IFAC-PapersOnLine最新文献

英文中文

Sun-tracking and Attitude Control of Micro Satellites with Rotating Flexible Solar Array 旋转柔性太阳帆板微卫星的太阳跟踪与姿态控制

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.186

Mingxiang Li , Zhongwei Liu

This paper investigates the sun-tracking orientation control problem for micro-satellite with flexible solar arrays and solar array drive assembly (SADA). A control algorithm based on the dual-loop controller and sun-tracking orientation control is proposed. Initially, the SADA actuator operates in angle rate control mode, where the increment of the angle rate command is constrained via a limiter function to reduce the excitation of vibrations in the flexible solar arrays. Subsequently, a feedforward control system based on the SADA control torque is implemented to reduce the impact on the satellite attitude control. Simulation results and on-orbit flight telemetry data have validated that this strategy effectively diminishes the influence of SADA sun-tracking control on the flexible solar arrays, and the attitude stabilization control of the satellite can meet the requirements for establishing an inter-satellite laser communication link.

研究了柔性太阳帆板和太阳能帆板驱动组件（SADA）微卫星的太阳跟踪方向控制问题。提出了一种基于双环控制器和太阳跟踪方向控制的控制算法。最初，SADA执行器在角速率控制模式下工作，其中角速率命令的增量通过限制器函数进行约束，以减少柔性太阳能电池阵列中振动的激发。为了减小对卫星姿态控制的影响，采用了基于SADA控制转矩的前馈控制系统。仿真结果和在轨飞行遥测数据验证了该策略有效地减小了SADA太阳跟踪控制对柔性太阳能帆板的影响，卫星姿态稳定控制能够满足建立星间激光通信链路的要求。

引用次数: 0

A Lyapunov-Based Approach to Boolean Networks Under One-Bit Function Perturbation⁎ 基于lyapunov的一元函数摄动布尔网络方法[j]

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.586

Aixin Liu , Haitao Li , Lin Wang

In Boolean networks (BNs), robustness typically refers to the system’s ability to tolerate perturbations in either the state or the rule-based structure, both of which can significantly affect network dynamics. For function perturbation of rule-based structure, most existing studies have focused on analyzing the characteristics of the perturbations or investigating the resulting dynamics through simulations. However, few works have employed external analytical tools, such as Lyapunov-based methods, to evaluate the stability of the perturbed BNs. This paper introduces a Lyapunov-based framework for analysing the robust stability of BNs under one-bit function perturbations. We establish a theoretical result showing that if a perturbed BN admits an adaptively adjustable Lyapunov function to some extent, then it is guaranteed to achieve global finite-time stability at the original equilibrium state. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the theoretical results.

在布尔网络（BNs）中，鲁棒性通常是指系统在状态或基于规则的结构中容忍扰动的能力，这两种扰动都会显著影响网络的动态。对于基于规则的结构的函数摄动，现有的研究大多集中在分析摄动的特征或通过仿真研究其产生的动力学。然而，很少有研究使用外部分析工具，如基于lyapunov的方法来评估扰动bn的稳定性。本文介绍了一种基于lyapunov的框架，用于分析一元函数扰动下bn的鲁棒稳定性。我们建立了一个理论结果，表明如果一个扰动BN在一定程度上允许一个自适应可调的Lyapunov函数，那么它就可以保证在原始平衡状态下达到全局有限时间稳定性。最后，通过数值算例对理论结果进行了验证。

引用次数: 0

Quantum Consensus Algorithms: A Brief Survey and Characterization 量子一致性算法：简要综述和表征

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.585

Hyungseop Yu , Hyo-Sung Ahn , Kwang-Kyo Oh

This paper presents a control-theoretic survey of four representative quantum consensus algorithms, with a focus on their convergence properties and implementation feasibility. The selected algorithms—ranging from gossip-based method to measurement-based feedback method and geometric control methods—exhibit fundamentally different convergence targets, including symmetric state consensus and directional alignment of Bloch vectors. Each approach is analyzed in terms of its dynamical structure, physical requirements, and control complexity. To show their performance, numerical simulations are conducted on a 3-qubit network under a fully connected topology. The results imply the trade-offs between convergence strength, coherence preservation, and practical implementability, offering insights for the design of distributed control protocols in quantum networks.

