IFAC-PapersOnLine最新文献

英文中文

Hierarchical Model Predictive Control for Modular Multilevel Converters: A Linear Parameter Varying Approach 模块化多电平转换器的分层模型预测控制：线性参数变化方法

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.158

Shrinidhi Gomathi Sankar , Victor Daniel Reyes Dreke , Mircea Lazar

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are novel voltage source converters (VSCs) with the capacity to achieve higher efficiency and lower total harmonics distortion, but more challenging to control. MMCs can be modelled using a hierarchical structure comprising a model predictive controller (MPC) that controls the current in the top layer and sends signals to capacitor voltage modules in the lower layer (which can run in open-loop or closed-loop with a simple local controller). Typically, the prediction model used in the MPC current controller does not take into account the capacitor voltage dynamics in the bottom layer, which reduces the efficiency of the hierarchical control scheme and MMC circuit. Therefore, in this paper, we develop an extended prediction model for current control that includes the capacitor voltage dynamics for the modules in the bottom layer. This results in a nonlinear MPC control problem of higher complexity but with improved performance. To reduce the complexity of the nonlinear MPC problem for MMCs, we make use of a linear parameter varying embedding of the nonlinear prediction model, which allows solving a sequence of quadratic programs online instead of a nonlinear program. The proposed control scheme shows better performance while decreasing the computation load. Furthermore, compared to classical hierarchical control schemes, the proposed scheme reduces the capacitor voltage ripple by 20%.

模块化多电平转换器（MMC）是一种新型电压源转换器（VSC），具有更高的效率和更低的总谐波失真，但控制起来更具挑战性。MMC 可采用分层结构建模，包括一个模型预测控制器 (MPC)，该控制器可控制顶层的电流，并向下层的电容器电压模块发送信号（可通过一个简单的本地控制器开环或闭环运行）。通常情况下，MPC 电流控制器中使用的预测模型不会考虑底层电容器电压的动态变化，这就降低了分层控制方案和 MMC 电路的效率。因此，在本文中，我们开发了一种用于电流控制的扩展预测模型，其中包括底层模块的电容器电压动态。这就产生了一个非线性 MPC 控制问题，其复杂度更高，但性能更好。为了降低 MMC 非线性 MPC 问题的复杂性，我们利用了非线性预测模型的线性参数变化嵌入，从而可以在线求解一系列二次方程程序，而不是非线性程序。所提出的控制方案在降低计算负荷的同时，显示出更好的性能。此外，与经典的分层控制方案相比，所提出的方案可将电容器电压纹波降低 20%。

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引用次数: 0

Generalized Functions in the Study of Signals and Systems 信号与系统研究中的广义函数

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.199

Erik I. Verriest , Gunther Dirr , W. Steven Gray

We collect three instances where the theory of generalized functions may still make contributions to the study of signals and systems. In the first, a purely algebraic approach is presented for LTI-ODE's, in terms of two operators, D and T, respectively the differentiation operator and the multiplication-by-the-independent-variable operator. This formalism adds simplicity, a duality theory, and nicely generalizes to other classes of operator equations and their solutions. In the second part we extend the classical bilateral Laplace transform to include Bohl functions with support in ℝ by invoking Sato's hyperfunctions. Finally, in the third case we use the Colombeau algebra to allow for products of generalized functions. This is important in the study of (smooth) nonlinear systems driven by impulsive inputs, and hybrid system theory.

我们收集了广义函数理论仍可为信号和系统研究做出贡献的三个实例。第一个实例是针对 LTI-ODE 的纯代数方法，以两个算子 D 和 T（分别是微分算子和自变量乘法算子）表示。这种形式主义增加了简洁性和对偶性理论，并能很好地推广到其他类别的算子方程及其解。在第二部分中，我们通过引用佐藤超函数，扩展了经典的双边拉普拉斯变换，以包括在ℝ中有支持的玻尔函数。最后，在第三种情况下，我们使用科隆博代数来实现广义函数的乘积。这对于研究由脉冲输入驱动的（平滑）非线性系统和混合系统理论非常重要。

引用次数: 0

Stability Analysis of Feedback Systems with ReLU Nonlinearities via Semialgebraic Set Representation 通过半代数集合表示法分析具有 ReLU 非线性的反馈系统的稳定性

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.160

Tsuyoshi Yuno , Shingo Nishinaka , Rin Saeki , Yoshio Ebihara , Victor Magron , Dimitri Peaucelle , Samuele Zoboli , Sophie Tarbouriech

