The theoretical justification of natural rights examines the philosophical foundations and ethical principles that support the existence and applicability of these rights. People have some rights simply by being human, and neither groups nor governments may bestow them upon them, according to the idea of natural rights. It also provides a concise overview of the theories that support natural rights, including those that rely on moral intuition, human nature, and the Social Contract. The moral intuition approach maintains that natural rights are self-evident and universally accepted since they are based on our innate sense of right and wrong. It claims that certain inherent human rights are required for human flourishing and well-being. Based on the intrinsic qualities and needs of people, the human nature perspective defends natural rights. It argues that some rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and property, are derived from basic human attributes and abilities. According to the Social Contract theory, a hypothetical agreement among members of a community serves as the foundation for natural rights. It proposes that people voluntarily create a Social Contract to set up a governing body that upholds and defends their fundamental rights. These theoretical defenses offer frameworks for comprehending the nature, significance, and defense of natural rights. They emphasize on these rights’ intrinsic and universal nature, the value of human dignity, and the idea of inalienability. Individuals can live dignified lives by recognizing and upholding their natural rights.
{"title":"Theoretically Justification of Human Rights: A Case of Natural Rights Theory","authors":"Mudassar Hussain, Naeem Akhtar","doi":"10.59075/zjss.v2i1.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59075/zjss.v2i1.232","url":null,"abstract":"The theoretical justification of natural rights examines the philosophical foundations and ethical principles that support the existence and applicability of these rights. People have some rights simply by being human, and neither groups nor governments may bestow them upon them, according to the idea of natural rights. It also provides a concise overview of the theories that support natural rights, including those that rely on moral intuition, human nature, and the Social Contract. The moral intuition approach maintains that natural rights are self-evident and universally accepted since they are based on our innate sense of right and wrong. It claims that certain inherent human rights are required for human flourishing and well-being. Based on the intrinsic qualities and needs of people, the human nature perspective defends natural rights. It argues that some rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and property, are derived from basic human attributes and abilities. According to the Social Contract theory, a hypothetical agreement among members of a community serves as the foundation for natural rights. It proposes that people voluntarily create a Social Contract to set up a governing body that upholds and defends their fundamental rights. These theoretical defenses offer frameworks for comprehending the nature, significance, and defense of natural rights. They emphasize on these rights’ intrinsic and universal nature, the value of human dignity, and the idea of inalienability. Individuals can live dignified lives by recognizing and upholding their natural rights.","PeriodicalId":378779,"journal":{"name":"Zakariya Journal of Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130359148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this article is inspection of the development of the concept of separation of powers to highlight that the powers must not accumulate in one hand and they should be divided among the three main pillars of the state i.e., Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. If the powers accumulate and concentrate in one hand, then the chances of abuse or misuse of power increases which can be dangerous not only for the citizens but also for the integrity of the state. The major purpose of the principal of separation of powers is the betterment of mutual relation among the three branches so that the democracy remains intact and no institution should perform the functions of the other. This article provides in-depth critical analysis of doctrine of separation of powers. It critically inspects its application in America and compares it with other jurisdictions to provide a comparative study
{"title":"Declassifying Theory of Separation of Powers and its Inherent System of Checks and Balances: A Comparative Study","authors":"A. Abdullah","doi":"10.59075/zjss.v2i1.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59075/zjss.v2i1.231","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this article is inspection of the development of the concept of separation of powers to highlight that the powers must not accumulate in one hand and they should be divided among the three main pillars of the state i.e., Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. If the powers accumulate and concentrate in one hand, then the chances of abuse or misuse of power increases which can be dangerous not only for the citizens but also for the integrity of the state. The major purpose of the principal of separation of powers is the betterment of mutual relation among the three branches so that the democracy remains intact and no institution should perform the functions of the other. This article provides in-depth critical analysis of doctrine of separation of powers. It critically inspects its application in America and compares it with other jurisdictions to provide a comparative study","PeriodicalId":378779,"journal":{"name":"Zakariya Journal of Social Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132007890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study employed the Probit regression on the National Bureau of Statistics general households survey data to appraise the effect of financial literacy on financial inclusion in Niger State. The estimation result shows that financial literacy positively and statistically influences financial inclusion options (account ownership, bank access, and credit access) in Niger state. Similarly, education status, age, and gender are determinants of financial inclusion. The study concluded that financial literacy is necessary for achieving financial inclusion. To encourage financial inclusion among youth, the government should include financial education in secondary school and tertiary to teach skills and information on how to utilize and manage financial services and products. The central bank should also mandate the financial institutions to establish customer financial advisory units to educate their clients on managing and using financial products and services available to them to create wealth, thus improving living standards.
