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Sensor Fusion Algorithm Selection for an Autonomous Wheelchair Based on EKF/UKF Comparison 基于EKF/UKF比较的自主轮椅传感器融合算法选择
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijmerr.12.1.1-7
Bibiana Fariña, J. Toledo, L. Acosta
—This paper compares two sensorial fusion algorithms based on their characteristics and performance when applied to a localization system for an autonomous wheelchair in dynamic environments. The mobile robot localization module is composed by three sensors: Encoders attached to the wheels, LIDAR and IMU. The information provided by each one is combined according to their covariance obtaining the most reliable pose estimation possible. For this purpose, it focuses on the study of two fusion algorithms, the Extended and Unscented Kalman filters, detailing their properties and operation. Both methods are implemented in the wheelchair for its comparison. The experiments carried out demonstrate how the localization results with UKF are more precise than using the EKF in a non-linear system and shows similar pose estimation when using a constant velocity model, despite the fact that the UKF needs longer execution time than the EKF.
本文比较了两种基于感知融合算法的特点和性能,并将其应用于动态环境下的自主轮椅定位系统。移动机器人定位模块由三个传感器组成:附在车轮上的编码器、激光雷达和IMU。每一个提供的信息是根据他们的协方差组合得到最可靠的姿态估计可能。为此,重点研究了扩展卡尔曼滤波器和无气味卡尔曼滤波器两种融合算法,详细介绍了它们的性质和操作。两种方法都在轮椅上进行了比较。实验表明,尽管UKF比EKF需要更长的执行时间,但在非线性系统中使用UKF的定位结果比使用EKF的定位结果更精确,并且在使用恒速模型时显示出相似的姿态估计。
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引用次数: 4
A Novel ANSMC Algorithm for Tracking Control of 3-DOF Planar Parallel Manipulators 一种新的三自由度平面并联机器人ANSMC跟踪控制算法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijmerr.12.1.32-39
Thanh Nguyen Truong, A. Vo, Hee-Jun Kang
— Our article mainly focuses on dealing with several limitations of conventional sliding mode control (SMC), proportional-integral-derivative SMC (PID-SMC), and integral SMC (ISMC) for 3-DOF robotic manipulators at the same time. The paper focuses on three main points: improving the control accuracy, reducing chattering phenomena, and the convergence speed of the system states. Therefore, we develop a novel adaptive neural sliding mode control (ANSMC) algorithm for 3-DOF parallel robotic manipulators which has a complicated dynamic model, including modeling uncertainties, frictional uncertainties, and external disturbances. The control method is designed from three main control techniques, including ISMC, Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN), and the adaptive technique. First, a new integral terminal sliding mode (ITSM) surface is proposed to enhance the response rate and convergence rate. Second, RBFNN is employed to address disturbances and uncertainties. Besides, RBFNN also plays the role in reducing chattering behavior. While the adaptive technique is integrated into the reaching control law to remove the need for the upper bound values. Consequently, the proposed control system provides a high tracking accuracy and fast convergence rate. The chattering phenomena are significantly diminished in control signals. Simulation results on a 3-DOF parallel manipulator have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
本文主要讨论了传统滑模控制(SMC)、比例-积分-导数滑模控制(PID-SMC)和积分滑模控制(ISMC)在三自由度机器人控制中的局限性。本文主要从提高控制精度、减少抖振现象和提高系统状态收敛速度三个方面进行了研究。针对具有建模不确定性、摩擦不确定性和外部干扰等复杂动力学模型的三自由度并联机器人,提出了一种新的自适应神经滑模控制(ANSMC)算法。采用ISMC、径向基函数神经网络(RBFNN)和自适应技术三种主要控制技术设计控制方法。首先,提出了一种新的积分终端滑模(ITSM)曲面,以提高响应速度和收敛速度。其次,利用RBFNN来处理干扰和不确定性。此外,RBFNN还具有减少抖振行为的作用。在逼近控制律中引入自适应技术,消除了对上界值的要求。因此,该控制系统具有较高的跟踪精度和较快的收敛速度。控制信号中的抖振现象明显减弱。在一个三自由度并联机械臂上的仿真结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Cascaded PID Trajectory Tracking Control for Quadruped Robotic Leg 四足机器人腿的级联PID轨迹跟踪控制
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijmerr.12.1.40-47
Ahmed M. El-Dalatony, Tamer Attia, H. Ragheb, A. M. Sharaf
—This paper presents a cascaded Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) trajectory tracking controller to control the foot's tip of a quadruped robotic leg. The proposed robotic leg is designed and developed using electric Quasi-Direct Drive (QDD) actuators with high efficiency and torque density. Both the forward and inverse kinematics of the robotic leg are introduced to generate the desired path with the associated velocity of the foot's tip. Furthermore, the cascaded PID trajectory tracking controller is developed as a low-level controller to control the position and angular velocity of each leg's joint. Both the numerical simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed controller succeeded in tracking the desired trajectory with high accuracy and robustness of two different types of trajectories.
