This study investigates the chemodiversity and adaptive potential of two Indian bryophytes, Dumortiera hirsuta (liverwort) and Leucophanes glaucum (moss), using comprehensive metabolomic approaches. Both species, collected from diverse terrestrial habitats, were analyzed for phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and metabolite profiles. Untargeted metabolomics, employing GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) and UHPLC-QTOF-IMS (Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupols Time-of-Flight Ion Mobility Spectrometry), revealed significant compositional differences. GC-MS revealed distinct fatty acids, terpenoids, and steroids, with unique compounds like δ-elemene in D. hirsuta and eugenol/neoclovene in L. glaucum. UHPLC-QTOF-IMS showed 115 unique metabolites in D. hirsuta and 97 in L. glaucum, encompassing both primary and secondary metabolites. KEGG pathway analysis highlighted species-specific adaptations: D. hirsuta showed enrichment in sphingolipid metabolism and diterpenoid biosynthesis, linked to development and resistance, while L. glaucum exhibited enrichment in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, associated with oxidative tolerance. This research provides valuable insights into bryophyte metabolite diversity and their capacity to adapt to environmental stressors, crucial in the context of global climate change.
{"title":"Metabolomic profiling of Indian bryophytes: Unveiling chemodiversity in Dumortiera hirsuta and Leucophanes glaucum","authors":"Reetu Singh , Varnika Rana , Adarsh Kumar , Pherkop Mossang , Thient Thient Tun , Narendra Sharma , Sonali Raj , Heikham Evelin , Vinay Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the chemodiversity and adaptive potential of two Indian bryophytes, <em>Dumortiera hirsuta</em> (liverwort) and <em>Leucophanes glaucum</em> (moss), using comprehensive metabolomic approaches. Both species, collected from diverse terrestrial habitats, were analyzed for phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and metabolite profiles. Untargeted metabolomics, employing GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) and UHPLC-QTOF-IMS (Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupols Time-of-Flight Ion Mobility Spectrometry), revealed significant compositional differences. GC-MS revealed distinct fatty acids, terpenoids, and steroids, with unique compounds like δ-elemene in <em>D. hirsuta</em> and eugenol/neoclovene in <em>L. glaucum</em>. UHPLC-QTOF-IMS showed 115 unique metabolites in <em>D. hirsuta</em> and 97 in <em>L. glaucum</em>, encompassing both primary and secondary metabolites. KEGG pathway analysis highlighted species-specific adaptations: <em>D. hirsuta</em> showed enrichment in sphingolipid metabolism and diterpenoid biosynthesis, linked to development and resistance, while <em>L. glaucum</em> exhibited enrichment in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, associated with oxidative tolerance. This research provides valuable insights into bryophyte metabolite diversity and their capacity to adapt to environmental stressors, crucial in the context of global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 96-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2025.04.003
Hoang Danh Nguyen, Mai Thanh Luc, Minh Thiet Vu
Ixora finlaysoniana, a shrub and small tree found in pantropical rain forests, is a member of the tribe Ixoreae (subfamily Ixoroideae, family Rubiaceae). However, genetic information on the genus Ixora, particularly its chloroplast (cp) genomes, remains poorly known, which hinders our understanding of the evolution of the species. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete cp genome of I. finlaysoniana and conducted the comparative analyses with other species in the Ixoroideae subfamily. The I. finlaysoniana cp genome was 154,869 bp in length and contained 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and four ribosomal RNA genes. Comparative analysis of eight Ixoroideae cp genomes revealed high conversion in genome structure, gene content, and inverted repeats/single-copy junctions, with five divergent hotspot regions (matK-rps16, rps16-psbK, psbE-petG, ndhF, and ycf1) identified as potential molecular markers. The phylogenetic analyses based on 79 protein-coding genes revealed that Ixora species form a distinct monophyletic group, with I. finlaysoniana showing the closest relationship to Ixora hookeri. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of I. finlaysoniana cp genome, providing a valuable resource for future research on species identification, population genetics, and the evolutionary relationships between I. finlaysoniana and other members of the Rubiaceae family.
{"title":"Complete chloroplast genome of Ixora finlaysoniana: comparative analysis and phylogenetic insights into Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae)","authors":"Hoang Danh Nguyen, Mai Thanh Luc, Minh Thiet Vu","doi":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ixora finlaysoniana</em>, a shrub and small tree found in pantropical rain forests, is a member of the tribe Ixoreae (subfamily Ixoroideae, family Rubiaceae). However, genetic information on the genus <em>Ixora</em>, particularly its chloroplast (cp) genomes, remains poorly known, which hinders our understanding of the evolution of the species. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete cp genome of <em>I. finlaysoniana</em> and conducted the comparative analyses with other species in the Ixoroideae subfamily. The <em>I. finlaysoniana</em> cp genome was 154,869 bp in length and contained 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and four ribosomal RNA genes. Comparative analysis of eight Ixoroideae cp genomes revealed high conversion in genome structure, gene content, and inverted repeats/single-copy junctions, with five divergent hotspot regions (<em>matK-rps16, rps1</em>6-psbK<em>, psbE-petG, ndhF,</em> and <em>ycf1</em>) identified as potential molecular markers. The phylogenetic analyses based on 79 protein-coding genes revealed that <em>Ixora</em> species form a distinct monophyletic group, with <em>I. finlaysoniana</em> showing the closest relationship to <em>Ixora hookeri</em>. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of <em>I. finlaysoniana</em> cp genome, providing a valuable resource for future research on species identification, population genetics, and the evolutionary relationships between <em>I. finlaysoniana</em> and other members of the Rubiaceae family.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2025.04.009
Jae-Ho Ko , Yeong–Bin Cha , Tak-Gi Lee , Austin Albert , Ulziijargal Bayarsaikhan
Nine species of Crambidae are reported for the first time from the Federated States of Micronesia: Glyphodes multilinealis Kenrick, 1907, Diaphania indica (Saunders, 1851), Maruca vitrata (Fabricius, 1787), Sameodes cancellalis (Zeller, 1852), Omiodes diemenalis (Guenée 1854), Piletocera signiferalis (Wallengren, 1860), Tatobotys biannulalis (Walker 1866), Marasmia poeyalis (Boisduval, 1833), and Hyalobathra paupellalis (Lederer, 1863). The illustrations of adults and genitalia of all examined species are provided.
