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Review of Croatian History最新文献

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The repression of the communist regime in Yugoslavia against political opponents in the Socialist Republic of Croatia in the 1970s 1970年代南斯拉夫共产主义政权对克罗地亚社会主义共和国政治对手的镇压
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.22586/review.v18i1.24289
Wollfy Krašić
The paper analyzes the arrest and trial of a group of opponents of the communist regime in Yugoslavia in the mid-1970s in the Socialist Republic of Croatia, who were convicted of founding a terrorist organization that collaborated with Croatian anti-Yugoslav émigrés in the West. The verdict is compared with the investigative documents of the Yugoslav intelligence service, but also with the authorized record of the conversation that the author of this paper had with the first defendant Tomislav Držić in 2019. It is argued that this was a group of regime dissidents whose activity consisted of anti-regime conversations, writing anti-regime texts that were not disseminated, reading Croatian émigrés' propaganda materials and Držić's occasional contacts with émigré in Canada Stjepan Dubičanac, rather than a terrorist organization that could seriously shake the regime.
本文分析了20世纪70年代中期在克罗地亚社会主义共和国逮捕和审判一群南斯拉夫共产主义政权的反对者,他们被判成立了一个与西方克罗地亚反南斯拉夫移民合作的恐怖组织。该判决与南斯拉夫情报部门的调查文件进行了比较,也与本文作者2019年与第一被告Tomislav Držić的对话授权记录进行了比较。有人认为,这是一群政权持不同政见者,他们的活动包括反政权对话、撰写未被传播的反政权文本、阅读克罗地亚移民的宣传材料以及扎奇博士偶尔与加拿大Stjepan Dubičanac的移民接触,而不是一个可能严重动摇政权的恐怖组织。
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引用次数: 0
Schule als Zeitungsthema im 19. Jahrhundert in Kroatien 学校作为19年报纸的主题。19世纪在克罗地亚
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.22586/review.v18i1.24284
Vlasta Švoger
In dieser Arbeit werden die Presselandschaft Kroatiens um die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts und die Rolle der Zeitungen als Teil der öffentlichen Medien skizziert. Dem folgt die Analyse der publizistischen Tätigkeit von Mijat Stojanović, einem der prominentesten kroatischen Lehrer und Pädagogen des 19. Jahrhunderts. In seinen zahlreichen Artikeln in kroatischen politischen Zeitungen versuchte er die kroatische politische Öffentlichkeit und Entscheidungsträger für die wichtige gesellschaftliche Rolle der Schule und ihre Probleme zu sensibilisieren.
本文介绍了19世纪中期前后克罗地亚的新闻景观。概述了报纸作为公共媒体的作用。随后分析了19世纪克罗地亚最著名的教师和教育家之一Mijat Stojanović的新闻活动。在19世纪。他在克罗地亚政治报纸上发表了许多文章,试图提高克罗地亚政治公众和决策者对学校的重要社会作用及其问题的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Conflict between Yugoslavia and the International Committee of the Red Cross in the aftermath of the Second World War 第二次世界大战后南斯拉夫与红十字国际委员会之间的冲突
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.22586/review.v18i1.24287
M. Kevo
The International Committee of the Red Cross from Geneva and its activities in the circumstances of the Second World War has been exclusively humanitarian, and the ICRC based it on the then applicable provisions and regulations of the International Law of War (the Law of Armed Conflict). In the aftermath of the Second World War, sporadic allegations began to arise on the ICRC's activities in the war’s circumstances, from 1939 to 1945. These allegations focused in particular on the ICRC's relations with the Authorities of the German Reich, and on the ICRC's activities in favor of the Jews during the war. Initially, the ICRC and its leadership has been facing sporadic accusations from various organizations or individuals, as well as accusations from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), that had no official relations with the ICRC, and shown open hostilities towards the ICRC in the aftermath of the Second World War. In mid-1946, the representatives of Yugoslav authorities accused the ICRC of protecting collaborators and war criminals and further aggravated the situation. The reason for the outbreak of the conflict was the issue of displaced persons, among other. The Yugoslav Red Cross started the conflict that continued through the official Yugoslav press, with the support of the Yugoslav authorities. Soon, both the Yugoslav Red Cross and the Yugoslav authorities extended their allegations towards the ICRC to the entire ICRC’s activities carried out during the war. Based on original archival sources, published sources and literature, the author presents the genesis of the conflict.