本文从控制理论的角度综述了四种典型的量子一致性算法，重点讨论了它们的收敛性和实现的可行性。所选择的算法-从基于八卦的方法到基于测量的反馈方法和几何控制方法-表现出根本不同的收敛目标，包括对称状态共识和Bloch向量的定向对齐。对每种方法的动态结构、物理要求和控制复杂性进行了分析。为了证明它们的性能，在全连接拓扑下的3量子位网络上进行了数值模拟。结果暗示了收敛强度，相干性保持和实际可实现性之间的权衡，为量子网络中分布式控制协议的设计提供了见解。

引用次数: 0

Optimisation of the treated wastewater production cycle in SBR SBR处理废水生产周期的优化

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.594

Tomasz Ujazdowski , Tomasz Zubowicz , Robert Piotrowski

Sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) are a type of water resource recovery facility that operate to eliminate pollutants from used water and serve as a class of critical infrastructure systems (CISs) vital in mitigating ecological degradation. However, typical operational treatment strategies rely on manual tuning and empirical adjustments, limiting process consistency, adaptability, and optimality. This work addresses these limitations and introduces an approach to modelling and operational strategy optimisation of SBR using a finite state machine (FSM) theory. The proposed framework formulates the SBR cycle as a Mealy-type FSM with cycle transitions driven by discrete input events and structured outputs that define control actions. By aligning SBR behaviour with production system principles, the model optimises input sequences and output vector parameters, targeting operational efficiency and treatment quality. This abstraction bridges the gap between process engineering and discrete event system design. Also, it facilitates modular integration with available hierarchical control architectures, supporting automated schedule generation. The advantages include formal verification potential, reduced operator dependency, and compatibility with cyber-physical CIS design requirements. However, the deployment involves process model calibration and integration with supervisory systems.

序批式反应器（SBRs）是一种水资源回收设施，其作用是消除废水中的污染物，并作为一类关键基础设施系统（CISs），对减轻生态退化至关重要。然而，典型的操作处理策略依赖于手动调整和经验调整，限制了过程的一致性、适应性和最优性。这项工作解决了这些限制，并引入了一种使用有限状态机（FSM）理论的SBR建模和操作策略优化方法。所提出的框架将SBR循环表述为一个由离散输入事件和定义控制动作的结构化输出驱动的循环转换的麦式FSM。通过将SBR行为与生产系统原则相结合，该模型可以优化输入序列和输出向量参数，以提高操作效率和处理质量为目标。这种抽象在过程工程和离散事件系统设计之间架起了桥梁。此外，它促进了与可用的分层控制体系结构的模块化集成，支持自动调度生成。其优点包括形式化验证的潜力，减少对操作人员的依赖，以及与网络物理CIS设计要求的兼容性。然而，部署涉及过程模型校准和与监控系统的集成。

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引用次数: 0

A Non-linear Agricultural Vehicle Simulation Model with Side-slip 考虑侧滑的农用车辆非线性仿真模型

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.753

Yue Yu , Noboru Noguchi

Agricultural vehicle simulation is of great importance to agricultural productivity. For example, mechanical tests for tractors could be conducted at low cost and with absolute safety by simulation. however, constructing highly precise, realistically performing dynamic models for agricultural vehicles in digital space remains a challenge. Traditional models cannot estimate large side-slip for vehicles, especially under agricultural environment. To address this issue, we combined the traditional bicycle model and a simplified tire model to develop a non-linear vehicle model in Unity digital space. Validation results showed that the proposed model can be successfully used to simulate the performance of agricultural vehicles.

农用车辆仿真对农业生产具有重要意义。例如，拖拉机的机械测试可以通过模拟进行，成本低，绝对安全。然而，在数字空间中构建高精度、逼真的农用车辆动态模型仍然是一个挑战。传统的模型无法估计车辆的大侧滑，特别是在农业环境下。为了解决这个问题，我们将传统的自行车模型和简化的轮胎模型结合起来，在Unity数字空间中开发了一个非线性的车辆模型。验证结果表明，该模型可以成功地用于农用车辆的性能仿真。

引用次数: 0

3D Convolutional Networks Outperform Traditional Methods for Strawberry Analysis with Spectral Imaging 三维卷积网络优于传统的草莓光谱成像分析方法

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.771

Salvador Castillo-Girones , Jos Ruizendaal , Xiomara Salas-Valderrama , Sandra Munera , Jose Blasco , Gerrit Polder

