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Croatian Peasant Party in Italy from 1945 to 1947 1945年至1947年在意大利的克罗地亚农民党
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22586/review.v17i1.19694
Ivana Tepeš
The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the hitherto poorly researched activities of the Croatian Peasant Party (CPP) in Italy from June 1945 to mid-1947, based on archival sources of the Yugoslav Secret Service, CPP emigrant media and relevant literature. This is a period that marks the arrival and departure of prominent CPP members from Italy. The paper analyses the mutual relationship of CPP members in the party and their attitude towards other emigrant groups and Croatian refugees. During the observed period, most of the CPP’s pre-war MPs who found themselves in exile resided in Italy, and Italy was then one of the most important party centres of activity.
本文的目的是根据南斯拉夫特勤局、克罗地亚农民党移民媒体和相关文献的档案资料,介绍和分析迄今为止研究不足的克罗地亚农民党(CPP)从1945年6月到1947年中期在意大利的活动。这是一个标志着意大利人民党重要成员到来和离开的时期。本文分析了波兰人民党党员在党内的相互关系,以及他们对其他移民群体和克罗地亚难民的态度。在观察期间,大多数被流放的战前菲共议员都居住在意大利,当时意大利是该党最重要的活动中心之一。
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引用次数: 0
An Abbey as a Stronghold 作为要塞的修道院
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22586/review.v17i1.12071
Hrvoje Kekez
The main goal of this paper is to analyze the strategic role of Cistercian abbey of Blessed Virgin Mary in Topusko (medieval Toplica) in anti-Ottoman defense during 16th century, especially because it is rather exceptional of usage sacral complex in anti-Ottoman defense system in rather long period. In order to do so it is determined and analyzed strategic importance of the monastic complex in anti-Ottoman defense line and the change of it according to ever going Ottoman conquest of new territories, i.e. approaching of the bordering line. Furthermore, the organization of defense of the rather large estate of Topusko abbey as well as the changes of the monastic fortifications are addressed. Even more, the role of the commendatory abbots of the abbey, as well the serves of the abbey, in the larger efforts in composing and functioning of the anti-Ottoman defense line are analyzed. Finally, the proximate time and context of the final abandoning of the former Cistercian abbey is determined.
本文的主要目的是分析16世纪托普斯科(中世纪托普利卡)西多会圣母修道院在反奥斯曼防御中的战略作用,特别是在相当长一段时间内,它在反奥斯曼防御体系中使用的神圣情结相当特殊。为了做到这一点,确定和分析了修道院建筑群在反奥斯曼防线中的战略重要性,以及它随着奥斯曼帝国对新领土的征服而发生的变化,即边界的接近。此外,还讨论了托普斯科修道院相当大的庄园的防御组织以及修道院防御工事的变化。更重要的是,修道院的赞美院长的作用,以及修道院的服务,在更大的努力组成和反奥斯曼防线的功能进行了分析。最后,确定了最终放弃前西多会修道院的大致时间和背景。
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引用次数: 0
Grafen von Krabaten Grafen von Krabaten
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22586/review.v17i1.16852
Robert Kurelić
The counts of Krk were one of the most prestigious and most powerful noble families in late medieval Croatia, with a dominant role attained under Nicholas IV who received the last name Frankapani from Pope Martin V in 1430. Soon after his death German language sources began to refer to the family as Grafen von Krabaten or Counts of Croatia, a somewhat peculiar designation considering that there were other prominent families such as the counts of Krbava who also maintained contacts within the Holy Roman Empire. This paper traces the development of the term von Krabaten from 1440 until the election of Ferdinand I Habsburg as king of Croatia, showing how it was used throughout the century and may have been an indication of the respect and status achieved by the Frankapani under Nicholas IV and his sons. The term is also explored as a helping tool for further research into the history of the family using sources that have hitherto been overlooked or neglected.