This paper is concerned with the stability/instability analysis problem of feedback systems with rectified linear unit (ReLU) nonlinearities. Such feedback systems arise when we model dynamical (recurrent) neural networks (NNs) and NN-driven control systems where all the activation functions of NNs are ReLUs. In this study, we focus on the semialgebraic set representation characterizing the input-output properties of ReLUs. This allows us to employ a novel copositive multiplier in the framework of the integral quadratic constraint and, thus, to derive a new linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition for the stability analysis of the feedback systems. However, the infeasibility of this LMI does not allow us to obtain any conclusion on the system's stability due to its conservativeness. This motivates us to consider its dual LMI. By investigating the structure of the dual solution, we derive a rank condition on the dual variable certificating that the system at hand is unstable. In addition, we construct a hierarchy of dual LMIs allowing for improved instability detection. We illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by several numerical examples.

本文关注具有整流线性单元（ReLU）非线性的反馈系统的稳定性/不稳定性分析问题。当我们对动态（递归）神经网络（NN）和 NN 驱动控制系统建模时，就会出现这种反馈系统，其中 NN 的所有激活函数都是 ReLU。在本研究中，我们将重点放在表征 ReLUs 输入输出特性的半代数集合表示法上。这使我们能够在积分二次约束的框架内使用一种新的共正乘法器，从而为反馈系统的稳定性分析推导出一种新的线性矩阵不等式（LMI）条件。然而，由于线性矩阵不等式的保守性，我们无法得出系统稳定性的结论。这促使我们考虑其对偶 LMI。通过研究对偶解的结构，我们得出了对偶变量的秩条件，证明当前系统是不稳定的。此外，我们还构建了对偶 LMI 的层次结构，从而改进了不稳定性检测。我们通过几个数值示例来说明所提方法的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

State reconstruction for stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown local nonlinearities via output injection 通过输出注入重建具有未知局部非线性的随机非线性系统的状态

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.222

Neha Aswal , Adrien Mélot , Laurent Mevel , Qinghua Zhang

This paper addresses state estimation for dynamical systems involving localized unknown nonlinearities. Direct application of linear state estimation techniques, e.g., the Kalman filter, would yield erroneous state estimates. Existing approaches in the literature either assume or estimate the nonlinearities. Alternatively, the present paper proposes to reject the unknown nonlinearities as if they were unknown disturbances. By applying an existing disturbance rejection technique, the need to know or to estimate the nonlinearities is avoided. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulations on a nonlinear mechanical system.

本文探讨了涉及局部未知非线性的动力系统的状态估计问题。直接应用线性状态估计技术（如卡尔曼滤波器）会产生错误的状态估计。文献中的现有方法要么假设非线性，要么估计非线性。作为替代方案，本文建议将未知非线性因素视作未知干扰进行剔除。通过应用现有的干扰剔除技术，可以避免了解或估计非线性的需要。本文通过对一个非线性机械系统进行数值模拟，证明了所提方法的效率。

引用次数: 0

Stability on the Robust Dissipative Coding in Quantum System for Thermal Noise 热噪声下量子系统中鲁棒性耗散编码的稳定性

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.207

Tanathorn Supithak , Koji Tsumura

In this paper, we deal with the stability of the improved quantum coding method based on Markovian dissipative dynamics that is robust against thermal noise. This coding method was proposed by Nishino et al. and the suppression of the effect of thermal noise was demonstrated by numerical simulations, however the mathematical proof was not given. In this paper, we analyze the impact of the thermal noise in this method and mathematically prove that the quantum states converge to a neighborhood around the target code words. The bound of the neighborhood set is also given strictly. We also demonstrate numerical simulations, which confirm the theoretical results.

在本文中，我们讨论了基于马尔可夫耗散动力学的改进量子编码方法的稳定性，这种方法对热噪声具有鲁棒性。这种编码方法是由 Nishino 等人提出的，并通过数值模拟证明了热噪声的抑制作用，但没有给出数学证明。在本文中，我们分析了热噪声对这种方法的影响，并从数学上证明了量子态会收敛到目标码字周围的邻域。我们还严格给出了邻域集的边界。我们还演示了数值模拟，证实了理论结果。

引用次数: 0

State space representations of the Roesser type for convolutional layers 卷积层的罗塞型状态空间表示法

