Pub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2024.2388920
Niklas Hausmann
The paper re-examines the Duvensee 13 site at Lake Duvensee, Germany, dating from 9900 to 8600 calBP, the latest in a series of well-known hazelnut roasting sites of a larger Mesolithic site comple...
{"title":"Revisiting Duvensee 13: Additional Analyses of Lithic Artefacts and Site Contexts of a Small Dwelling at the Ancient Lake Duvensee, Germany","authors":"Niklas Hausmann","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2024.2388920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2024.2388920","url":null,"abstract":"The paper re-examines the Duvensee 13 site at Lake Duvensee, Germany, dating from 9900 to 8600 calBP, the latest in a series of well-known hazelnut roasting sites of a larger Mesolithic site comple...","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142177620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2023.2289633
Niels Bleicher, Marie-Claire Ries, Pierre Ingold, Céline Griessen, Daria Moser, Tim Wehrle, Christian Bader, Monika Isler
{"title":"A Database-Driven Excavation of a Waterlogged Neolithic Settlement: The Case of Küssnacht-Immensee Dorfplatz (Switzerland)","authors":"Niels Bleicher, Marie-Claire Ries, Pierre Ingold, Céline Griessen, Daria Moser, Tim Wehrle, Christian Bader, Monika Isler","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2023.2289633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2023.2289633","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2023.2248706
Mairi Davies, Tom Gardner, Benjamin Gearey, T. de Haas, M. Schepers, Michael J. Stratigos
ABSTRACT This editorial introduces the context for a special issue of the Journal of Wetland Archaeology, co-edited by Mairi Davies, Tom Gardner, Benjamin Gearey, Tymon de Haas, Mans Schepers and Michael Stratigos. The volume is a result of a session of the 2021 Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists hosted virtually by Kiel University entitled ‘The Historical Ecology of Reclamation Landscapes: Towards a Cross-Cultural Comparative Perspective’. The papers explore the archaeology and historical ecology of wetland environments which have been reclaimed and thus take on unique and important characteristics. This includes ever increasing importance as calls grow for wetland environments globally to be restored in order to combat two of the key challenges of the Anthropocene – climate change and biodiversity declines.
摘要：这篇社论介绍了《湿地考古杂志》特刊的来龙去脉，该杂志由Mairi Davies、Tom Gardner、Benjamin Gearey、Tymon de Haas、Mans Schepers和Michael Stratigos共同主编。该卷是基尔大学虚拟主办的2021年欧洲考古学家协会年会的成果，题为“开垦景观的历史生态学：走向跨文化比较视角”。本文探讨了被开垦的湿地环境的考古学和历史生态学，从而呈现出独特而重要的特征。这包括随着全球恢复湿地环境的呼声越来越高，以应对人类世的两个关键挑战——气候变化和生物多样性下降，这一点变得越来越重要。
{"title":"Between reclamation and restoration: the archaeology, historical ecology and future development of drained wetland landscapes","authors":"Mairi Davies, Tom Gardner, Benjamin Gearey, T. de Haas, M. Schepers, Michael J. Stratigos","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2023.2248706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2023.2248706","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This editorial introduces the context for a special issue of the Journal of Wetland Archaeology, co-edited by Mairi Davies, Tom Gardner, Benjamin Gearey, Tymon de Haas, Mans Schepers and Michael Stratigos. The volume is a result of a session of the 2021 Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists hosted virtually by Kiel University entitled ‘The Historical Ecology of Reclamation Landscapes: Towards a Cross-Cultural Comparative Perspective’. The papers explore the archaeology and historical ecology of wetland environments which have been reclaimed and thus take on unique and important characteristics. This includes ever increasing importance as calls grow for wetland environments globally to be restored in order to combat two of the key challenges of the Anthropocene – climate change and biodiversity declines.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43675856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2023.2211739
Z. Hazell, L. Brown, Christine (Kat) Hopwood-Lewis
ABSTRACT Peatlands are widely recognised for their rich biodiversity and their role as carbon stores. They are equally special in terms of their cultural and heritage significance; as historic landscapes, for preserving archaeological remains and palaeoecological records, and for their intangible cultural connections. In 2018 the UK Government published its 25 Year Environment Plan, a key component of which has been the development of the England Peat Action Plan by Defra. This paper outlines some of Historic England and Natural England’s most-recent collaborative work on peatlands and the historic environment. This ultimately resulted in its representation within England’s wider peatland strategy and policy – the first of the UK nations to do so. This paper discusses the authors’ work carried out between 2017 and 2022, highlighting the challenges, opportunities and experiences of cross-sector, multi-agency working. It introduces the documents and guidance, produced jointly, to support the work and schemes ‘on the ground’.