来自日内瓦的红十字国际委员会及其在第二次世界大战期间的活动完全是人道主义性质的,红十字委员会以当时适用的《国际战争法》(《武装冲突法》)的规定和条例为基础。第二次世界大战结束后,从1939年到1945年,红十字委员会在战争环境中的活动开始出现零星的指控。这些指控特别集中于红十字委员会与德意志帝国当局的关系,以及红十字委员会在战争期间为犹太人开展的活动。最初,红十字委员会及其领导层不时面临各种组织或个人的指控,以及苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟(苏联)的指控,这些组织或个人与红十字委员会没有正式关系,并在第二次世界大战后对红十字委员会表现出公开的敌对行动。1946年年中,南斯拉夫当局代表指责红十字委员会保护合作者和战犯,使局势进一步恶化。冲突爆发的原因是流离失所者等问题。南斯拉夫红十字会在南斯拉夫当局的支持下通过南斯拉夫官方媒体发动了这场持续的冲突。不久,南斯拉夫红十字会和南斯拉夫当局都将对红十字委员会的指控扩大到红十字委员会在战争期间开展的全部活动。根据原始档案资料、出版资料和文献,作者提出了冲突的根源。
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引用次数: 0
Baptismal kinship and wedding witnesses in the parish of Desne as factors of social networks (1870 - 1875) Desne教区的浸礼会亲属关系和婚礼见证人作为社会网络的因素(1870-1875)
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.22586/review.v18i1.24280
Sandra Šutalo, Marinko Marić
This work is based on the analysis of the register of baptisms and weddings of the Desne parish in the Neretva Valley. Godparents’ and wedding witnesses’ relationships were analysed, godparents’ for 1870 and 1871, and wedding witnesses’ for the period from 1870 to 1875. By analysing the data, it was tried to be determined whether those relationships were used as social network links or as a means of better positioning within the community. The study is based on the analysis of the number of godparents and their sex structure, on the interval between the birth of the children and their baptism, on the correspondence of the children’s and godparents’ names and surnames, on the number of multiplied godparents, on the comparison between the godparents’ and children’s parents’ jobs as well as on the places where children and godparents lived. In the case of weddings, the number and sex of wedding witnesses, correspondence of the children’s and wedding witnesses’ names and surnames, multiplied wedding witnesses’ and the places where spouses and wedding witnesses lived were analysed.
这项工作是基于对Neretva山谷Desne教区洗礼和婚礼登记的分析。分析了教母和婚礼见证人的关系,1870年和1871年的教母关系,以及1870年至1875年的婚礼见证人关系。通过分析数据,试图确定这些关系是被用作社交网络链接,还是被用作在社区中更好定位的手段。本研究基于对教母数量及其性别结构的分析,对孩子出生与洗礼之间的间隔,对孩子和教母的姓名和姓氏的对应关系,对教母倍增的数量,关于教母和子女父母工作的比较,以及子女和教母居住的地方。在婚礼的情况下,对婚礼见证人的人数和性别、子女和婚礼见证人姓名和姓氏的对应关系、多次婚礼见证人以及配偶和婚礼见证者居住的地方进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
The first wave of rock'n'roll in Yugoslavia and its impact on the socialist youth 南斯拉夫第一波摇滚浪潮及其对社会主义青年的影响
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.22586/review.v18i1.24288
Mirjam Vida Blagojević
By taking advantage of abundant literature that has been written on the subject, the paper aims to give an overview of the history of rock music in Yugoslavia from its introduction in 1956 to the mid-1970s, when the new wave emerged. It also intends to remind the reader of this topic's relevance and open possible new research questions for history and related fields. Particular emphasis will be placed on the impact that this musical, cultural, social, and political phenomenon had on the lives of Yugoslav and other socialist youth while highlighting the changes rock'n'roll brought to their lives, including opening up to Western cultural influences through new fashion, different forms of youth entertainment, new understanding and redefining of gender relations. Also, the paper will review the cooperation of Yugoslav rock musicians with the Eastern bloc musicians. Through the analysis of articles found in Džuboks, a youth music magazine deemed popular at the time. The paper will attempt to illustrate how the Yugoslav youth rock press helped shape the minds of young people. This paper intends to remind the reader of this topic's relevance and open possible new research questions for this and related fields.
