Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2017.1384608
K. Krawiec, E. Hopla, P. Grinter, David Smith, P. Marshall, T. Hill, B. Gearey
ABSTRACT The value of understanding the landscape context within which sites of human occupation are situated is key to understanding their function and locality. The recovery of a borehole adjacent to the current course of the river Chelmer during the replacement of the existing A138 Chelmer Viaduct and river bridge allowed the palaeoenvironmental analysis and radiocarbon dating of floodplain sediments. The results of which demonstrated that woodland clearance and possible exploitation of the valley floor were occurring by early Bronze Age, despite a lack of archaeological evidence for settlement at this time. The nearby sites of Springfield Lyons and Great Baddow demonstrate a lack of human activity in this period although unexcavated cropmark evidence from within the wider valley may yet demonstrate the presence of earlier human activity. This study demonstrates the potential of the Chelmer valley to preserve palaeoenvironmental records and potentially for the preservation of archaeological sites in the floodplain deposits.
{"title":"Palaeoenvironmental Investigations of the River Chelmer, Chelmsford, Essex, UK","authors":"K. Krawiec, E. Hopla, P. Grinter, David Smith, P. Marshall, T. Hill, B. Gearey","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2017.1384608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2017.1384608","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The value of understanding the landscape context within which sites of human occupation are situated is key to understanding their function and locality. The recovery of a borehole adjacent to the current course of the river Chelmer during the replacement of the existing A138 Chelmer Viaduct and river bridge allowed the palaeoenvironmental analysis and radiocarbon dating of floodplain sediments. The results of which demonstrated that woodland clearance and possible exploitation of the valley floor were occurring by early Bronze Age, despite a lack of archaeological evidence for settlement at this time. The nearby sites of Springfield Lyons and Great Baddow demonstrate a lack of human activity in this period although unexcavated cropmark evidence from within the wider valley may yet demonstrate the presence of earlier human activity. This study demonstrates the potential of the Chelmer valley to preserve palaeoenvironmental records and potentially for the preservation of archaeological sites in the floodplain deposits.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"17 1","pages":"51 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14732971.2017.1384608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43451135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2017.1355575
T. Brown
USA and would certainly be an appropriate and accessible volume for anyone seeking an introduction to the complex subjects of wetland science and management in this part of the world. Whilst the book is clearly not aimed at an archaeological audience, the availability of useful and accessible reference works on the subjects of wetland processes, formation and ecology can be something of an issue for the discipline of wetland archaeology and to this end Wetland Indicators can be welcomed as an authoritative addition.
{"title":"Down by the river: archaeology, palaeoenvironmental and geoarchaeoogical investigations of the Suffolk River Valleys","authors":"T. Brown","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2017.1355575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2017.1355575","url":null,"abstract":"USA and would certainly be an appropriate and accessible volume for anyone seeking an introduction to the complex subjects of wetland science and management in this part of the world. Whilst the book is clearly not aimed at an archaeological audience, the availability of useful and accessible reference works on the subjects of wetland processes, formation and ecology can be something of an issue for the discipline of wetland archaeology and to this end Wetland Indicators can be welcomed as an authoritative addition.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"17 1","pages":"75 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14732971.2017.1355575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42406257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2017.1371432
J. Tolksdorf, Falko Turner, Stephan Veil, F. Bittmann, Klaus Breest
ABSTRACT Bioturbation and intrusive ecofacts are major concerns for the analysis of archaeological sites in wetland environments. Post-sedimentary influence of beavers (Castor fiber) is described for a well dated Late Palaeolithic archaeological record situated in a floodplain in Northern Germany. An extensive burrow system was documented and analysed according to its spatial dimensions and sedimentological properties; it was interpreted to be the result of beaver activity. Palynological analyses proved a Mid-Holocene origin of the infill material and helped in understanding the history of site formation. In addition, a pointed piece of wood was examined and identified as ecofact, which had been gnawed by a small rodent, possibly Arvicola amphibius (water vole). Our study thus illustrates the potential complexity of post-sedimentary site-alteration, describes the sub-surface morphology of a burrow system in a wetland context and documents risks for erroneous archaeological interpretation.