{"title":"Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion","authors":"R. Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.59075/zjss.v2i1.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59075/zjss.v2i1.227","url":null,"abstract":"The study employed the Probit regression on the National Bureau of Statistics general households survey data to appraise the effect of financial literacy on financial inclusion in Niger State. The estimation result shows that financial literacy positively and statistically influences financial inclusion options (account ownership, bank access, and credit access) in Niger state. Similarly, education status, age, and gender are determinants of financial inclusion. The study concluded that financial literacy is necessary for achieving financial inclusion. To encourage financial inclusion among youth, the government should include financial education in secondary school and tertiary to teach skills and information on how to utilize and manage financial services and products. The central bank should also mandate the financial institutions to establish customer financial advisory units to educate their clients on managing and using financial products and services available to them to create wealth, thus improving living standards.","PeriodicalId":378779,"journal":{"name":"Zakariya Journal of Social Science","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117000926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study uses Judith Butler's concept of "gender performativity" to examine Mulk Raj Anand's "Untouchable" and Arundhati Roy's "The God of Small Things" in order to draw conclusions about the inter-caste gender performativity in Indian Hindu culture. Some autobiographical writings preserved evidence of voluntary and 'non-theatrical inter-caste connection' which transcends the boundary of untouchability, despite the dogmatic and historic hostility against inter-caste relationships in Indian Hindu society. In a consenting intercaste relationship, women, as the subaltern gender, never know for sure what caste they belong to. They are generally discovered to be branded off the caste of the males who touched them, rather than naturally belonging to any caste of them. Women in non-consensual inter-caste relationships are kept quiet by the strong touch of males from higher castes, yet this does not affect their social status. It's a double standard, and the higher classes control both settings. The non-dramatic setting challenges the elite rhetoric of 'impurity' and the concept that inter-caste contact would result in retribution in the next world. This connection demonstrates that the theatrical concept is nothing more than a bourgeois-political tool used by the ruling class to subjugate the lower classes. This study is qualitative in nature and was conducted using a closed-textual-reading approach. The impact of inter-caste gender performativity on both authors is discussed, and the gender performativity of Hindu castes is examined in four settings (theatrical, non-theatrical, public, and private). The study demonstrates that each author is impacted in their own unique way by gender performativity as imposed by society, and that gender performativity is conditional within the Indian Hindu castes, both onstage and off.
{"title":"Inter-Caste Gender Performativity in Indian Hindu Culture: A Postcolonial Gender Study in Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable and Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things","authors":"Tasnim Jarin, Aftab Ur, Rahaman Zahin","doi":"10.59075/zjss.v2i1.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59075/zjss.v2i1.228","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses Judith Butler's concept of \"gender performativity\" to examine Mulk Raj Anand's \"Untouchable\" and Arundhati Roy's \"The God of Small Things\" in order to draw conclusions about the inter-caste gender performativity in Indian Hindu culture. Some autobiographical writings preserved evidence of voluntary and 'non-theatrical inter-caste connection' which transcends the boundary of untouchability, despite the dogmatic and historic hostility against inter-caste relationships in Indian Hindu society. In a consenting intercaste relationship, women, as the subaltern gender, never know for sure what caste they belong to. They are generally discovered to be branded off the caste of the males who touched them, rather than naturally belonging to any caste of them. Women in non-consensual inter-caste relationships are kept quiet by the strong touch of males from higher castes, yet this does not affect their social status. It's a double standard, and the higher classes control both settings. The non-dramatic setting challenges the elite rhetoric of 'impurity' and the concept that inter-caste contact would result in retribution in the next world. This connection demonstrates that the theatrical concept is nothing more than a bourgeois-political tool used by the ruling class to subjugate the lower classes. This study is qualitative in nature and was conducted using a closed-textual-reading approach. The impact of inter-caste gender performativity on both authors is discussed, and the gender performativity of Hindu castes is examined in four settings (theatrical, non-theatrical, public, and private). The study demonstrates that each author is impacted in their own unique way by gender performativity as imposed by society, and that gender performativity is conditional within the Indian Hindu castes, both onstage and off.","PeriodicalId":378779,"journal":{"name":"Zakariya Journal of Social Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131541875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The academic and non-academic personnel are the primary stakeholders in the achievement of success in educational institutions. The level of attention given to non-academic staff in Sri Lankan government schools is relatively low, resulting in a reduced emphasis on their satisfaction. The significance of having a content and dedicated non-academic staff cannot be