{"title":"Peatlands and the historic environment in England – working together to make the difference","authors":"Z. Hazell, L. Brown, Christine (Kat) Hopwood-Lewis","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2023.2211739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2023.2211739","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Peatlands are widely recognised for their rich biodiversity and their role as carbon stores. They are equally special in terms of their cultural and heritage significance; as historic landscapes, for preserving archaeological remains and palaeoecological records, and for their intangible cultural connections. In 2018 the UK Government published its 25 Year Environment Plan, a key component of which has been the development of the England Peat Action Plan by Defra. This paper outlines some of Historic England and Natural England’s most-recent collaborative work on peatlands and the historic environment. This ultimately resulted in its representation within England’s wider peatland strategy and policy – the first of the UK nations to do so. This paper discusses the authors’ work carried out between 2017 and 2022, highlighting the challenges, opportunities and experiences of cross-sector, multi-agency working. It introduces the documents and guidance, produced jointly, to support the work and schemes ‘on the ground’.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43143696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2022.2101190
Michael J. Stratigos
ABSTRACT This paper presents an archaeological perspective of modified lacustrine environments in Scotland currently designated as protected areas for biodiversity. After introducing how ‘natural’ is embedded in biodiversity protection and restoration, an approach to archaeologically assess the anthropogenic creation of protected biodiversity is laid out using an existing dataset on historic drainage of Scottish lochs. This approach is one way to quantify the degree to which valued and protected wetland habitats are products of human activity, specifically drainage. Where this is the case, wetland archaeology of historic drainage can improve management and habitat restoration through articulating processes of shifting ecological baselines and defining natural states in environments. This is explored with a case study and argued to support novel ecosystems frameworks for protected areas and restoration. With this view, a model is proposed for how wetland archaeology can improve wetland restoration while reducing possible conflicts with the preservation of wetland archaeology.
{"title":"What Wetland are We Protecting and Restoring? Quantifying the Human Creation of Protected Areas in Scotland","authors":"Michael J. Stratigos","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2022.2101190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2022.2101190","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents an archaeological perspective of modified lacustrine environments in Scotland currently designated as protected areas for biodiversity. After introducing how ‘natural’ is embedded in biodiversity protection and restoration, an approach to archaeologically assess the anthropogenic creation of protected biodiversity is laid out using an existing dataset on historic drainage of Scottish lochs. This approach is one way to quantify the degree to which valued and protected wetland habitats are products of human activity, specifically drainage. Where this is the case, wetland archaeology of historic drainage can improve management and habitat restoration through articulating processes of shifting ecological baselines and defining natural states in environments. This is explored with a case study and argued to support novel ecosystems frameworks for protected areas and restoration. With this view, a model is proposed for how wetland archaeology can improve wetland restoration while reducing possible conflicts with the preservation of wetland archaeology.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45187594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2022.2083798
Michele Abballe, Marco Cavalazzi, Celeste Fiorotto
ABSTRACT In this paper, we aim to present the results of interdisciplinary research focusing on the surroundings of Lugo, a town in the hinterland of Ravenna. The area is known for the extraordinary preservation of the centuriated field system, although its ‘Roman’ origin has been rightly questioned in the last three decades. Our data show how this seemingly homogenous area has a complex history due to intense alluvial events. If artefact surveys have been helpful in studying the main trends in the evolution of settlement patterns, only a systematic geoarchaeological investigation has allowed us to better understand the physical transformations occurring in the landscape, their potential effect on the settlement suitability of the area, and the mechanisms that led to the complete reclamation of a former wetland known as Orizzonte Veggiani. About the latter, archaeobotanical analysis of seeds, fruits, and charcoal starts to help us understand its land use/land cover.