{"title":"Beaver (Castor fiber) Activity in an Archaeological Context: A Mid-Holocene Beaver Burrow Feature and a Late-Holocene Ecofact at the Late Palaeolithic Grabow Site, Northern Germany*","authors":"J. Tolksdorf, Falko Turner, Stephan Veil, F. Bittmann, Klaus Breest","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2017.1371432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2017.1371432","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bioturbation and intrusive ecofacts are major concerns for the analysis of archaeological sites in wetland environments. Post-sedimentary influence of beavers (Castor fiber) is described for a well dated Late Palaeolithic archaeological record situated in a floodplain in Northern Germany. An extensive burrow system was documented and analysed according to its spatial dimensions and sedimentological properties; it was interpreted to be the result of beaver activity. Palynological analyses proved a Mid-Holocene origin of the infill material and helped in understanding the history of site formation. In addition, a pointed piece of wood was examined and identified as ecofact, which had been gnawed by a small rodent, possibly Arvicola amphibius (water vole). Our study thus illustrates the potential complexity of post-sedimentary site-alteration, describes the sub-surface morphology of a burrow system in a wetland context and documents risks for erroneous archaeological interpretation.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"17 1","pages":"36 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14732971.2017.1371432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48173202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2016.1223809
Rob Sands, A. O’Sullivan, A. Daly, M. Dillon
ABSTRACT Large, impressive medieval V-shaped wooden fishing structures located on the Fergus Estuary, Co. Clare, Ireland have been the subject of ongoing research funded by the Heritage Council (2008–2012) and a Marie Curie IEF fellowship (2011–2013). The weirs would have caught fish on an ebb tide and are collectively known as the Boarland Rock complex. Successive construction occurred from as early as the thirteenth century to the fifteenth century AD and possibly later. This short paper explores these structures and their relationship to channel change as expressed through historic mapping and nineteenth century commentary. Using this evidence, in combination with current dating evidence, the paper reflects upon the original siting of the Boarland Rock structures in the medieval period, the serendipity of discovery and the extent to what we see today it is under threat.
{"title":"Old maps, channel change, serendipity and loss: medieval fishweirs on the Fergus Estuary, Co. Clare, Ireland","authors":"Rob Sands, A. O’Sullivan, A. Daly, M. Dillon","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2016.1223809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2016.1223809","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Large, impressive medieval V-shaped wooden fishing structures located on the Fergus Estuary, Co. Clare, Ireland have been the subject of ongoing research funded by the Heritage Council (2008–2012) and a Marie Curie IEF fellowship (2011–2013). The weirs would have caught fish on an ebb tide and are collectively known as the Boarland Rock complex. Successive construction occurred from as early as the thirteenth century to the fifteenth century AD and possibly later. This short paper explores these structures and their relationship to channel change as expressed through historic mapping and nineteenth century commentary. Using this evidence, in combination with current dating evidence, the paper reflects upon the original siting of the Boarland Rock structures in the medieval period, the serendipity of discovery and the extent to what we see today it is under threat.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"16 1","pages":"17 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14732971.2016.1223809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2016.1215664
Pikne Kama
ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to introduce what kind of place-lore concerning bog bodies can be found in Estonian folklore. How could this place-lore be used by archaeologists? There is folklore describing people buried in swamps and bogs and drowning in wetlands. Moreover, some place-lore mentions finds of human remains from wetlands, which refers to incidents where bog bodies were found in the past but of which we do not have any knowledge based on archaeological records. The case-study presented in this paper illustrates the complex relationship between an archaeologically documented find, the Rabivere bog body and place-lore. There are various stories about the Rabivere bog body, and this place-lore has been used to interpret the bog find. This paper gives an example how folkloric information can provide a rather different picture about the past in comparison with archaeological data, bringing out the possibilities and difficulties of this kind of interdisciplinary approach.
{"title":"Place-lore concerning bog bodies and a bog body concerning place-lore","authors":"Pikne Kama","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2016.1215664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2016.1215664","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to introduce what kind of place-lore concerning bog bodies can be found in Estonian folklore. How could this place-lore be used by archaeologists? There is folklore describing people buried in swamps and bogs and drowning in wetlands. Moreover, some place-lore mentions finds of human remains from wetlands, which refers to incidents where bog bodies were found in the past but of which we do not have any knowledge based on archaeological records. The case-study presented in this paper illustrates the complex relationship between an archaeologically documented find, the Rabivere bog body and place-lore. There are various stories about the Rabivere bog body, and this place-lore has been used to interpret the bog find. This paper gives an example how folkloric information can provide a rather different picture about the past in comparison with archaeological data, bringing out the possibilities and difficulties of this kind of interdisciplinary approach.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14732971.2016.1215664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2016.1248129
Michael J. Stratigos
ABSTRACT This paper examines how loch drainage in eighteenth and nineteenth century Scotland has shaped the archaeological record, with particular reference to lake dwellings known as ‘crannogs’. The analysis uses the Roy Military Survey of Scotland (1747–1755) as a baseline for charting changes to lacustrine environment through time. The work is unique for its scale which examines all of mainland Scotland, and the results have revealed unrecognized patterns in the timing and intensity of land-use changes that have impacted lacustrine environments. These patterns are linked to the development of archaeological investigation in Scotland demonstrating that the current distribution of crannogs across the country is an artefact of loch drainage and antiquarian investigation and not representative of the past distribution of these critical sites. This paper presents one way in which we can begin to account for these historic changes to land-use and their impact to our understanding of the archaeological record.
