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Nasty, Brutish and Short?; The Life Cycle of an Iron Age Roundhouse at Black Loch of Myrton, SW Scotland 肮脏、粗野、矮小?苏格兰西南部默顿黑湖铁器时代圆屋的生命周期
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2019.1576413
A. Crone, G. Cavers, E. Allison, K. Davies, D. Hamilton, A. Henderson, H. Mackay, Dawn McLaren, J. Robertson, L. Roy, N. Whitehouse
ABSTRACT Excavations at Black Loch of Myrton, Dumfries & Galloway are revealing the very well-preserved remains of an Iron Age settlement, the wetland context ensuring that the timber structures have remained intact and that the detritus of daily occupation survives for us to pick apart and understand. One of the structures in this settlement is an exceptionally well-preserved roundhouse, the material remains of which have been subjected to a barrage of analyses encompassing the insect, macroplant, bone and wood assemblages, soil micromorphology, faecal steroids, radiocarbon-dating and dendrochronology. These will enable us to address some of the key issues regarding the life cycles of Iron Age roundhouses, from conception and construction, use of internal space, nature of occupation and likely function, through to abandonment. Critically, we are now able to view that life cycle through the lens of a tightly-defined chronology bringing us close to the ‘ … short-term timescales of lived reality’ [Foxhall, L. 2000. “The Running Sands of Time: Archaeology and the Short-Term.” World Archaeology 31 (3): 484–498].
在默顿、邓弗里斯和加洛韦的黑湖进行的挖掘工作揭示了铁器时代聚落保存完好的遗迹,湿地环境确保了木结构的完好无损,日常活动的碎屑幸存下来,供我们拆开和理解。该聚落的其中一个结构是保存非常完好的圆屋,其材料遗迹经过了一系列分析,包括昆虫、大型植物、骨骼和木材组合、土壤微观形态、粪便类固醇、放射性碳定年和树木年代学。这将使我们能够解决一些关于铁器时代圆屋生命周期的关键问题,从概念和建造,内部空间的使用,职业性质和可能的功能,到废弃。关键的是,我们现在能够通过严格定义的年表来看待生命周期,使我们接近“……生活现实的短期时间尺度”[Foxhall, L. 2000]。"时间的流沙:考古学和短期"世界考古31(3):484-498。
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引用次数: 11
Becoming Bog Bodies Sacrifice and Politics of Exclusion, as Evidenced in the Deposition of Skeletal Remains in Wetlands Near Uppåkra 成为沼泽尸体,牺牲和排斥政治,尤巴<s:1>克拉附近湿地遗骨沉积的证据
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2017.1408596
C. Fredengren
ABSTRACT This paper is inspired by new materialist gender theory and the way it reconfigures the analysis of bodies and the environment. Here the relationships entangled in wetlands and bogs through depositions are in focus. More specifically, it deals with the placing of bodily remains and artefacts in wet contexts around the political and religious centre of Uppåkra in Scania, South Sweden. The aim of this paper is to map some of the processes that led to those people ‘becoming bog bodies’ and investigates their role in a situated political ecology. By examining who these people were and became during the life course and in death, it will open up a discussion on precariousness, vulnerability and masculinity, where victims of sacrifice were perhaps not only selected, but also possibly made. The paper brings a neglected dataset of skeletal remains from bogs to the attention of research and present new radiocarbon dates as well as osteological analysis of these remains. It engages with concepts such as slow violence and necropolitics derived from discussions within the environmental humanities.
本文的灵感来自于新唯物主义性别理论及其对身体与环境分析的重新配置。在这里,通过沉积而纠缠在湿地和沼泽中的关系是重点。更具体地说,它涉及到在瑞典南部斯堪尼亚的乌普克拉政治和宗教中心周围潮湿的环境中放置遗体和人工制品。本文的目的是绘制导致这些人“成为沼泽体”的一些过程,并调查他们在特定政治生态中的作用。通过研究这些人在生命历程和死亡过程中是谁,成为谁,它将开启一场关于不稳定性、脆弱性和男子气概的讨论,其中牺牲的受害者可能不仅是被选择的,而且可能是被制造的。这篇论文将一个被忽视的来自沼泽的骨骼遗骸数据集引起了研究的注意,并提出了新的放射性碳测年方法以及这些遗骸的骨骼学分析。它涉及的概念,如缓慢的暴力和死灵政治源自环境人文学科的讨论。
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引用次数: 19
Humans, Animals and Water The Deposition of Human and Animal Remains in Norwegian Wetlands 人类、动物和水——人类和动物遗骸在挪威湿地的沉积
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2018.1459264
Grethe Bjørkan Bukkemoen, Kjetil Skare
ABSTRACT This paper publishes an assemblage of human- and animal remains from Starene, a wetland site in Hedmark, south-east Norway, dating to the early and late Iron Age. The site is situated within a district with six previous finds of fragmented bog skeletons. The Starene site provided new information on this group of finds and also revealed animal remains, which have brought new insight to the multi-period nature of the depositional sites. This paper draws on some of the initial results from Starene and a comparison with the earlier find contexts from the district. An initial review of the site is followed by a discussion concerning the treatment and selection of human and animal remains. The additional comparative material will be included to give further insight to the practice of deposition.