{"title":"Integrated Approaches to Understanding Complex Long-Term Reclamation Processes in the Hinterland of Ravenna (Italy)","authors":"Michele Abballe, Marco Cavalazzi, Celeste Fiorotto","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2022.2083798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2022.2083798","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, we aim to present the results of interdisciplinary research focusing on the surroundings of Lugo, a town in the hinterland of Ravenna. The area is known for the extraordinary preservation of the centuriated field system, although its ‘Roman’ origin has been rightly questioned in the last three decades. Our data show how this seemingly homogenous area has a complex history due to intense alluvial events. If artefact surveys have been helpful in studying the main trends in the evolution of settlement patterns, only a systematic geoarchaeological investigation has allowed us to better understand the physical transformations occurring in the landscape, their potential effect on the settlement suitability of the area, and the mechanisms that led to the complete reclamation of a former wetland known as Orizzonte Veggiani. About the latter, archaeobotanical analysis of seeds, fruits, and charcoal starts to help us understand its land use/land cover.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44542739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2022.2075194
Madeleine McLeester, M. Schurr, T. Martin, Joseph H. Wheeler
ABSTRACT The Kankakee River in the midcontinent of the United States was once home to one of the largest wetlands in the world, the Grand Kankakee Marsh, as well as countless smaller wetlands along its margins. Beginning in the mid nineteenth century, over 200,000 ha of the Marsh was drained along with an untold number of smaller wetlands. Yet, while wetlands were devalued in the nineteenth century, these ecosystems were prized hunting, plant collection, and horticultural grounds prior to Euro-American settlement, and are increasingly recognized for their ecosystem services today. This paper investigates the Kankakee wetlands and their use by late precolonial Indigenous communities using data compiled from a large, public archaeological project conducted at an active restoration site, Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie, in Illinois. Findings provide key floral and faunal reference data, highlight the land use strategies of this seventeenth century Native American agricultural community, and indicate increased precipitation trends favourable to the success of wetland restoration.
摘要位于美国中部大陆的坎卡基河曾经是世界上最大的湿地之一大坎卡基沼泽地的所在地，以及其边缘无数较小的湿地。从19世纪中期开始 公顷的沼泽地和数不清的小湿地一起被抽干了。然而，尽管湿地在19世纪被贬值，但在欧美定居之前，这些生态系统是珍贵的狩猎、植物采集和园艺场所，今天它们的生态系统服务越来越受到认可。本文利用在伊利诺伊州Midewin National Tallgrash Prairie的一个活跃修复地点进行的大型公共考古项目汇编的数据，调查了坎卡基湿地及其被殖民前晚期土著社区使用的情况。研究结果提供了关键的动植物参考数据，突出了这个17世纪美洲原住民农业社区的土地利用策略，并表明降水量的增加趋势有利于湿地恢复的成功。
{"title":"From Wet Lands to Dry Spaces (and Back Again): Archaeological Perspectives on the Use, Drainage, and Restoration of the Kankakee Wetlands, USA","authors":"Madeleine McLeester, M. Schurr, T. Martin, Joseph H. Wheeler","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2022.2075194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2022.2075194","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Kankakee River in the midcontinent of the United States was once home to one of the largest wetlands in the world, the Grand Kankakee Marsh, as well as countless smaller wetlands along its margins. Beginning in the mid nineteenth century, over 200,000 ha of the Marsh was drained along with an untold number of smaller wetlands. Yet, while wetlands were devalued in the nineteenth century, these ecosystems were prized hunting, plant collection, and horticultural grounds prior to Euro-American settlement, and are increasingly recognized for their ecosystem services today. This paper investigates the Kankakee wetlands and their use by late precolonial Indigenous communities using data compiled from a large, public archaeological project conducted at an active restoration site, Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie, in Illinois. Findings provide key floral and faunal reference data, highlight the land use strategies of this seventeenth century Native American agricultural community, and indicate increased precipitation trends favourable to the success of wetland restoration.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44166683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2022.2072097
T. de Haas, M. Schepers
ABSTRACT Wetland reclamation has occurred under diverse geographic and socio-political conditions. A single reclamation event however, forms only one step in the evolution of what we refer to as reclamation landscapes. This paper assesses how interacting physical geographical, cultural and biological processes shape the landscape diachronically. Using a triangular model, we compare two wetland landscapes: the Pontine marshes in central Italy, reclaimed as part of Rome’s early Imperial expansion; and the Onlanden area in the northern Netherlands, reclaimed by emergent state societies in the Middle Ages. Reclamation turned out not fully resilient from a cultural perspective in both cases, as physical geographical and biological processes continued to raise challenges in both reclamation landscapes. It is argued that the triangular model offers potential to systematically explore the drivers behind landscape evolution comparatively. A better understanding of such drivers may in turn improve current landscape management policies, including rewilding efforts.