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.193

Patricia Pauli , Dennis Gramlich , Frank Allgöwer

From the perspective of control theory, convolutional layers (of neural networks) are 2-D (or N-D) linear time-invariant dynamical systems. The usual representation of convolutional layers by the convolution kernel corresponds to the representation of a dynamical system by its impulse response. However, many analysis tools from control theory, e.g., involving linear matrix inequalities, require a state space representation. For this reason, we explicitly provide a state space representation of the Roesser type for 2-D convolutional layers with c_inr₁ + c_outr₂ states, where c_in/c_out is the number of input/output channels of the layer and r₁/r₂ characterizes the width/length of the convolution kernel. This representation is shown to be minimal for c_in = c_out. We further construct state space representations for dilated, strided, and N-D convolutions.

从控制理论的角度来看，（神经网络的）卷积层是二维（或 N-D）线性时变动态系统。卷积层通常用卷积核来表示，相当于用脉冲响应来表示动态系统。然而，控制理论中的许多分析工具，例如涉及线性矩阵不等式的分析工具，都需要状态空间表示。因此，我们明确地为具有 cinr1 + coutr2 状态的二维卷积层提供了一种 Roesser 类型的状态空间表示法，其中 cin/cout 是卷积层的输入/输出通道数，r1/r2 表示卷积核的宽度/长度。在 cin = cout 的情况下，这种表示法是最小的。我们还进一步构建了扩张卷积、分层卷积和 N-D 卷积的状态空间表示法。

引用次数: 0

Linear Dynamical Systems over Finite Rings 有限环上的线性动力系统

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.198

Yannic Rohde , Eva Zerz

We present the theory of linear systems over various kinds of finite commutative rings. Since these systems are finite, the trajectories have to run into repeating cycles eventually. This periodic behavior is the main interest of this topic. Using an approach similar to Fitting's lemma, a bijective-nilpotent decomposition of the system can be achieved, which in some cases even gives a decomposition of the system matrix. In particular, this allows us, to apply results about invertible system matrices, where all trajectories are purely periodic, to the more general setting. Finally, the algorithmic potential of the theory is discussed.

我们介绍了各种有限交换环上的线性系统理论。由于这些系统都是有限的，其轨迹最终都会进入重复周期。这种周期行为是本课题的主要兴趣所在。利用类似于菲廷 Lemma 的方法，可以得到系统的双射-无势分解，在某些情况下甚至可以得到系统矩阵的分解。特别是，这使我们能够将所有轨迹都是纯周期性的可逆系统矩阵的结果应用到更一般的环境中。最后，我们将讨论该理论在算法方面的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Moment Closure for a Birth-Death Model of Antimicrobial Heteroresistance 抗菌药耐药性 "出生-死亡 "模型的时刻闭合

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.018

Nerea Martínez-López , Carlos Vilas , Adrián Pedreira , Míriam R. García

Developing predictive Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) models supporting optimal treatment design to combat ”superbugs” poses a significant challenge for mathematical biology. Birth-Death (BD) processes constitute an intuitive and flexible approach for modelling biological systems’ stochastic dynamics that is regaining attention due to the advances in computational techniques. This work presents a multivariate BD model of antimicrobial heteroresistance, a phenotype in which a bacterial isolate contains many subpopulations with heterogeneous antimicrobial responses. The model includes Lotka-Volterra competition between subpopulations, leading to an infinite coupled system of equations for the moment dynamics of the BD process. Then, a moment closure is proposed by assuming a log-normal distribution for a univariate BD process approximating the total population behaviour. The results are compared with stochastic simulations of the multivariate BD process during a typical time-kill assay.

开发预测性抗菌药耐药性（AMR）模型，支持对抗 "超级细菌 "的最佳治疗设计，是数学生物学面临的一项重大挑战。生-死（BD）过程是模拟生物系统随机动态的一种直观而灵活的方法，由于计算技术的进步，这种方法正重新受到人们的关注。本研究提出了一种抗菌异质性的多变量 BD 模型，在这种表型中，细菌分离物包含许多具有异质性抗菌反应的亚群。该模型包括亚群之间的 Lotka-Volterra 竞争，从而产生了一个无限耦合的 BD 过程矩动力学方程组。然后，通过假设近似总种群行为的单变量 BD 过程的对数正态分布，提出了矩封闭方法。研究结果与典型的时间致死试验中多元 BD 过程的随机模拟结果进行了比较。

引用次数: 0

DBTL bioengineering cycle for part characterization and refactoring 用于部件特征描述和重构的 DBTL 生物工程周期