克尔克伯爵是中世纪晚期克罗地亚最负盛名、最强大的贵族家族之一,在尼古拉斯四世(1430年从教皇马丁五世那里获得了法兰克帕尼的姓氏)统治下,克尔克伯爵占据了主导地位。在他死后不久,德语来源开始将这个家族称为格拉芬·冯·克拉aten或克罗地亚伯爵,这是一个有点奇怪的称呼,因为还有其他显赫的家族,如克巴瓦伯爵,也与神圣罗马帝国保持着联系。本文追溯了从1440年到费迪南德一世哈布斯堡被选为克罗地亚国王,冯克拉aten一词的发展,展示了它是如何在整个世纪中使用的,可能是尼古拉四世和他的儿子们统治下的法兰克人所获得的尊重和地位的象征。这个术语也被作为一种辅助工具来探索,利用迄今为止被忽视或忽视的资源来进一步研究家族的历史。
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引用次数: 0
Franjo Tuđman in the Sources of the Rebel Serbs at the beginning of the 1990s Franjo Tuđman在1990年代初塞尔维亚叛军的来源
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22586/review.v17i1.16548
Ante Nazor
This work presents some legal acts passed and initiatives launched by the Croatian government the aim of which was to protect the rights of the national minorities in Croatia and reach an agreement with the representatives of the Serbs in Croatia so as to avoid armed conflict. The facts presented in this work are important in the context of any given analysis about the issue of whether the Serbs were marginalized with the change of government in Croatia in 1990 and whether their armed rebellion was caused by actions made by the Croatian government and President Tuđman or came as a result of careful planning by proponents of the idea of Greater Serbia. We used a number of documents from the archival material of the Republic of Serbian Krajina to show what had been said and written about President Tuđman in the first half of the 1990s by political and military representatives of those Croatian Serbs that rebelled against the Croatian government and participated in the armed aggression against the Republic of Croatia. We describe how the Serb leadership in the temporarily occupied areas of Croatia accused the Croatian government and Franjo Tuđman of conducting criminal and “national-Fascist” policies against the Serbs and present the facts that completely debunk the accusations. These facts include official documents issued and decisions reached by the Croatian government about protecting the national minorities in Croatia during the mandate of President Tuđman. The work ends with the conclusion that the mentioned accusations were launched for the purpose of creating a greater Serbian state by homogenizing the Serbs.
这项工作介绍了克罗地亚政府通过的一些法律法案和发起的倡议,其目的是保护克罗地亚境内少数民族的权利,并与克罗地亚境内塞族人代表达成协议,以避免武装冲突。在分析塞族是否随着1990年克罗地亚政府的更迭而被边缘化,以及他们的武装叛乱是由克罗地亚政府和总统Tuđman的行动造成的,还是由大塞尔维亚构想的支持者精心策划的结果这一问题时,本书所提出的事实是很重要的。我们使用了克拉伊纳塞族共和国档案材料中的一些文件,以显示那些反叛克罗地亚政府并参与对克罗地亚共和国进行武装侵略的克罗地亚塞族的政治和军事代表在1990年代上半叶对Tuđman总统的言论和文字。我们描述了克罗地亚临时占领地区的塞族领导人如何指责克罗地亚政府和弗朗霍Tuđman对塞族实施犯罪和“民族法西斯”政策,并提出了完全驳斥这些指控的事实。这些事实包括克罗地亚政府在总统Tuđman任期内颁布的关于保护克罗地亚少数民族的正式文件和作出的决定。这项工作的最后结论是,提出上述指控的目的是通过使塞尔维亚人同质化来建立一个更大的塞尔维亚国家。
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引用次数: 0
In Between Factual Truth and Social Construction 在事实真相与社会建构之间
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22586/review.v17i1.14935
Sandra Cvikić
The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into how knowledge about dr. Franjo Tuđman was internationally created, namely the international context in which scientists and experts have produced factual truths about Croatia’s First President’s leadership, his role and accountability in the events that have marked the violent disintegration of former Yugoslavia, Croatia’s war of defense, and democratic transition. Developed discourse of the international scholarship about Yugoslav wars of disintegration and Croatia’s painful democratic transition is analyzed to determine how and in what way Dr. Franjo Tuđman is represented in selected publications available to the author of this paper. International scholarly production under the review is rather multidisciplinary with a variety of approaches, methodologies and theories providing rich data which in this case is studied juxtaposed to dominant transitional justice discourse framework. Such qualitative sociological research tries to deconstruct international scholarly context in which factual truths about dr. Franjo Tuđman were socially constructed by scholars and experts. Even though not always framed under the umbrella of transitional justice scholarship, developed discourse is Even though not always framed under the umbrella of transitional justice scholarship, developed discourse is nonetheless analyzed through critical lenses of social constructivism and approached in post-modernist sociological manner.