{"title":"The lost lochs of Scotland: tracking land-use change and its effects on the archaeological record","authors":"Michael J. Stratigos","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2016.1248129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2016.1248129","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines how loch drainage in eighteenth and nineteenth century Scotland has shaped the archaeological record, with particular reference to lake dwellings known as ‘crannogs’. The analysis uses the Roy Military Survey of Scotland (1747–1755) as a baseline for charting changes to lacustrine environment through time. The work is unique for its scale which examines all of mainland Scotland, and the results have revealed unrecognized patterns in the timing and intensity of land-use changes that have impacted lacustrine environments. These patterns are linked to the development of archaeological investigation in Scotland demonstrating that the current distribution of crannogs across the country is an artefact of loch drainage and antiquarian investigation and not representative of the past distribution of these critical sites. This paper presents one way in which we can begin to account for these historic changes to land-use and their impact to our understanding of the archaeological record.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"16 1","pages":"33 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14732971.2016.1248129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2016.1260908
N. Bermingham
ABSTRACT Late in 2012 the remains of an early Iron Age body body, known as Moydrum Man, were recovered from an industrial raised bog at Kinnegad, Co. Meath. The recovery of human remains prompted repeat survey of the bog which was known to contain 21 archaeological sites dating from the Bronze Age. The 2013 survey identified 56 archaeological sites, almost tripling the number of sites already known. This contrasts with repeat surveys of other bogs which have typically produced lower sites numbers and reduced distributions. This result means the outcomes of older and more recent re-surveys must be regarded critically as the Kinnegad survey shows the continued potential of industrial peatlands to deliver new sites in significant numbers. This paper reviews the results from Kinnegad and other repeat surveys and considers the implications for the reliable and accurate identification of sites in future surveys.
{"title":"Going Over the Same Old Ground? Archaeological Re-survey of a Raised Mire at Kinnegad, Co. Meath, Ireland: Implications for the Accurate Identification of Archaeological Sites","authors":"N. Bermingham","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2016.1260908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2016.1260908","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Late in 2012 the remains of an early Iron Age body body, known as Moydrum Man, were recovered from an industrial raised bog at Kinnegad, Co. Meath. The recovery of human remains prompted repeat survey of the bog which was known to contain 21 archaeological sites dating from the Bronze Age. The 2013 survey identified 56 archaeological sites, almost tripling the number of sites already known. This contrasts with repeat surveys of other bogs which have typically produced lower sites numbers and reduced distributions. This result means the outcomes of older and more recent re-surveys must be regarded critically as the Kinnegad survey shows the continued potential of industrial peatlands to deliver new sites in significant numbers. This paper reviews the results from Kinnegad and other repeat surveys and considers the implications for the reliable and accurate identification of sites in future surveys.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"16 1","pages":"52 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14732971.2016.1260908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2015.1112595
T. Brown
{"title":"In the Landscape and Between Worlds: Bronze Age Deposition Sites Around Lakes Mälaren and Hjälmaren in Sweden","authors":"T. Brown","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2015.1112595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2015.1112595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"15 1","pages":"149 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14732971.2015.1112595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59824907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2015.1112591
R. van Beek
Abstract Culturally oriented studies on raised bogs in the Netherlands and neighbouring areas either focus on regional scale levels or on site/object-based information. Interdisciplinary microregional studies are key to bridge the gap between these types of data and to reconstruct human-land relations in detail. This paper analyses which cultural and natural processes were involved in the long-term development of a raised bog near Vriezenveen (province of Overijssel), by integrating geological, palynological, archaeological and historical geographical data. The study area includes both the bog, which has largely been reclaimed, and the nearby drylands. The landscape was subject to continuous change, driven by a complex and dynamic entanglement of environmental, socio-economic and ideological factors. The research results point to differences in the pace of landscape change between wetland and neighbouring drylands, and variability in the resilience of different cultural landscape elements and practices. They also illustrate the potentials as well as the problems of producing integrated narratives of landscape change and human activity for wetland environments and how these sorts of studies might be progressed in the future.
{"title":"An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Long-Term History of Raised Bogs: a Case Study at Vriezenveen (the Netherlands)","authors":"R. van Beek","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2015.1112591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2015.1112591","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Culturally oriented studies on raised bogs in the Netherlands and neighbouring areas either focus on regional scale levels or on site/object-based information. Interdisciplinary microregional studies are key to bridge the gap between these types of data and to reconstruct human-land relations in detail. This paper analyses which cultural and natural processes were involved in the long-term development of a raised bog near Vriezenveen (province of Overijssel), by integrating geological, palynological, archaeological and historical geographical data. The study area includes both the bog, which has largely been reclaimed, and the nearby drylands. The landscape was subject to continuous change, driven by a complex and dynamic entanglement of environmental, socio-economic and ideological factors. The research results point to differences in the pace of landscape change between wetland and neighbouring drylands, and variability in the resilience of different cultural landscape elements and practices. They also illustrate the potentials as well as the problems of producing integrated narratives of landscape change and human activity for wetland environments and how these sorts of studies might be progressed in the future.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":"15 1","pages":"1 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14732971.2015.1112591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59824737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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