摘要本文发表了挪威东南部赫德马克湿地Starene的人类和动物遗骸,可追溯到铁器时代的早期和晚期。该遗址位于一个地区内,之前曾发现过六具破碎的沼泽骨骼。Starene遗址为这组发现提供了新的信息,还揭示了动物遗骸,这为沉积遗址的多期性质带来了新的见解。本文借鉴了Starene的一些初步结果,并与该地区早期发现的背景进行了比较。对该遗址进行初步审查后,对人类和动物遗骸的处理和选择进行了讨论。将包括额外的比较材料,以进一步了解沉积实践。
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引用次数: 4
Wood Procurement at the Early Neolithic site of La Draga (Banyoles, Barcelona) 新石器时代早期德拉加遗址(巴塞罗那班约莱斯)的木材采购
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2018.1466415
O. López-Bultó, Raquel Piqué Huerta
ABSTRACT Wood is one of the most common raw materials for the prehistoric societies. Therefore sites were wood is preserved in waterlogged conditions are essential in order to understand those prehistoric societies. La Draga (Banyoles, Spain) is a lake dwelling dated 5300–4900 cal BC, which correspond to the firsts farming societies on the Iberian Peninsula. The site has provided an excellent sample of tools and architectonical remains made of wood. This work summarizes the results of the study of wood remains in order to characterize the wood acquisition strategies of Neolithic societies. The morphology and size of the wooden elements as well as the anatomical features provide an excellent picture of taxa selection. Quercus sp deciduous is the most important taxa according to the number of individuals identified between the piles and beams. However, other species were also used for specific purposes.
木材是史前社会最常见的原材料之一。因此,在浸水条件下保存木材的遗址对于了解那些史前社会至关重要。拉德拉加(La Draga,西班牙班约莱斯)是一座建于公元前5300-4900年的湖泊住宅,与伊比利亚半岛上最早的农业社会相对应。该遗址提供了一个很好的木材工具和建筑遗迹样本。这项工作总结了木材遗骸的研究结果,以表征新石器时代社会的木材获取策略。木制元素的形态和大小以及解剖特征为分类群选择提供了一个很好的画面。从桩梁之间的个体数来看,落叶松是最重要的分类群。然而,其他物种也被用于特定目的。
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引用次数: 17
Fishing and Managing the Trent in the Medieval Period (7th–14th Century): Excavations at Hemington Quarry (1998–2000), Castle Donington, UK 中世纪(7-14世纪)的特伦特捕鱼和管理:英国多宁顿城堡海明顿采石场的挖掘(1998-2000)
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2018.1466421
K. Krawiec
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引用次数: 0
Peat People. On the Function and Context of Medieval Artificial Platforms in a Coastal Wetland, Eelder- and Peizermaden, the Netherlands 泥炭的人。荷兰elelder - and Peizermaden海滨湿地中世纪人工平台的功能和环境
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2018.1473233
B. Groenewoudt, J. van Doesburg
ABSTRACT Large, artificial habitation platforms are widely distributed along the southern North Sea coasts. In this article, we will focus on the less known, small medieval platforms situated further inland, on the edge of the extensive peat bogs which until medieval times covered much of the lowlands of the Netherlands. We have confronted data from the area Eelder- and Peizermaden with existing models on the dynamics of human colonization and exploitation of North Sea coastal wetlands. The evidence from ‘peat terps’ seems to reflect distinct and successive land-use types or strategies that are associated with at least two colonization phases. Changes in land use are related to environmental changes that are largely human-induced. This is typical for coastal peat landscapes. Land-use patterns display spatio-temporal similarities as well as differences. The observed succession of land-use types and the associated material culture bear a strong resemblance to developments in the Assendelver polder a millennium before.
大型人工居住平台广泛分布在北海南部海岸。在这篇文章中,我们将把重点放在那些鲜为人知的中世纪小平台上,这些平台位于内陆更远的地方,位于广泛的泥炭沼泽的边缘,直到中世纪,泥炭沼泽覆盖了荷兰的大部分低地。我们将Eelder- and Peizermaden地区的数据与现有的人类殖民和开发北海沿海湿地的动态模型进行了比较。来自“泥炭沼泽”的证据似乎反映了与至少两个殖民阶段相关的独特和连续的土地利用类型或策略。土地利用的变化与主要由人为引起的环境变化有关。这是典型的沿海泥炭地景观。土地利用格局既有时空相似性,也有时空差异性。观察到的土地利用类型的演替和相关的物质文化与一千年前Assendelver圩田的发展非常相似。
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引用次数: 2
Influence of Global and Local Environmental Change on Migratory Birds: Evidence for Variable Wetland Habitats in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene of the Southern Levant 全球和局部环境变化对候鸟的影响:南黎凡特晚更新世和全新世早期湿地栖息地变化的证据
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2018.1454702
L. Yeomans
ABSTRACT Analysis of avifaunal remains from Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene settlements on the edge of a seasonally refreshed, yet diminishing, wetland in eastern Jordan illustrates the impact that habitat loss can have on bird migration. The wetland was a key wintering ground for a variety of waterfowl, with passage migrants also pausing on long-distance routes that ended at more southerly destinations. These birds were hunted by people who made substantial use of their seasonal abundance. Over time climatic fluctuations and altering dynamics of local fluvial systems reduced the wetlands ability to attract waterfowl. Understanding causes of underlying changes to bird migration furthers our knowledge about the wetland ecotones favoured by people in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene in the southern Levant.
