Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6122941
Liqiong Sun, Li Yu, Zhiyuan Liu, Jianhua Wang, Yingsan Geng
A vacuum interrupter reaches its interruption limit once high-current anode phenomena occur. It is well-known that contact diameter, contact material, and magnetic field have a significant influence on high-current anode phenomena formation. However, an opening displacement characteristic of movable contact is another contribution for an anode spot formation. The objective of this paper is to propose an opening displacement characteristic for a vacuum interrupter to avoid a formation of high-current anode phenomena. The anode phenomena were observed by using high speed CCD camera. The vacuum interrupters were used in the experiments, which had a glass envelope and there was no stainless shield installed. The diameters of butt type contacts were 12 mm and 25 mm, respectively. The average opening velocities during 10ms after contacts separated were ranged from 1.1m/s to 2.0m/s. And arcing time was adjusted from 2ms to 10ms with a fixed velocity and peak arc current. The results showed that in an anode diagram for each vacuum interrupter, an arcing curve can be obtained, which avoids the regions of intense arc mode and anode spot mode. And this arcing curve corresponds to an opening displacement curve of vacuum interrupter. With the proposed opening displacement curve, high-current anode phenomena will not occur, which has a positive impact on the interrupting performance of the vacuum interrupter.
{"title":"An opening displacement characteristic determined by high-current anode phenomena of vacuum interrupter","authors":"Liqiong Sun, Li Yu, Zhiyuan Liu, Jianhua Wang, Yingsan Geng","doi":"10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6122941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6122941","url":null,"abstract":"A vacuum interrupter reaches its interruption limit once high-current anode phenomena occur. It is well-known that contact diameter, contact material, and magnetic field have a significant influence on high-current anode phenomena formation. However, an opening displacement characteristic of movable contact is another contribution for an anode spot formation. The objective of this paper is to propose an opening displacement characteristic for a vacuum interrupter to avoid a formation of high-current anode phenomena. The anode phenomena were observed by using high speed CCD camera. The vacuum interrupters were used in the experiments, which had a glass envelope and there was no stainless shield installed. The diameters of butt type contacts were 12 mm and 25 mm, respectively. The average opening velocities during 10ms after contacts separated were ranged from 1.1m/s to 2.0m/s. And arcing time was adjusted from 2ms to 10ms with a fixed velocity and peak arc current. The results showed that in an anode diagram for each vacuum interrupter, an arcing curve can be obtained, which avoids the regions of intense arc mode and anode spot mode. And this arcing curve corresponds to an opening displacement curve of vacuum interrupter. With the proposed opening displacement curve, high-current anode phenomena will not occur, which has a positive impact on the interrupting performance of the vacuum interrupter.","PeriodicalId":379448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133789982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123024
Zhenjun Ma
The electronic control circuit of each thyristor control unit (TCU) in thyristor valves for Three Gorges-Shanghai HVDC Power Transmission Project can not only control and detect the thyristor level, but also has the function of both normal protective firing (PF) and recovery protective firing (RP). Some problems on circuit design of recovery protective firing are discussed here.
{"title":"Some points on protective firing for HVDC thyristor value","authors":"Zhenjun Ma","doi":"10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123024","url":null,"abstract":"The electronic control circuit of each thyristor control unit (TCU) in thyristor valves for Three Gorges-Shanghai HVDC Power Transmission Project can not only control and detect the thyristor level, but also has the function of both normal protective firing (PF) and recovery protective firing (RP). Some problems on circuit design of recovery protective firing are discussed here.","PeriodicalId":379448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131664982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6122998
L. Hua, Yang Likui, Li Lingling, Huang Shanshan, He Pengju
According to the neutral point of arc extinction coil grounding system can't very well compensated the permanent earthing failure of current shortcomings, a kind of new arc extinction coil was designed. When the power failed, the microcomputer controled the fine-tuning of the arc extinction coil and paralleled into the coarse arc suppression coil, Adjusting the fine-tuning arc suppression coil, and made the whole arc extinction coil all work in the full compensation state, thus effectively extinguished the electric arc. Through the matlab Simulations, We tested the maximum measurement error of the detuning degree is 0.64%, the earth capacitance and capacitance current of the maximum error is no more than 1%, and it can effectively extinguish more than 85% of the instantaneous electric arc.
{"title":"The research of a new arc suppression coil","authors":"L. Hua, Yang Likui, Li Lingling, Huang Shanshan, He Pengju","doi":"10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6122998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6122998","url":null,"abstract":"According to the neutral point of arc extinction coil grounding system can't very well compensated the permanent earthing failure of current shortcomings, a kind of new arc extinction coil was designed. When the power failed, the microcomputer controled the fine-tuning of the arc extinction coil and paralleled into the coarse arc suppression coil, Adjusting the fine-tuning arc suppression coil, and made the whole arc extinction coil all work in the full compensation state, thus effectively extinguished the electric arc. Through the matlab Simulations, We tested the maximum measurement error of the detuning degree is 0.64%, the earth capacitance and capacitance current of the maximum error is no more than 1%, and it can effectively extinguish more than 85% of the instantaneous electric arc.","PeriodicalId":379448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134350885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6122972
Jinglin Xie, B. Miao
The composition and bonding energy of Te segregation in Cu-30Cr-0.01Te alloy contact material were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photoelectron patterns from the main chemical elements of Cu, Cr and Te on the fresh fracture surface of Cu-30Cr-0.01Te alloy contact material show that Te atoms highly segregated at the interface of Cu/Cr phases, thus the structure and property of the interface between Cu/Cr phases were changed and led to reduce the tensile strength and increase anti-welding property of the contact material.