通过利用大量关于这一主题的文献,本文旨在概述南斯拉夫摇滚乐的历史,从1956年引入到20世纪70年代中期,当新浪潮出现时。它还旨在提醒读者这个主题的相关性,并为历史和相关领域开辟可能的新研究问题。将特别强调这种音乐、文化、社会和政治现象对南斯拉夫和其他社会主义青年生活的影响,同时强调摇滚给他们的生活带来的变化,包括通过新的时尚、不同形式的青年娱乐、对性别关系的新理解和重新定义向西方文化的影响开放。此外,本文还将回顾南斯拉夫摇滚音乐家与东方集团音乐家的合作。通过分析当时流行的青少年音乐杂志Džuboks上的文章,得出了上述结论。本文将试图说明南斯拉夫青年摇滚媒体如何帮助塑造年轻人的思想。本文旨在提醒读者这一主题的相关性,并为这一领域和相关领域开辟可能的新研究问题。
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引用次数: 0
Eastern Adriatic cities and their role in Venetian (long distance) commercial activities during the 13th and the first half of the 14th century 13世纪和14世纪上半叶,东亚得里亚海城市及其在威尼斯(长途)商业活动中的作用
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.22586/review.v18i1.24278
Irena Benyovsky Latin
The main strategy was to maintain the sea route from the northernmost point of the Adriatic to the Levant, and to introduce the necessary legal, commercial, and administrative practices modelled upon its own. During the 13th and 14th centuries Venice worked on gaining military and economic control over the Eastern Adriatic and “prepared the ground” for its later long dominance in that area. In this period, from Venetian perspective, the cities were primarily strategic and exchange points – and were increasingly perceived as the natural hub of connections between the Mediterranean and Central Europe or the West and the Levant. The infrastructures that supported the Venetian long-distance trade in the 13th and 14th centuries were related to security, equipment, and the possibility of transit, as well as supplying enough manpower on the way.
主要战略是维持从亚得里亚海最北端到黎凡特的海上路线,并引入必要的法律、商业和行政实践。在13世纪和14世纪,威尼斯致力于获得对东亚得里亚海的军事和经济控制,并为其后来在该地区的长期统治“奠定了基础”。在这一时期,从威尼斯人的角度来看,这些城市主要是战略和交换点,并越来越被视为地中海与中欧或西方与黎凡特之间的天然连接枢纽。支持13世纪和14世纪威尼斯长途贸易的基础设施涉及安全、设备和过境的可能性,以及在途中提供足够的人力。
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引用次数: 0
What Varaždin high school students know and think about fascism and anti-fascism? Varaždin高中生对法西斯主义和反法西斯主义的了解和思考是什么?
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.22586/review.v18i1.24295
Vladimir Huzjan
In this paper, the author presents the results of a survey conducted electronically from the beginning of March to the end of May 2021 among students of nine high schools in Varaždin on their knowledge and attitudes about fascism and anti-fascism. The survey consisted of 20 questions, and the answers were given by 356 students. This paper does not bring critiques or suggestions of the history curriculum for high schools, but presents some of its results. Special attention was paid to the events marking the 80th anniversary of the persecution of Jews in Varaždin (1941-2021), which were held during July 2021.
在本文中,作者介绍了2021年3月初至5月底在瓦拉季丁九所高中的学生中进行的一项电子调查的结果,该调查涉及他们对法西斯主义和反法西斯主义的知识和态度。这项调查包括20个问题,356名学生给出了答案。本文没有对高中历史课程提出批评或建议,但介绍了一些研究结果。特别关注2021年7月举行的瓦拉日丁迫害犹太人80周年纪念活动(1941-2021年)。
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引用次数: 0
Vladimir Vinek's dribbles Vladimir Vinek的运球
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.22586/review.v18i1.21411
Mario Stipančević
The paper attempts to shed light on the biography of Vladimir Vinek, a popular Zagreb football player during the early 1920s and one of the first real football stars in Croatia. It also attempts to explain his professional and private life, deeply connected with the contemporary social upheavals marked by repressive regimes of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and later of the Independent State of Croatia. After considerable success with football Vinek became completely dedicated to his police career, first serving to the regime of Yugoslav king Alexander Karađorđević and later on to the Ustasha regime of Ante Pavelić, which would ultimate lead to his demise.