本文提出了一种级联比例积分导数(PID)轨迹跟踪控制器,用于控制四足机器人腿的脚尖。该机器人腿采用高效率、高扭矩密度的电动准直接驱动(QDD)作动器进行设计和研制。引入机器人腿的正运动学和逆运动学,以产生与脚尖相关的速度所需的路径。在此基础上,设计了串级PID轨迹跟踪控制器,作为一种低级控制器来控制每条腿关节的位置和角速度。数值仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的控制器对两种不同类型的轨迹都具有较高的跟踪精度和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 6
Design of Robust Adaptive Controller for Industrial Robot Based on Sliding Mode Control and Neural Network 基于滑模控制和神经网络的工业机器人鲁棒自适应控制器设计
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijmerr.12.3.145-150
T. D. Chuyen, Hoa Van Doan, P. Minh, Vu Viet Thong
—Today, industrial robots play an important role in industrial production lines. One of the most important problems in motion control of industrial robot systems is the tracking of reference motion trajectories. However, in designing the controller, it is difficult to build an accurate mathematical model for the robot. Especially in the real-time working process, the industrial robot is always affected by external noise, variable load, nonlinear friction, and unexpected changes in model parameters. To solve this problem, the paper which is built a robust adaptive controller based on the sliding mode controller and the RBF neural network. In the controller, the RBF neural network is used to approximate the unknown dynamics and the adaptive update law of the parameters of the network is built based on Lyapunov stability theory. The results of the controller are verified on Matlab Simulink software and show good tracking and high robustness.
今天,工业机器人在工业生产线上起着重要的作用。参考运动轨迹的跟踪是工业机器人系统运动控制中的一个重要问题。然而,在设计控制器时,很难对机器人建立精确的数学模型。特别是在实时工作过程中,工业机器人经常受到外界噪声、变载荷、非线性摩擦和模型参数意外变化的影响。针对这一问题,本文建立了基于滑模控制器和RBF神经网络的鲁棒自适应控制器。在控制器中,采用RBF神经网络逼近未知动态,并基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论建立了网络参数的自适应更新规律。仿真结果表明,该控制器具有良好的跟踪性和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 1
Cutting Force Coefficient for 5 Axis Rough Machining Process on PEEK Material PEEK材料五轴粗加工的切削力系数
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijmerr.12.1.57-63
H. H. Sutrisno, Triyono
— This study aims to provide the value of the cutting force coefficient on the rough 5 axis milling machining process using flat end 4 flute tools on the peek material. The cutting force coefficient is an experimental machining parameter obtained from modeling. The machining process with several spindle rotational speeds produces a morphology chip, which is then used as modeling information to form a cutting force coefficient graph from an experimental stage. Using 5 variations of spindle speed and constant depth of cut, the results obtained for the thickness of the chip resulted in differences in the coefficient of cutting force. At the highest spindle speed, the chip thickness resulting from the machining process is reduced compared to the lowest spindle rotation. Consequently, the value of the cutting force coefficient will increase compared to other lower spindle speeds.