本文的目的是深入了解关于Franjo博士Tuđman的知识是如何在国际上产生的,即在科学家和专家产生关于克罗地亚第一任总统领导的事实真相的国际背景下,他在标志着前南斯拉夫暴力解体,克罗地亚的防御战争和民主转型的事件中的作用和责任。本文分析了关于南斯拉夫解体战争和克罗地亚痛苦的民主转型的国际学术发展话语,以确定本文作者可获得的精选出版物如何以及以何种方式代表Franjo博士Tuđman。在审查下的国际学术成果是相当多学科的,具有各种方法,方法和理论,提供了丰富的数据,在这种情况下,与主导的过渡司法话语框架并列研究。这种定性社会学研究试图解构国际学术背景,在这种背景下,学者和专家对关于Franjo博士Tuđman的事实真相进行了社会建构。尽管并不总是在过渡正义学术的保护伞下,发达话语仍然通过社会建构主义的批判镜头进行分析,并以后现代主义社会学的方式进行研究。
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引用次数: 0
The Life and Decline of a Planned Industrial Town 规划工业城镇的生活与衰落
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.22586/review.v16i1.11295
Ivan Brlić
This paper discusses the emergence, existence, and fate of a planned, systematic town in a passive region of the then Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia – later renamed to Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – in the period after World War II. The author critically assesses the reasons for the creation and construction of a modern town at the locality of ​​Lički Osik in central Lika. The town was entirely dependent on and shared the same fate with the military industrial facility “Marko Orešković”, as it was built to support its production. Economic, social, and cultural ups and downs marked the half-century existence of this town, defining both its uncertain present and its promising future. Based on unpublished archival documents from that period, the author has reconstructed the reasons and modes of existence of the planned military enterprise as well as the associated town, which remains emblematic as an unrealistic and misunderstood economic development project in this part of Croatia.
本文讨论了二战后,在当时的南斯拉夫联邦人民共和国(后来更名为南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国)的一个被动地区,一个有计划、有系统的城镇的出现、存在和命运。摘要作者批判性地评价了中国近代城镇创建和建设的原因​​Lika市中心的Lički Osik。该镇完全依赖于军事工业设施“Marko Orešković”,并与之有着相同的命运,因为它的建造是为了支持其生产。经济、社会和文化的起伏标志着这个小镇存在了半个世纪,既定义了它不确定的现在,也定义了它充满希望的未来。根据该时期未发表的档案文件,作者重建了计划中的军事企业以及相关城镇的存在原因和模式,该城镇仍然象征着克罗地亚这一地区不切实际和被误解的经济发展项目。
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引用次数: 0
A Purposelless Effort 徒劳的努力
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.22586/review.v16i1.11341
S. Bekavac, Ivica Miškulin
In this paper, the authors analyses the relation of international community (European Community) to minority legislation of Republic of Croatia in 1991-1992. In concrete, establishing beyond dispute and evaluating the reasons why the Yugoslavia Peace Conference or special institution which European Community formed in order to find a peaceful solution of the conflict, pressed Zagreb strongly to make deep changes of minority legislation. Special attention is given to the Conference's fixation on special status or regional political autonomy for the territories of Republic of Croatia with Serbian majority.
本文分析了1991-1992年国际社会(欧共体)与克罗地亚共和国少数民族立法的关系。具体地说,无可争议地确定和评价为什么南斯拉夫和平会议或欧洲共同体为寻求和平解决冲突而成立的特别机构强烈地迫使萨格勒布对少数民族立法作出深刻的改变。特别注意到会议对塞族占多数的克罗地亚共和国领土的特殊地位或区域政治自治的关注。
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引用次数: 0
The Foundation of Mirogoj as Central Cemetery of Zagreb Mirogoj作为萨格勒布中央公墓的奠基仪式
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.22586/review.v16i1.11290
K. Milković
The paper presents the foundation of Mirogoj in 1876 as the central cemetery of Zagreb. Since the 1850s, Zagreb had been developing as the capital of Croatia in the modern sense of the word, as a Gründerstadt. As early as the 1860s, the public was of the opinion that a central cemetery should be established outside the city limits. This idea came to fruition in the mid-1870s, in the context of urbanization and modernization of the city. The founding of Mirogoj was an expression of modernity and self-awareness of the bourgeois society, as well as the new sensibilities and aesthetics characteristic of the 19th century.