{"title":"Wetland Reclamation and the Development of Reclamation Landscapes: A Comparative Framework","authors":"T. de Haas, M. Schepers","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2022.2072097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2022.2072097","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wetland reclamation has occurred under diverse geographic and socio-political conditions. A single reclamation event however, forms only one step in the evolution of what we refer to as reclamation landscapes. This paper assesses how interacting physical geographical, cultural and biological processes shape the landscape diachronically. Using a triangular model, we compare two wetland landscapes: the Pontine marshes in central Italy, reclaimed as part of Rome’s early Imperial expansion; and the Onlanden area in the northern Netherlands, reclaimed by emergent state societies in the Middle Ages. Reclamation turned out not fully resilient from a cultural perspective in both cases, as physical geographical and biological processes continued to raise challenges in both reclamation landscapes. It is argued that the triangular model offers potential to systematically explore the drivers behind landscape evolution comparatively. A better understanding of such drivers may in turn improve current landscape management policies, including rewilding efforts.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45778174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2022.2062138
Josu Narbarte, E. Iriarte, Aritz Diez Oronoz, J. Quirós‐Castillo
ABSTRACT Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from regularly flooded surfaces. This paper explores the role of land reclamation on the historical transformation of estuarine landscapes in the Basque coast (N Spain & SW France) during the Early Modern period (sixteenth-nineteenth centuries). Documentary sources, historical cartography, and field survey are combined to document the main social practices that have shaped polder-like landscapes. Results show that land reclamation has been the driving factor of landscape transformation in the studied areas during the Early Modern period. These processes can be related to a general trend of wetland colonisation across the Atlantic regions of Europe, with colossal social, economic and environmental repercussions. Many material traces of these transformations still exist on the ground, forming highly anthropized cultural landscapes. However, the implementation of wetland restoration projects compromises their preservation, evidencing the need for an accurate documentation of their formation and evolution.
{"title":"Landscapes of Agricultural Expansion in the Estuaries of the Basque Coast (Sixteenth-Nineteenth Centuries)","authors":"Josu Narbarte, E. Iriarte, Aritz Diez Oronoz, J. Quirós‐Castillo","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2022.2062138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2022.2062138","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from regularly flooded surfaces. This paper explores the role of land reclamation on the historical transformation of estuarine landscapes in the Basque coast (N Spain & SW France) during the Early Modern period (sixteenth-nineteenth centuries). Documentary sources, historical cartography, and field survey are combined to document the main social practices that have shaped polder-like landscapes. Results show that land reclamation has been the driving factor of landscape transformation in the studied areas during the Early Modern period. These processes can be related to a general trend of wetland colonisation across the Atlantic regions of Europe, with colossal social, economic and environmental repercussions. Many material traces of these transformations still exist on the ground, forming highly anthropized cultural landscapes. However, the implementation of wetland restoration projects compromises their preservation, evidencing the need for an accurate documentation of their formation and evolution.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46462930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1080/14732971.2022.2061783
M. Bakker
ABSTRACT Recent research into Pre-Roman Iron Age and Roman Iron Age peat reclamations in Friesland has made clear that the margins of the peat area were intensively inhabited during both periods. This same research also provided insights into the local environmental circumstances under which the settlements were founded, the shapes these settlements took, and the way they functioned in a changing landscape. Although growing problems with peat subsidence, which increased the local water table, eventually forced the settlers to leave their settlements and settle on newly reclaimed peat land, this did not necessarily mean the end for the old sites. The old reclamations silted up, which raised the land surface and reversed the effect of the subsidence, thereby, in time, making the old reclamations once again attractive for habitation. In the Late Roman Iron Age all reclaimed areas were abandoned, as were most of the salt marshes.
{"title":"The Nature and Dynamics of Pre-Roman Iron Age and Roman Iron Age Reclamation Settlements in the (Former) Peat and Clay-On-Peat Area of Friesland (The Netherlands)","authors":"M. Bakker","doi":"10.1080/14732971.2022.2061783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14732971.2022.2061783","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent research into Pre-Roman Iron Age and Roman Iron Age peat reclamations in Friesland has made clear that the margins of the peat area were intensively inhabited during both periods. This same research also provided insights into the local environmental circumstances under which the settlements were founded, the shapes these settlements took, and the way they functioned in a changing landscape. Although growing problems with peat subsidence, which increased the local water table, eventually forced the settlers to leave their settlements and settle on newly reclaimed peat land, this did not necessarily mean the end for the old sites. The old reclamations silted up, which raised the land surface and reversed the effect of the subsidence, thereby, in time, making the old reclamations once again attractive for habitation. In the Late Roman Iron Age all reclaimed areas were abandoned, as were most of the salt marshes.","PeriodicalId":37928,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wetland Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44708537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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