{"title":"Detection of micro-Te segregation at the interface of Cu/Cr phases in Cu-30Cr-0.01Te alloy contact material by XPS","authors":"Jinglin Xie, B. Miao","doi":"10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6122972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6122972","url":null,"abstract":"The composition and bonding energy of Te segregation in Cu-30Cr-0.01Te alloy contact material were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Photoelectron patterns from the main chemical elements of Cu, Cr and Te on the fresh fracture surface of Cu-30Cr-0.01Te alloy contact material show that Te atoms highly segregated at the interface of Cu/Cr phases, thus the structure and property of the interface between Cu/Cr phases were changed and led to reduce the tensile strength and increase anti-welding property of the contact material.","PeriodicalId":379448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134132851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123001
H. Anji, Y. Sato, D. Saruhashi, S. Yanabu, T. Akasu, N. Takao
The fault current for large-scale power systems is higher than normal and interception using a current breaker can thus be difficult. To address this problem, power system reorganization and circuit breaker upgrades can be considered. However, existing systems could be operated by introducing a superconducting fault current limiter. We conducted research on a simple structure comprising YBCO superconducting thin films with a focus on S/N transition-type fault current limiters. Such devices could facilitate stable operation of large-scale electricity systems. In this study, we investigated the opening speed of the vacuum interrupter and the recovery time of the superconducting element.
{"title":"Realization study of superconducting fault current limiter","authors":"H. Anji, Y. Sato, D. Saruhashi, S. Yanabu, T. Akasu, N. Takao","doi":"10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123001","url":null,"abstract":"The fault current for large-scale power systems is higher than normal and interception using a current breaker can thus be difficult. To address this problem, power system reorganization and circuit breaker upgrades can be considered. However, existing systems could be operated by introducing a superconducting fault current limiter. We conducted research on a simple structure comprising YBCO superconducting thin films with a focus on S/N transition-type fault current limiters. Such devices could facilitate stable operation of large-scale electricity systems. In this study, we investigated the opening speed of the vacuum interrupter and the recovery time of the superconducting element.","PeriodicalId":379448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133664838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123162
Hui Lichuan, Chen Zhonghua, G. Fengyi
As in Catenary-Pantograph system, the amount of wear caused by the sliding contact is affected by the contact force. When the load is smaller, there will be erosion resistance wear; at the other hands, there will be mechanism wear when the load is bigger. So some experiments using carbon sliding panel infiltrated with copper have been taken to find the relationship between the load and wear. In these experiments, there were a lot of data at the condition of different values of current and velocity. And then the data will be trained using the Bp neural-network method, whose input is the load and output is the wear data. Also black-box model should be validated using the other data. Base on this, an optimize arithmetic will be designed on the black-box model to find the best value of the load, and that will make the wear minimal.
{"title":"Study of the load on best value based on the minimum wear in sliding electric contact system","authors":"Hui Lichuan, Chen Zhonghua, G. Fengyi","doi":"10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123162","url":null,"abstract":"As in Catenary-Pantograph system, the amount of wear caused by the sliding contact is affected by the contact force. When the load is smaller, there will be erosion resistance wear; at the other hands, there will be mechanism wear when the load is bigger. So some experiments using carbon sliding panel infiltrated with copper have been taken to find the relationship between the load and wear. In these experiments, there were a lot of data at the condition of different values of current and velocity. And then the data will be trained using the Bp neural-network method, whose input is the load and output is the wear data. Also black-box model should be validated using the other data. Base on this, an optimize arithmetic will be designed on the black-box model to find the best value of the load, and that will make the wear minimal.","PeriodicalId":379448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122442417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123019
H. Ohashi
Effective and efficient use of electrical power will become more important for coming highly electrified society. In the highly electrified society, power electronics will become essential means for processing electrical power effectively. Power semiconductor devices (power devices) are key components of power electronics as one of typical switching technologies in electrical engineering. Power device history and future advanced power devices are discussed focusing on high voltage and high current power devices.