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.002

A. Arboleda-Garcia , M. Stiebritz , Y. Boada , J. Picó , A. Vignoni

The Design-Build-Test-Learn (DBTL) cycle is a crucial framework in Synthetic Biology for the development and optimization of biological systems. However, the manual nature of the cycle poses limitations in terms of time and labor. This paper focuses on the application of automation techniques to the DBTL cycle, specifically in the testing and characterization of standard bioparts, which are essential components of genetic circuits. By automating the testing process, throughput, reliability, and reproducibility can be significantly improved. This paper discusses the challenges associated with manual testing methods and explores various automation strategies and technologies that can address these challenges. High-throughput screening methods, laboratory robotics, and data analysis algorithms are key elements in the automation process. As a case study, we utilize the automated DBTL cycle to refactor a biosensor, aiming to enhance its performance. Integrating automation in the DBTL cycle offers numerous advantages, including increased efficiency, standardization, and quality control of bioparts. It also enables the exploration of larger design spaces and rapid prototyping of complex genetic systems. Here, we show the advantages of using the DBTL cycle to refactor a biosensor that presents improved performance and can be readily used in more complex circuits.

设计-构建-测试-学习（DBTL）循环是合成生物学中开发和优化生物系统的重要框架。然而，该周期的人工性质在时间和人力方面造成了限制。本文重点介绍自动化技术在 DBTL 循环中的应用，特别是在标准生物部件的测试和表征中的应用，标准生物部件是基因电路的重要组成部分。通过测试过程自动化，可以显著提高吞吐量、可靠性和可重复性。本文讨论了与人工测试方法相关的挑战，并探讨了可应对这些挑战的各种自动化策略和技术。高通量筛选方法、实验室机器人技术和数据分析算法是自动化流程的关键要素。作为一个案例研究，我们利用自动化 DBTL 循环重构一个生物传感器，旨在提高其性能。将自动化整合到 DBTL 循环中具有诸多优势，包括提高生物部件的效率、标准化和质量控制。它还能探索更大的设计空间，并快速制作复杂基因系统的原型。在这里，我们展示了使用 DBTL 循环重构生物传感器的优势，该传感器的性能得到了提高，并可随时用于更复杂的电路中。

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引用次数: 0

Gamification in control engineering: An ongoing initiative at the University of Almería* 控制工程中的游戏化：阿尔梅里亚大学正在开展的一项活动*

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.275

Juan D. Gil , José González-Hernández , Fernando Cañadas-Aránega , Igor M.L. Pataro , Ángeles Hoyo , Pablo Otálora , Francisco Rodríguez , J.L. Guzmán , Manuel Berenguel

Gamification refers to the utilization of gaming methods and tactics in non-traditional areas, like education. In this work, we describe different gamification-based methods for teaching automatic control in engineering studies as an alternative or support to the traditional teaching system. The experiences are being developed within the framework of a teaching innovation project developed at the University of Almería (Spain). The main objective of this project is to analyze the academic feasibility and acceptance of the use of gamified experiences by both professors and students. Specifically, the paper gives an overview of three different types of games. The first is a solitaire-style card game focused on the reinforcement of the theoretical concepts related to open-loop dynamic system analysis and the design of closed-loop control systems. The second is a virtual challenge of tuning Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controllers. The goal of this game is for students to understand the impacts of proportional, integral, and derivative actions when these controllers operate in closed-loop mode. The third is an escape room with the primary objective of improving students’ comprehension of basic control principles covered in the initial introductory course in engineering studies.

游戏化是指在教育等非传统领域利用游戏方法和策略。在这项工作中，我们介绍了不同的游戏化方法，用于工程学自动控制教学，作为传统教学系统的替代或支持。这些经验是在阿尔梅里亚大学（西班牙）的一个教学创新项目框架内开发的。该项目的主要目标是分析游戏化体验在学术上的可行性，以及教授和学生对游戏化体验的接受程度。具体而言，本文概述了三种不同类型的游戏。第一种是接龙式纸牌游戏，重点是强化与开环动态系统分析和闭环控制系统设计相关的理论概念。第二个游戏是调整比例、积分和微分（PID）控制器的虚拟挑战。这个游戏的目的是让学生了解当这些控制器在闭环模式下运行时，比例、积分和导数操作所产生的影响。第三个游戏是逃生室，主要目的是提高学生对工程学入门课程中涉及的基本控制原理的理解。

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