摘要:对约旦东部一片季节性更新但不断减少的湿地边缘晚更新世和全新世早期定居点的鸟类遗骸的分析表明,栖息地的丧失可能对鸟类迁徙产生影响。湿地是各种水禽的主要越冬地,迁徙的水禽也会在以更南的目的地为终点的长途路线上停留。这些鸟被人们大量利用季节性的丰富资源来猎杀。随着时间的推移,气候波动和当地河流系统动态的变化降低了湿地吸引水禽的能力。了解鸟类迁徙潜在变化的原因,进一步加深了我们对黎凡特南部更新世晚期和全新世早期人们喜爱的湿地交错带的了解。
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引用次数: 2
Integrating Land and Water – The Federsee Logboats in the Context of Prehistoric Traffic Across the European Watershed 陆地与水的整合——欧洲流域史前交通背景下的联邦船
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2017.1353245
M. Mainberger
ABSTRACT In the Federsee basin, a large bog in the pre-alpine foreland of Upper Swabia/Southern Germany, hitherto 58 logboats have been discovered. This outstanding large number of watercraft raises questions on the interrelationship between Federsee bog and the Main European Watershed. At the southern edge of Federsee basin, the riverine systems of Rhine and Danube rivers are separated only by few kilometres of dry land. It is to be suggested that this isthmus between the two large European river systems was used as a portage and part of a traffic system that integrated land and water routes. A multitude of ethnographic and historical evidence indicates that portages played an important role in landscapes with poor conditions for land transport. In contrast, archaeological observations on portages are generally very scarce. Direct archaeological evidence is also lacking at Federsee. A potential Federsee portage remains therefore hypothetical.
摘要在德国南部上斯瓦比亚前高山前陆的Federsee盆地,迄今已发现58艘木船。这一数量巨大的船只引发了人们对费德西沼泽和欧洲主要流域之间相互关系的质疑。在Federsee盆地的南部边缘,莱茵河和多瑙河的水系仅相隔几公里的旱地。有人认为,这两个欧洲大型河流系统之间的地峡被用作水陆交通系统的一部分。大量的人种学和历史证据表明,运输工具在陆地运输条件较差的景观中发挥了重要作用。相比之下,对门户的考古观察通常非常稀少。Federsee也缺乏直接的考古证据。因此,潜在的Federesee转运仍然是假设性的。
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引用次数: 2
Wetlands in Defiance: Exploring African-American Resistance in the Great Dismal Swamp 蔑视的湿地:探索大沼泽中非洲裔美国人的抵抗
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2017.1371429
Becca Peixotto
ABSTRACT The Great Dismal Swamp of Virginia and North Carolina (US) was home to disenfranchised Native Americans, enslaved canal company labourers and Maroons (‘fugitive slaves’) who lived in the wetlands temporarily and long term ca. 1607–1863. This paper discusses the methods and results of recent exploration and excavation in Virginia on the Williamson North and Williamson South sites. Publicly available LiDAR data and on-the-ground exploration facilitated identification of both potential archaeological sites and subtle terrain features across the rather inaccessible landscape. By studying the local place variations and connections between wet and dry spaces subsumed under the Swamp moniker, it is possible to glimpse a more nuanced historical landscape. Newly identified sites in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge demonstrate that the smallest islands in the Swamp and the wet areas surrounding them should not be overlooked as we work to understand the landscape of resistance created by Maroons.
摘要弗吉尼亚州和北卡罗来纳州的大沼泽地(美国)是被剥夺权利的美洲原住民、被奴役的运河公司劳工和马龙人(“丑陋的奴隶”)的家园,他们在湿地中暂时和长期生活。本文讨论了弗吉尼亚州最近对威廉姆森北部和威廉姆森南部遗址的勘探和发掘方法和结果。公开可用的激光雷达数据和地面勘探有助于在人迹罕至的景观中识别潜在的考古遗址和微妙的地形特征。通过研究沼泽这个名字所包含的当地的变化以及潮湿和干燥空间之间的联系,我们有可能看到一个更微妙的历史景观。Great Dismal Swamp国家野生动物保护区最新确定的地点表明,在我们努力了解马龙派创造的抵抗景观时,不应忽视沼泽中最小的岛屿及其周围的潮湿地区。
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引用次数: 4
Wetland indicators: a guide to wetland formation, identification, delineation, classification and mapping 湿地指标:湿地形成、识别、圈定、分类和制图指南
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2017.1401334
B. Gearey
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Wetland Archaeology
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