they fed on honey candy, creamed honey or sugar candy. In light of this study, creamed honey or honey candy can be considered the best feeding choices for bee colonies during winter to enhance their survival and tolerance to low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":37777,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/JEAR.2017.6200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46666107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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