overstated, as it greatly impacts the overall administration and academic performance of educational institutions. The aim of this study is to ascertain the impact of demographic variables and job satisfaction on non-academic personnel in government schools located in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. The research was carried out through a survey methodology utilizing a self-administered questionnaire. This study utilized a convenience sample consisting of 370 non-academic staff members from 40 government schools located in the Colombo district. The mean value for job satisfaction, as measured on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, is 2.3763, with a corresponding standard deviation of 0.3226. The school administration should prioritize their attention towards promotion and communication, as these areas have been reported to have the lowest level of satisfaction among stakeholders. The work's nature, as indicated by a mean score of 4.2081, is associated with the highest level of job satisfaction among non-academic staff in schools. This finding suggests that these staff members generally hold positive attitudes towards their work tasks. A notable dissimilarity exists between the degree of contentment expressed by male and female non-academic personnel regarding their satisfaction with the nature of their work. The data indicates that male non-academic staff members exhibit a higher level of dissatisfaction with their pay (mean=2.0803; standard deviation=0.1917) in comparison to their female counterparts (mean=3.1875; standard deviation=0.1922). In a similar vein, it can be observed that male personnel exhibit a higher level of discontentment with regards to their supervision, as evidenced by a mean score of 2.3289 and a standard deviation of 0.4357. The data indicates that there is a negative correlation between overall job satisfaction and certain demographic factors, specifically gender (-0.056), marital status (-0.014), level of education (- 0.072), and service category (-0.532).
{"title":"The Impact of Demographic Factors and Job Satisfaction among Non-academic Staff of Government Schools in Colombo District, Sri Lanka","authors":"Nilmini","doi":"10.59075/zjss.v2i1.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59075/zjss.v2i1.229","url":null,"abstract":"The academic and non-academic personnel are the primary stakeholders in the achievement of success in educational institutions. The level of attention given to non-academic staff in Sri Lankan government schools is relatively low, resulting in a reduced emphasis on their satisfaction. The significance of having a content and dedicated non-academic staff cannot be overstated, as it greatly impacts the overall administration and academic performance of educational institutions. The aim of this study is to ascertain the impact of demographic variables and job satisfaction on non-academic personnel in government schools located in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. The research was carried out through a survey methodology utilizing a self-administered questionnaire. This study utilized a convenience sample consisting of 370 non-academic staff members from 40 government schools located in the Colombo district. The mean value for job satisfaction, as measured on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, is 2.3763, with a corresponding standard deviation of 0.3226. The school administration should prioritize their attention towards promotion and communication, as these areas have been reported to have the lowest level of satisfaction among stakeholders. The work's nature, as indicated by a mean score of 4.2081, is associated with the highest level of job satisfaction among non-academic staff in schools. This finding suggests that these staff members generally hold positive attitudes towards their work tasks. A notable dissimilarity exists between the degree of contentment expressed by male and female non-academic personnel regarding their satisfaction with the nature of their work. The data indicates that male non-academic staff members exhibit a higher level of dissatisfaction with their pay (mean=2.0803; standard deviation=0.1917) in comparison to their female counterparts (mean=3.1875; standard deviation=0.1922). In a similar vein, it can be observed that male personnel exhibit a higher level of discontentment with regards to their supervision, as evidenced by a mean score of 2.3289 and a standard deviation of 0.4357. The data indicates that there is a negative correlation between overall job satisfaction and certain demographic factors, specifically gender (-0.056), marital status (-0.014), level of education (- 0.072), and service category (-0.532).","PeriodicalId":378779,"journal":{"name":"Zakariya Journal of Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115919688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social media has made a significant role in the life of every human but the most affected and vulnerable to it is youth. As most of the time of youth has been taken up by the internet as they seem to be glued to the internet. No one can suggest time limit to them as internet is more common usage among youth. The value of anything can be considered by the purposes it serves. Social media has a vital role in the society but its negative impact on the youth cannot be denied. Excessive use of internet leads to psychological disorders among them which further affect their physical development, sexuality and identity. The use of internet and social media has isolated youth and had great impact on their nerves and brought a drastic change in the lifestyle of youth both positive and negative. In this paper we will be discussing the negative physiological impact of social media on youth. Spending more than half of the day on the social media is surely causing effect on them. Global Web Index published a report in 2018 stated that average youth spends average three hours on social media each day, according to them spending more than three hours per day leads to high risk of psychological problems.