-本研究旨在提供在peek材料上使用平端4槽刀具的粗5轴铣削加工过程中的切削力系数值。切削力系数是通过建模得到的实验加工参数。在不同转速的加工过程中产生一个形貌切屑,然后将其作为建模信息形成实验阶段的切削力系数图。采用5种不同的主轴转速和一定的切削深度,得到了切屑厚度对切削力系数的影响。在最高的主轴转速下,与最低的主轴转速相比,加工过程产生的切屑厚度减少了。因此,切削力系数的值将增加相比其他较低的主轴速度。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of the Butterfly Forewing Flap-and-twist Motion on the Generation of Thrust and Lift 蝴蝶前翼扑扭运动对推力和升力产生的影响
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijmerr.12.3.175-183
K. Tangudomkit, P. Smithmaitrie
—A butterfly is a unique flying insect that can fly at a low flapping frequency of 10-15 Hz. Therefore, it consumes little energy while flying. However, the mechanism of low-frequency wing beat has not been thoroughly explained. In this work, it was found that the synchronized flap-and-twist motion enhances the positive lift during both upstroke and downstroke. Models of butterfly forewings were made and tested to investigate the effects of flapping and twisting motions on the generation of thrust and lift. The active flapping and passive twisting mechanisms are proposed. Different ranges of flapping and twisting angles of the wings were investigated. The experimental result shows that the large symmetric twist angle [-75°, 75°] has a unique 3-cycle repetition of flapping force, which generates positive lift in a range of 0-0.06 N most of the time, with strong thrust fluctuations in a range of ±0.10 N. This synchronized flapping and twisting motion with positive lift generation is one explanation for butterfly flight in nature and reveals how butterflies can lift themselves with such a low flapping frequency.
蝴蝶是一种独特的飞行昆虫,可以以10-15赫兹的低拍动频率飞行。因此,它在飞行时消耗的能量很少。然而,低频翼拍的机理尚未得到充分的解释。在这项工作中,发现同步的拍打和扭转运动增强了向上和向下划水的正升力。建立了蝴蝶前翼模型并进行了实验,研究了扑动和扭转运动对前翼推力和升力产生的影响。提出了主动扑动和被动扭转机构。研究了不同范围的扑动和机翼的扭转角度。实验结果表明,大的对称扭转角[-75°,75°]具有独特的3周期重复扑动力,在大多数时间内产生0-0.06 N的正升力,推力波动在±0.10 N的范围内强烈波动。这种同步的正升力产生的扑动和扭转运动是自然界中蝴蝶飞行的一种解释,揭示了蝴蝶如何以如此低的扑动频率提升自己。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling and Designing Hierarchical Sliding Mode Controller for a 4-DOF Solar Autonomous Underwater Vehicles 四自由度太阳能自主水下航行器的分层滑模控制器建模与设计
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijmerr.12.5.275-283
Tuan Nguyen Van, Phong Dinh Van, Tan Nguyen Cong, Hung Nguyen Chi
—Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) are automatic equipment that can move in 6 degrees of freedom according to the motion in the water. Modeling accurately AUV is very difficult because of the influence of factors such as hydrodynamic forces, time error, and environmental noise, etc. It is important that the controller designing needs to meet the requirements of stability and suitability to specific diving equipment models. The hydrodynamic equations are established with the assumed conditions. Controlling self-propelled diving equipment is a major challenge for researchers because of the complex, and nonlinear correlation between diving and operating environments. Therefore, high-quality control systems for the AUV should exhibit the ability to update the variability of the device's hydrodynamic coefficients to achieve the desired control quality. In this study, the authors focus on building a Hierarchical Sliding Mode Controller (HSMC) for Solar Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (S-AUV), the kinematics and dynamics of the underactuated attitude control adjusting system are analyzed. More precisely, the controller is designed based on the hydrodynamic model of the S-AUV. By employing the propulsion speed, the position of the steering blades as design variables, the dive of the S-AUV is stably controlled in location, velocity, and depth. For a given set of operating parameters, the simulation result shows that the developed controller exhibits errors within the allowed range of values.
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引用次数: 0
Dimensional Synthesis of a Six-bar Shaper Mechanism with the Genetic Algorithm Optimization Approach 基于遗传算法优化的六杆成形机构尺寸综合
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijmerr.12.2.113-120
A. Yazdani, Soroush Abyaneh
—This paper provides an approach based on the genetic algorithm for the dimensional synthesis of a six-bar mechanism for a shaper machine. The main purpose of the optimization algorithm is to maintain the velocity of the mechanism’s slider constant within a specified range of the rotational motion of the input link. Therefore, first, an objective function is defined for the slider. Then, the velocity function of the slider is calculated using a set of mathematical relationships and the mechanism’s kinematic constraints. In order for this function to reach the objective function, a cost function is defined. This cost function is minimized, and the output approaches the objective function by selecting the appropriate parameters for the mechanism. To this end, four accuracy points are selected within a specific range of motion of the input link. Subsequently, the distances between the points on the velocity function of the slider and the predetermined function are calculated at these four points. The goal is to minimize these four distances. Hence, a cost function is defined in the form of the squares of the sums of these distances and is minimized using the genetic algorithm. Therefore, this cost function is used to minimize the error between the desired points and the points generated by the mechanism and can be affected by factors such as the lengths of the links, the transmission angles, the Grashof condition, and the mechanism type. In the genetic algorithm, the population, crossover, or mutation determines the accuracy of the results. The purpose of this research is to find the optimal dimensions of the links in order to minimize the error between the ideal and actual slider velocity functions. Ultimately, a numerical example is provided where the optimal dimensions are suggested by the optimization algorithm.