Spectral imaging combined with machine learning offers a powerful approach to predicting quality parameters and classifying strawberry cultivars. This study compares the performance of Partial Least Squares (PLS) models and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNNs) for Total Soluble Solids (TSS, °Brix) prediction and cultivar discrimination using a dataset of 17 strawberry cultivars from two origins. For TSS prediction, the 3D-CNN model achieved superior accuracy with an R² of 0.82 compared to 0.71 for the PLS model. For cultivar classification, the 3D-CNN model outperformed traditional approaches with an F1 score of 0.87, compared to 0.75 for the PLS model. The CNN’s ability to utilise both spatial and spectral features allowed it to capture subtle morphological differences among cultivars, which traditional models struggled to identify effectively. These findings demonstrate the superiority of deep learning models over traditional spectral methods in handling complex datasets and highlight the potential of spectral imaging and CNNs for robust quality assessment and classification in agricultural applications. Although previous studies have classified strawberry cultivars and predicted TSS, none have included as many varieties or samples (3,564) as this study. Additionally, the proposed model’s simple and replicable structure makes it especially useful for cultivar identification and easy for other researchers to adopt.

光谱成像与机器学习相结合，为预测质量参数和分类草莓品种提供了一种强大的方法。本研究利用来自两个产地的17个草莓品种的数据集，比较了偏最小二乘（PLS）模型和3D卷积神经网络（3D- cnn）在总可溶性固结物（TSS，°Brix）预测和品种识别方面的性能。对于TSS预测，3D-CNN模型的R2为0.82，而PLS模型的R2为0.71。对于品种分类，3D-CNN模型的F1得分为0.87，优于传统方法，而PLS模型的F1得分为0.75。CNN利用空间和光谱特征的能力使其能够捕捉到品种之间微妙的形态差异，这是传统模型难以有效识别的。这些发现证明了深度学习模型在处理复杂数据集方面优于传统光谱方法，并突出了光谱成像和cnn在农业应用中鲁棒质量评估和分类的潜力。虽然以前的研究已经对草莓品种进行了分类并预测了TSS，但没有一个像本研究那样包含如此多的品种或样本（3,564）。此外，该模型结构简单，可复制，对品种鉴定特别有用，便于其他研究人员采用。

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引用次数: 0

Battery heat flow HIL for cooling system testing and optimization⁎ 用于冷却系统测试和优化的电池热流HIL

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.104

Benjamín Pla , Pau Bares , Andre Aronis , Victor Tomanik

The rapid adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) has been driven by growing environmental awareness and advancements in energy storage technologies. However, lithium-ion cells, central to BEVs, are highly sensitive to temperature variations, requiring effective thermal management to prevent degradation, ensure safety, and optimize performance. This work presents a novel method to replicate the thermal behaviour of a battery on liquid cooling systems using standard system components. By combining a virtual battery model with a physical system, the thermal behaviour of a real battery pack is accurately reproduced. This cost-effective, safety-compliant approach enhances the development of efficient thermal management systems for BEVs. The Hardware In the Loop (HIL) platform was developed with a PXI from National Instruments and a solid-state resistance of 1 kW, while a 4 kWh battery pack prototype refrigerated with a cold plate was used for validation.

电池电动汽车（bev）的迅速普及受到日益增强的环保意识和能源存储技术进步的推动。然而，作为纯电动汽车核心的锂离子电池对温度变化非常敏感，需要有效的热管理来防止降解、确保安全性和优化性能。这项工作提出了一种新的方法来复制电池的热行为的液体冷却系统使用标准的系统组件。通过将虚拟电池模型与物理系统相结合，可以精确地再现真实电池组的热行为。这种经济、安全的方法促进了电动汽车高效热管理系统的开发。硬件在环（HIL）平台由美国国家仪器公司（National Instruments）的PXI开发，固态电阻为1kw，而使用冷板冷藏的4kwh电池组原型用于验证。

引用次数: 0

Two-wheel-driven Electric Superbike Powertrain Optimization 两轮驱动电动超级摩托车动力系统优化

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.105

Adelmo Niccolai , Maurizio Clemente , Theo Hofman , Niccolò Baldanzini

In this paper, we propose an optimization framework for the powertrain design of a two-wheel-driven electric superbike, minimizing energy consumption. Specifically, we jointly optimize the force distribution between the wheels with the gear ratio, and rear motor and battery sizing while explicitly considering vehicle dynamics and performance constraints. First, we present an energy consumption model of the vehicle, including a scalable model of the electric machine based on data from the industry, accounting for iron, copper, and mechanical losses. Then, we analyze the propulsive blending strategy to distribute the required power to the wheels while considering adherence limits. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by analyzing the design of a superbike, based on regulatory driving cycles and a custom high-performance circuit by comparing the force distribution approaches. The results underline the significance of joint optimization of powertrain components and propulsive bias, achieving a reduction of up to 22.36% in energy consumption for the Sport high-performance driving cycle.