{"title":"Negative Psychological Impact of Social Media on Youth","authors":"Eaman Alavi","doi":"10.59075/zjss.v1i2.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59075/zjss.v1i2.104","url":null,"abstract":"Social media has made a significant role in the life of every human but the most affected and vulnerable to it is youth. As most of the time of youth has been taken up by the internet as they seem to be glued to the internet. No one can suggest time limit to them as internet is more common usage among youth. The value of anything can be considered by the purposes it serves. Social media has a vital role in the society but its negative impact on the youth cannot be denied. Excessive use of internet leads to psychological disorders among them which further affect their physical development, sexuality and identity. The use of internet and social media has isolated youth and had great impact on their nerves and brought a drastic change in the lifestyle of youth both positive and negative. In this paper we will be discussing the negative physiological impact of social media on youth. Spending more than half of the day on the social media is surely causing effect on them. Global Web Index published a report in 2018 stated that average youth spends average three hours on social media each day, according to them spending more than three hours per day leads to high risk of psychological problems.","PeriodicalId":378779,"journal":{"name":"Zakariya Journal of Social Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128745745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article describes the basic doctrine of separation of power to highlight how this doctrine has evolved. Then, this article inspects whether this doctrine is practically viable or an elusive dream. To this end, this research article utilised qualitative research methodology and focuses on the nature and effectiveness of the doctrine of separation of power. The article investigates whether the separation of power is a pure or genuine concept to pinpoint its complex nature. Then, this article critically analyses the less purity in Montesquieu’s concept of separation of power. In the end, this article scrutinizes and finds the pure concept of separation of power.
{"title":"Separation of Power: An Elusive Dream","authors":"Ahmad Shahjahan Naeem","doi":"10.59075/zjss.v1i2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59075/zjss.v1i2.105","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the basic doctrine of separation of power to highlight how this doctrine has evolved. Then, this article inspects whether this doctrine is practically viable or an elusive dream. To this end, this research article utilised qualitative research methodology and focuses on the nature and effectiveness of the doctrine of separation of power. The article investigates whether the separation of power is a pure or genuine concept to pinpoint its complex nature. Then, this article critically analyses the less purity in Montesquieu’s concept of separation of power. In the end, this article scrutinizes and finds the pure concept of separation of power.","PeriodicalId":378779,"journal":{"name":"Zakariya Journal of Social Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133156031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ladokun, I. O, Sola M, Oyeniyi, K. O, Obi, James Nwoye
The study examines the mediating effects of self-efficacy (SE) and the need for achievement (NFA) on the relationship between locus of control (LC) and entrepreneurial intention (EI) among Nigerian graduates. A survey technique was used to select young graduates from Nigerian Tertiary Institutions that are on the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) in Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 300 copies of the structured questionnaire were administered to the respondents in the Ibadan metropolis but only 252 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved for the analysis. Data analysis was performed with the aid of Path Analysis. The results reveal that LC has a positive and significant association with SE, NFA and EI. Evidence also indicates that SE partially mediates between LC and EI. It was also found that the NFA partially mediates between LC and EI. For this reason, experiential learning should be integrated into short and long terms entrepreneurship training. This allows students to further develop their self-efficacy as entrepreneurs and motivation to perform by successfully entering the world of business. This will go a long way in reducing the dire unemployment rate in the country and promote imaginative and positive 2030 aspirations for sustainable development.
{"title":"Locus Control and Entrepreneurial Intention among Nigerian Graduates: Mediation Analysis of Self-Efficacy and Need for Achievement","authors":"Ladokun, I. O, Sola M, Oyeniyi, K. O, Obi, James Nwoye","doi":"10.59075/zjss.v1i2.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59075/zjss.v1i2.126","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the mediating effects of self-efficacy (SE) and the need for achievement (NFA) on the relationship between locus of control (LC) and entrepreneurial intention (EI) among Nigerian graduates. A survey technique was used to select young graduates from Nigerian Tertiary Institutions that are on the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) in Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 300 copies of the structured questionnaire were administered to the respondents in the Ibadan metropolis but only 252 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved for the analysis. Data analysis was performed with the aid of Path Analysis. The results reveal that LC has a positive and significant association with SE, NFA and EI. Evidence also indicates that SE partially mediates between LC and EI. It was also found that the NFA partially mediates between LC and EI. For this reason, experiential learning should be integrated into short and long terms entrepreneurship training. This allows students to further develop their self-efficacy as entrepreneurs and motivation to perform by successfully entering the world of business. This will go a long way in reducing the dire unemployment rate in the country and promote imaginative and positive 2030 aspirations for sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":378779,"journal":{"name":"Zakariya Journal of Social Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126132720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Legitimacy is a public belief about the authority or government is just fair and valid accordance with established rules & regulations. It has popular support to implement its binding decisions. This paper explains the legality of democratic regimes in Pakistan and explains how they come into power, why they lose public trust, and cannot complete their tenure. There are three primary factors behind the legitimacy crises of the government in Pakistan; economic & political instability, rift with state’s institutions and weak government performance. Further, Foreign conspiracy, religious sentiments, corruption, unemployment also play a significant role in it. This paper has critically analyzed those factors which are leading to the legitimacy crises of the Pakistan Tahreek Insaf (PTI) government. An analytical approach has been used in the present study.