{"title":"High voltage high current semiconductor devices and its new application-future power electronics possibilities for social infrastructure","authors":"H. Ohashi","doi":"10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123019","url":null,"abstract":"Effective and efficient use of electrical power will become more important for coming highly electrified society. In the highly electrified society, power electronics will become essential means for processing electrical power effectively. Power semiconductor devices (power devices) are key components of power electronics as one of typical switching technologies in electrical engineering. Power device history and future advanced power devices are discussed focusing on high voltage and high current power devices.","PeriodicalId":379448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115885544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123050
Jiajuan Wu, Peng Wang
Singularity switch circuit is a kind of special circuits in electric circuit theory. In this circuit, singularity functions are useful as good approximations to the switching quantities with switching operations. At present, the dissipated energy in this circuit can be calculated directly by circuit's fundamental quantities but there is a limitation when using electric circuit theory to explain how and where this energy loss is. In this paper, another analyzing method of energy loss is introduced, based on the electromagnetic theory (EM theory) with the combination of gaseous electrical conductance knowledge and some measurable electric parameters. The result equals to that obtained through electric circuit theory. This reveals the way that energy disperses and promotes further combination between electric circuit theory and EM theory in the field of power electronics. At the end of this paper, simulating graphs about the distribution of EM field related to energy loss are given.
{"title":"Research on energy loss in idealistic singularity switch circuit with contacts","authors":"Jiajuan Wu, Peng Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123050","url":null,"abstract":"Singularity switch circuit is a kind of special circuits in electric circuit theory. In this circuit, singularity functions are useful as good approximations to the switching quantities with switching operations. At present, the dissipated energy in this circuit can be calculated directly by circuit's fundamental quantities but there is a limitation when using electric circuit theory to explain how and where this energy loss is. In this paper, another analyzing method of energy loss is introduced, based on the electromagnetic theory (EM theory) with the combination of gaseous electrical conductance knowledge and some measurable electric parameters. The result equals to that obtained through electric circuit theory. This reveals the way that energy disperses and promotes further combination between electric circuit theory and EM theory in the field of power electronics. At the end of this paper, simulating graphs about the distribution of EM field related to energy loss are given.","PeriodicalId":379448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116029393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6122953
Yundong Cao, Shu Wang, Jing Li, Zhiming Qi
A 252kV single-break SF6 circuit breaker is taken as the investigation model in this paper and 3D numerical calculation model of traditional no-blade nozzle and novel blade nozzle are presented based on 3D N-S equations. By simulating, influences of gas flow on arc during the arc extinguishing process of the two type nozzles have been researched using finite volume method (FVM). Arc extinction performance has been judged by comparison temperature, pressure and velocity vector of blade nozzle under different opening load. And the variation regular of energy is acquired by analyzing the maximum sections energy. Research indicates that blade nozzle can control gas flow movement effectively, accelerate arc energy dissipation, and benefit for the interruption of circuit breaker.
{"title":"Research on rotary-gas high voltage SF6 circuit breaker with novel blade nozzle Part III: Arc behavior research","authors":"Yundong Cao, Shu Wang, Jing Li, Zhiming Qi","doi":"10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6122953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6122953","url":null,"abstract":"A 252kV single-break SF6 circuit breaker is taken as the investigation model in this paper and 3D numerical calculation model of traditional no-blade nozzle and novel blade nozzle are presented based on 3D N-S equations. By simulating, influences of gas flow on arc during the arc extinguishing process of the two type nozzles have been researched using finite volume method (FVM). Arc extinction performance has been judged by comparison temperature, pressure and velocity vector of blade nozzle under different opening load. And the variation regular of energy is acquired by analyzing the maximum sections energy. Research indicates that blade nozzle can control gas flow movement effectively, accelerate arc energy dissipation, and benefit for the interruption of circuit breaker.","PeriodicalId":379448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115277116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123043
Peng Sun, R. Xie
The three dimensional magnetohydro dynamic (MHD) model of vacuum arc was obtained based on two-fluid model of ion and electron and Maxwell equation. In the MHD model, mass conservation equation, momentum conservation equations, energy conservation equations of ion and electron, voltage equations and magnetic equations were considered. Characteristics of large-current vacuum arc were simulated and analyzed through computing fluid dynamic(CFD) software FLUENT and Re-developmented visual c++. And the formation mechanism of the following plasma parameters distribution, such as plasma density, axial current density, plasma velocity, Mach number, ion temperature, electron temperature, ion pressure, plasma pressure was analyzed. The simulation results shown that the maximal plasma pressure and plasma density of vacuum arc appears near the cathode side, but the minimum plasma velocity and Mach number of vacuum arc appears there.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of large-current vacuum arc plasma","authors":"Peng Sun, R. Xie","doi":"10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPE-ST.2011.6123043","url":null,"abstract":"The three dimensional magnetohydro dynamic (MHD) model of vacuum arc was obtained based on two-fluid model of ion and electron and Maxwell equation. In the MHD model, mass conservation equation, momentum conservation equations, energy conservation equations of ion and electron, voltage equations and magnetic equations were considered. Characteristics of large-current vacuum arc were simulated and analyzed through computing fluid dynamic(CFD) software FLUENT and Re-developmented visual c++. And the formation mechanism of the following plasma parameters distribution, such as plasma density, axial current density, plasma velocity, Mach number, ion temperature, electron temperature, ion pressure, plasma pressure was analyzed. The simulation results shown that the maximal plasma pressure and plasma density of vacuum arc appears near the cathode side, but the minimum plasma velocity and Mach number of vacuum arc appears there.","PeriodicalId":379448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121375029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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