这篇论文试图揭示弗拉基米尔·维内克的传记,他是20世纪20年代初萨格勒布的一名受欢迎的足球运动员,也是克罗地亚第一批真正的足球明星之一。它还试图解释他的职业和私人生活,与南斯拉夫王国和后来的克罗地亚独立国的镇压政权所标志的当代社会动荡有着深刻的联系。在足球界取得巨大成功后,Vinek完全致力于他的警察生涯,先是为南斯拉夫国王Alexander KarařorÇević政权服务,后来又为Ante Pavelić的乌斯塔沙政权服务,最终导致了他的死亡。
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引用次数: 0
Franjo Tuđman and Demographic Revitalization/Sustainability of Croatia Franjo Tuđman和克罗地亚的人口振兴/可持续性
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22586/review.v17i1.13382
D. Živić
According to a number of relevant demographic and statistical indicators, Croatia is in a deep demographic crisis in all aspects of demographic dynamics and structural-demographic development. Total depopulation, natural decline, negative migration balance, demographic aging, and spatial polarization of the population – are fundamental long-term and current demographic trends and processes that, thanks to available data from census, vital and migration statistics can be monitored almost continuously from the middle of last century until today. The current demographic picture of Croatia is marked by natural and mechanical population losses, which means more deaths from birth and more emigration than immigration, with significantly disturbed relations between large (functional) age groups that threaten further collapse of bio reproductive potential and economic activity of the population. Croatian demographers warned of this circumstance during socialist Yugoslavia, especially after reaching independence in 1991. In their research, they were especially committed to the design and implementation of active and stimulating population policies, which had a certain impact in the formation of some decisions and documents of Croatian state policy during the 1990s. In this sense, it is scientifically relevant to valorize Dr. Tuđman’s attitude towards Croatian demographic issues, because demographic challenges have been and still are in significant discrepancy with socially desirable demographic pro-cesses and trends as key factors in the development and progress of the Croatian state and society, especially from 1991 and onwards. Therefore, in the context of Tuđman’s work as a politician (president of the Croatian Democratic Union from 1989 to 1999) and statesman (president of the Republic of Croatia from 1990 to 1999), but also as a scientist and public figure (director of the Institute for the History of the Labor Movement from 1961 to 1967) it is useful to investigate whether and to what extent there is a consistent attitude towards the demographic situation and problems of Croatia and, accordingly, whether we find the issue of Croatian demography at the center or on the margins of interest in his public work.
根据一些有关的人口和统计指标,克罗地亚在人口动态和结构-人口发展的所有方面都处于深刻的人口危机之中。人口总数减少、自然减少、负移徙平衡、人口老龄化和人口空间极化是基本的长期和当前的人口趋势和进程,由于人口普查的现有数据,可以从上世纪中叶到今天几乎不间断地监测人口动态和移徙统计数据。克罗地亚目前的人口状况的特点是人口自然和机械损失,这意味着更多的出生死亡和移民多于移民,大(功能)年龄组之间的关系受到严重干扰,威胁到人口的生物生殖潜力和经济活动的进一步崩溃。克罗地亚的人口统计学家在南斯拉夫社会主义时期警告过这种情况,特别是在1991年独立之后。在他们的研究中,他们特别致力于设计和执行积极和刺激的人口政策,这对1990年代克罗地亚国家政策的一些决定和文件的形成产生了一定的影响。从这个意义上说,确定Tuđman博士对克罗地亚人口问题的态度在科学上是有意义的,因为人口方面的挑战一直而且仍然与作为克罗地亚国家和社会发展和进步的关键因素的社会期望的人口进程和趋势有很大的差异,特别是从1991年以来。因此,在Tuđman作为政治家(1989年至1999年担任克罗地亚民主联盟主席)和政治家(1990年至1999年担任克罗地亚共和国总统)以及科学家和公众人物(1961年至1967年担任劳工运动史研究所所长)的工作背景下,调查是否以及在多大程度上对克罗地亚的人口状况和问题采取一致的态度是有用的,因此,在他的公共工作中,克罗地亚人口问题是我们感兴趣的中心还是边缘。
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引用次数: 0
Dr. Franjo Tuđman in School Textbooks Franjo博士Tuđman在学校教科书
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.22586/review.v17i1.15116
M. Artuković
This paper analyses the way in which Dr Franjo Tuđman is depicted in the textbooks used in Croatian schools. The author concludes that while some basic biographical data are provided, with respect to his contribution as a statesman some authors are prone to politicization and even self-censorship, the intention of which is to diminish his contribution to the history of the Croatian people. Most issues concerning internal and external policies require further research.
本文分析了克罗地亚学校使用的教科书中描述Franjo博士Tuđman的方式。发件人的结论是,虽然提供了一些基本的传记资料,但关于他作为政治家的贡献,有些作者倾向于政治化,甚至自我审查,其目的是贬低他对克罗地亚人民历史的贡献。大多数内外政策问题需要进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
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Review of Croatian History
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