{"title":"Legitimacy Crises in Pakistan; A Study of Imran Khan Regime","authors":"Javed Ali","doi":"10.59075/zjss.v1i2.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59075/zjss.v1i2.106","url":null,"abstract":"Legitimacy is a public belief about the authority or government is just fair and valid accordance with established rules & regulations. It has popular support to implement its binding decisions. This paper explains the legality of democratic regimes in Pakistan and explains how they come into power, why they lose public trust, and cannot complete their tenure. There are three primary factors behind the legitimacy crises of the government in Pakistan; economic & political instability, rift with state’s institutions and weak government performance. Further, Foreign conspiracy, religious sentiments, corruption, unemployment also play a significant role in it. This paper has critically analyzed those factors which are leading to the legitimacy crises of the Pakistan Tahreek Insaf (PTI) government. An analytical approach has been used in the present study.","PeriodicalId":378779,"journal":{"name":"Zakariya Journal of Social Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126851324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electronic voting is often seen as a tool for making the electoral process more efficient and for increasing trust in its management. However, the challenges are considerable. If not carefully planned and designed, e-voting may undermine the confidence in the whole electoral process. To this effect, the study, beyond the hype on electronic voting identifies the factors that necessitated the adoption of electronic voting in Nigeria. It also examines the effectiveness of electronic voting and its true impact on electoral transparency and credibility in the Nigeria electoral system. Furthermore, the study assesses the strengths and weaknesses of electronic voting in the electoral process with reference to the 2018 local government election in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Anchored on determinism theory, the study adopts descriptive research design and uses primary and secondary data sources. The primary data was sourced through an in-depth interview while, secondary data was sourced through internet and archive materials. Findings reveal that e-voting is fast, accurate, stress-free, and easy to use; nevertheless, it is highly prone to technical manipulations and human-induced errors. The study recommends that e-voting system should be adopted in Nigeria in order to foster electoral outcomes that are free, fair and credible as, this will in turn culminate into increased political participation and foster democratic growth in Nigeria. The study concludes that, there was a relative significant and positive influence of e-voting on electoral credibility all through the conduct of the 2018 Local Government elections in Kaduna State as, the party in government did not win in all the local government areas as was the norm in the previous elections where manual paper ballot system was used.
{"title":"Electronic Voting and Electoral System in Nigeria: An Assessment of the 2018 Local Government Elections in Kaduna State, Nigeria","authors":"Ebirim Samuel Iheanacho, Irabor Peter Odion","doi":"10.59075/zjss.v1i2.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59075/zjss.v1i2.103","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic voting is often seen as a tool for making the electoral process more efficient and for increasing trust in its management. However, the challenges are considerable. If not carefully planned and designed, e-voting may undermine the confidence in the whole electoral process. To this effect, the study, beyond the hype on electronic voting identifies the factors that necessitated the adoption of electronic voting in Nigeria. It also examines the effectiveness of electronic voting and its true impact on electoral transparency and credibility in the Nigeria electoral system. Furthermore, the study assesses the strengths and weaknesses of electronic voting in the electoral process with reference to the 2018 local government election in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Anchored on determinism theory, the study adopts descriptive research design and uses primary and secondary data sources. The primary data was sourced through an in-depth interview while, secondary data was sourced through internet and archive materials. Findings reveal that e-voting is fast, accurate, stress-free, and easy to use; nevertheless, it is highly prone to technical manipulations and human-induced errors. The study recommends that e-voting system should be adopted in Nigeria in order to foster electoral outcomes that are free, fair and credible as, this will in turn culminate into increased political participation and foster democratic growth in Nigeria. The study concludes that, there was a relative significant and positive influence of e-voting on electoral credibility all through the conduct of the 2018 Local Government elections in Kaduna State as, the party in government did not win in all the local government areas as was the norm in the previous elections where manual paper ballot system was used.","PeriodicalId":378779,"journal":{"name":"Zakariya Journal of Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131309630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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