本文介绍了1876年米罗戈吉作为萨格勒布中央墓地的基础。自19世纪50年代以来,萨格勒布一直在发展成为现代意义上的克罗地亚首都,作为一个大城市。早在19世纪60年代,公众就认为应该在城市范围之外建立一个中央墓地。这个想法在19世纪70年代中期,在城市城市化和现代化的背景下实现了。Mirogoj的创立是资产阶级社会的现代性和自我意识的表现,也是19世纪新情感和美学特征的表现。
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引用次数: 0
Demographic Indicators in the Registers of Marriages of the 18th Century Parish of Miholjac 18世纪米霍尔亚克教区婚姻登记中的人口统计指标
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.22586/review.v16i1.11340
Dubravka Božić Bogović, M. Komar
This paper, using historical demography methods, as well as quantitative, analytical and descriptive methods, determines, analyses and interprets the demographic indicators contained in the registers of marriages of the 18th century Parish of Miholjac. In addition to identifying the corpus of the data contained in the registers of marriages, to be potentially used as indicators of certain demographic facts relating to the past of the population of the 18th century Donji Miholjac and its immediate surroundings, the paper also determines the annual, seasonal, monthly and daily distribution of marriages and examines the level of the impact which social, religious, cultural, and economic factors had on entering into marriage. The assumption that the population of the 18th century Parish of Miholjac did not enter the demographic transition phase, in other words that it exhibits characteristics specific to pre-transitional societies, is verified by determining the age of newlyweds when entering marriage and by analysing remarriages.
本文运用历史人口学的方法,以及定量、分析和描述的方法,确定、分析和解释了18世纪米霍尔雅克教区婚姻登记册中包含的人口统计指标。除了确定婚姻登记册中包含的数据语库,这些数据可能被用作与18世纪东吉·米霍尔雅茨及其周边地区过去人口有关的某些人口统计事实的指标外,该文件还确定了婚姻的年度、季节、月度和每日分布情况,并检查了社会、宗教、文化和经济因素对结婚的影响程度。18世纪米霍尔亚克教区的人口没有进入人口过渡阶段的假设,换句话说,它表现出过渡前社会特有的特征,可以通过确定新婚夫妇结婚时的年龄和分析再婚来证实。
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引用次数: 0
Indicators of the Housing Stock in Zagreb from 1945 until the late 1960s 1945年至1960年代末萨格勒布住房存量指标
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.22586/review.v16i1.11292
Lidija Bencetić
This paper uses Zagreb as a case study for assessing the development of a socialist city and the housing issues that this development implied. After World War II, Zagreb experienced steep demographic growth owing to a large influx of rural population, and to a lesser extent as a result of natality increase. In 1946, the city had about 270 thousand inhabitants, and in 1969 about 570 thousand. Due to the accelerated industrial development, it needed new workforce, but lacked housing, and its infrastructure was not sufficiently developed to meet the needs of all its residents. Housing construction was based on both social and private initiatives, whereby socially funded projects were multi-storey buildings and the privately funded ones single-storey houses. Due to these private constructions, that is, houses with one storey only, Zagreb resembled a village rather than a city. In assessing the housing construction of Zagreb and its urban development in general after World War II, we are inclined to agree with Davor Stipetić’s statement that Zagreb arose as an architectural enterprise that lacked planning in its development.
本文以萨格勒布为例,评估了一个社会主义城市的发展以及这一发展所隐含的住房问题。第二次世界大战后,由于农村人口的大量涌入,萨格勒布的人口急剧增长,而出生率的提高,人口增长幅度较小。1946年,该市约有27万居民,1969年约有57万居民。由于工业发展的加速,它需要新的劳动力,但缺乏住房,基础设施也不够发达,无法满足所有居民的需求。住房建设是以社会和私人倡议为基础的,社会资助的项目是多层建筑,私人资助的是单层房屋。由于这些私人建筑,也就是只有一层的房子,萨格勒布就像一个村庄而不是一个城市。在评估第二次世界大战后萨格勒布的住房建设及其城市发展时,我们倾向于同意Davor Stipetić的说法,即萨格勒布是一家在发展过程中缺乏规划的建筑企业。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Review of Croatian History
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