本文提出了一种基于遗传算法的六杆成形机构尺寸综合方法。优化算法的主要目的是保持机构滑块的速度恒定在输入环节的旋转运动的指定范围内。因此,首先为滑块定义一个目标函数。然后,利用一组数学关系和机构的运动约束条件计算滑块的速度函数。为了使这个函数达到目标函数,定义了一个代价函数。该代价函数被最小化,并且通过选择适当的机制参数使输出接近目标函数。为此,在输入环节的特定运动范围内选择四个精度点。然后,在这四个点处计算滑块速度函数上的点与预定函数的距离。我们的目标是最小化这四个距离。因此,成本函数以这些距离和的平方的形式定义,并使用遗传算法最小化。因此,该代价函数用于最小化期望点与机构产生的点之间的误差,并且可以受到诸如连杆长度,传动角度,Grashof条件和机构类型等因素的影响。在遗传算法中,种群、交叉或突变决定了结果的准确性。本研究的目的是找出连杆的最佳尺寸,以使理想滑块速度函数与实际滑块速度函数之间的误差最小。最后,给出了一个优化算法给出的最优尺寸的数值算例。
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引用次数: 1
Estimation of CNC Machining Parameter Levels for Brass Union Using an Adaptive Constrained Response Surface Optimization Model 基于自适应约束响应面优化模型的黄铜接头数控加工参数水平估计
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijmerr.12.3.137-144
P. Luangpaiboon, Napatchya Kantaputra, Natchira Chongsawad, P. Aungkulanon, L. Ruekkasaem, W. Atthirawong
—The selection of appropriate levels of machining parameters is an important consideration that determines machinability or other quality measures. In this study, the CNC machining process was designed to optimize the effects of machining parameters such as feed rate, spindle speed
-选择适当水平的加工参数是决定可加工性或其他质量措施的重要考虑因素。在本研究中,设计了数控加工工艺,优化了进给速度、主轴转速等加工参数的影响
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引用次数: 0
Using Rows and Columns of Distance Matrix to Identify Isomorphisms in Kinematic Chains 用距离矩阵的行和列识别运动链中的同构
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.18178/ijmerr.12.3.159-168
Mohamed Aly Abdel Kader, A. Aannaque
—There has always been a need to develop simple, reliable, and efficient methods for identifying isomorphic kinematic chains (KCs). Discriminating against a large number of KCs in a short period of time is a complex and difficult task at the moment. Most isomorphism identification techniques involve complex concepts and intermediate parameter comparisons, especially as the number of bars increases. The proposed method identifies isomorphism in KCs by generating an invariant from the rows and columns of the distance matrix. All of the results obtained using this method on 8-bar, 10-bar, and 12-bar, three complex 13-bar, 15-bar, and 28-bar simple joint planar kinematic chains, as well as 10-bar and 12-bar simple joint non-planar kinematic chains, agree with the published results. The method's reliability and efficiency are confirmed when the results are compared to previously published works.
-一直需要开发简单,可靠和有效的方法来识别同构运动链(KCs)。在短时间内对大量的KCs进行歧视是一项复杂而艰巨的任务。大多数同构识别技术涉及复杂的概念和中间参数比较,特别是当条数增加时。该方法通过从距离矩阵的行和列生成不变量来识别KCs中的同构。用该方法对8-bar、10-bar、12-bar、13-bar、15-bar、28-bar三种复杂简单关节平面运动链以及10-bar、12-bar简单关节非平面运动链的分析结果与已有的结果基本一致。通过与已有研究成果的对比,验证了该方法的可靠性和有效性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research
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