本文提出了一种两轮驱动电动超级摩托车的动力系统优化设计框架，以实现能量消耗最小化。具体而言，我们在明确考虑车辆动力学和性能约束的同时，共同优化了车轮与传动比、后电机和电池尺寸之间的力分配。首先，我们提出了车辆的能源消耗模型，包括基于工业数据的电机可扩展模型，考虑铁、铜和机械损耗。然后，在考虑附着限制的情况下，分析了将所需动力分配给车轮的推进混合策略。最后，我们通过分析一辆超级摩托车的设计，基于调节驾驶循环和定制高性能电路，通过比较力分配方法，证明了我们的方法的有效性。研究结果强调了动力总成部件和推进偏置联合优化的重要性，在Sport高性能驾驶循环中实现了高达22.36%的能耗降低。

引用次数: 0

Cost-Effective Routing of a Single Heavy-Duty Battery Electric Truck 单辆重型电池电动卡车的成本效益路线

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.077

Svante Johansson , Daniel Jung , Christofer Sundström

The electrification of commercial heavy-duty long-haul transport to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is projected to be the dominant technology for future transport, but it is limited by short range and long charging time. This study develops a method to optimize transport with a single BEV to be cost-effective. It formulates an optimal plan for routing, charging, speed control, and resting periods to minimize the economic cost of operation. The plan considers constraints such as customer demand, road and charging networks, vehicle limitations, time windows, and Hours of Service regulations. It is shown that the optimal plan frequently operate near empty battery making detailed energy modeling critical, and that the strategy varies significantly depending on constraints at the final destination. The vehicle can be operated to save costs, through depot charging and energy efficient speed control, or increase its utilization, through fast charging. It is proposed that for BEVs, fleet coordination will benefit from close interaction with the day-to-day operation of single vehicles.

商用重型长途运输电气化为纯电动汽车（BEVs）预计将成为未来交通运输的主导技术，但它受到里程短和充电时间长的限制。本研究开发了一种优化单一纯电动汽车运输的方法，使其具有成本效益。它对路径、充电、速度控制和休息时间进行优化规划，使运行的经济成本最小化。该计划考虑了客户需求、道路和充电网络、车辆限制、时间窗口和服务时间规定等限制因素。结果表明，最优方案经常运行在电池接近空的情况下，这使得详细的能量建模变得至关重要，并且该策略根据最终目的地的约束条件变化很大。车辆运行可以通过车场充电和节能速度控制来节约成本，或者通过快速充电来提高车辆利用率。对于纯电动汽车，车队协调将受益于与单个车辆日常运行的密切互动。

引用次数: 0

Model based combustion control optimization of compression ignition engine fuelled with Diesel/OMEx blends 基于模型的柴油机燃烧控制优化

Q3 Engineering

IFAC-PapersOnLine

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.07.093

Foglia A. , Cervone D. , Frasci E. , Arsie I. , Pianese C. , Polverino P.

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OMEx) represent a concrete solution as drop-in fuels in the context of lengthening the usage of conventional compression ignition engines, whose high efficiency and power density still make them the preferred solution for long-haul transportation. The chemical structure of these e-fuels ensures a significant reduction in soot emissions, while their enhanced combustion efficiency leads to many advantages in terms of NOx. The following study focuses on the development of a one-dimensional model for the design and optimization of control strategies with the objective of reducing the energetic drawback resulting from the introduction of OMEx in blends with Diesel. The methodology is concerned with the initial development and validation of the combustion model that is employed to simulate the performance of conventional Diesel engines. The calibration procedure and the identification of model parameters are executed using the software GT-Suite, with consideration given to different operating points across the engine map. Subsequently, an assessment of the emission reduction and optimization control strategies for Diesel/OMEx blends is conducted.

在延长传统压缩点火发动机使用时间的背景下，聚氧二甲基醚（OMEx）代表了一种具体的替代燃料解决方案，其高效率和功率密度仍然使其成为长途运输的首选解决方案。这些电子燃料的化学结构确保了烟灰排放的显著减少，同时它们增强的燃烧效率导致了氮氧化物方面的许多优势。下面的研究重点是开发一个一维模型，用于设计和优化控制策略，目的是减少由于在柴油混合物中引入OMEx而导致的能量缺陷。该方法涉及用于模拟传统柴油机性能的燃烧模型的初步开发和验证。校正程序和模型参数的识别使用GT-Suite软件执行，并考虑到发动机地图上不同的工作点。随后，对柴油/OMEx混合燃料的减排和优化控制策略进行了评估。

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