{"title":"Nine newly recorded species of Crambidae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) from Kosrae Island, Federated States of Micronesia","authors":"Jae-Ho Ko , Yeong–Bin Cha , Tak-Gi Lee , Austin Albert , Ulziijargal Bayarsaikhan","doi":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nine species of Crambidae are reported for the first time from the Federated States of Micronesia: <em>Glyphodes multilinealis</em> Kenrick, 1907, <em>Diaphania indica</em> (Saunders, 1851), <em>Maruca vitrata</em> (Fabricius, 1787), <em>Sameodes cancellalis</em> (Zeller, 1852), <em>Omiodes diemenalis</em> (Guenée 1854), <em>Piletocera signiferalis</em> (Wallengren, 1860), <em>Tatobotys biannulalis</em> (Walker 1866), <em>Marasmia poeyalis</em> (Boisduval, 1833), and <em>Hyalobathra paupellalis</em> (Lederer, 1863). The illustrations of adults and genitalia of all examined species are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2025.09.006
Hyun-Young Nam , Yun-Sun Lee , Hwayeon Kang , Seyoung Park , Seulgi Seo , Jongbin Go , Tuvshinjargal Erdenechimeg , Nyambayar Batbayar , Wee-Haeng Hur , Chang-Yong Choi
The red plumage coloration in birds, derived from the metabolic transformation of dietary yellow carotenoids, is thought to be influenced by both environmental conditions and individual body conditions. Here, we document the first recorded case of a Common Rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) exhibiting extreme yellow plumage and quantify its coloration using reflectance spectrometry and Raman spectrometry. We compared this unique plumage with the typical range observed in adult males, which spans shades of red to orange and occasionally includes pale yellow patches. Our study revealed distinct differences in reflectance curves and Raman peak wavenumbers between the yellow feathers of the study individual and those of typical plumage. We deliberated upon several potential explanations for this pronounced yellow coloration, described for the first time in this species: 1) Disruption of keto-carotenoid production by genetic mutation; 2) dietary carotenoid limitation in the birds’ habitat, which results in significant but potentially temporary yellow plumage within annual coloration fluctuations; 3) a lack of strong sexual selection for red coloration in this species. Further observations and investigations are needed to evaluate the ecological and physiological bases of color expression in the Common Rosefinch.
{"title":"Quantification of unusual carotenoid coloration in a male Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus","authors":"Hyun-Young Nam , Yun-Sun Lee , Hwayeon Kang , Seyoung Park , Seulgi Seo , Jongbin Go , Tuvshinjargal Erdenechimeg , Nyambayar Batbayar , Wee-Haeng Hur , Chang-Yong Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The red plumage coloration in birds, derived from the metabolic transformation of dietary yellow carotenoids, is thought to be influenced by both environmental conditions and individual body conditions. Here, we document the first recorded case of a Common Rosefinch (<em>Carpodacus erythrinus</em>) exhibiting extreme yellow plumage and quantify its coloration using reflectance spectrometry and Raman spectrometry. We compared this unique plumage with the typical range observed in adult males, which spans shades of red to orange and occasionally includes pale yellow patches. Our study revealed distinct differences in reflectance curves and Raman peak wavenumbers between the yellow feathers of the study individual and those of typical plumage. We deliberated upon several potential explanations for this pronounced yellow coloration, described for the first time in this species: 1) Disruption of keto-carotenoid production by genetic mutation; 2) dietary carotenoid limitation in the birds’ habitat, which results in significant but potentially temporary yellow plumage within annual coloration fluctuations; 3) a lack of strong sexual selection for red coloration in this species. Further observations and investigations are needed to evaluate the ecological and physiological bases of color expression in the Common Rosefinch.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 164-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147427174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2025.08.007
Yeong-bin Cha , Uljijargal Bayarsaikhan , Jae-Ho Ko , Tak-Gi Lee , Chang-Moon Jang , Hanul Kim , Jeong-Nam Kim , Seokhoon Choi , Yang-Seop Bae
The present paper contains three species newly recorded from Palawan Island, Philippines: Nola innocua Butler, 1880, Nola mondolkiri László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2014, and Cornuanola alces László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2013. While C. alces has been recorded from Cambodia and China, N. innocua and N. mondolkiri were previously known only from their type localities. These represent the first records of these species from the Philippines, expanding their known distribution ranges. Illustrations of adult morphology and genitalia are also provided.
{"title":"Three new records of Nolinae in the Philippines, Palawan (Lepidoptera, Nolidae)","authors":"Yeong-bin Cha , Uljijargal Bayarsaikhan , Jae-Ho Ko , Tak-Gi Lee , Chang-Moon Jang , Hanul Kim , Jeong-Nam Kim , Seokhoon Choi , Yang-Seop Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present paper contains three species newly recorded from Palawan Island, Philippines: <em>Nola innocua</em> Butler, 1880, <em>Nola mondolkiri</em> László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2014, and <em>Cornuanola alces</em> László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2013. While <em>C. alces</em> has been recorded from Cambodia and China, <em>N. innocua</em> and <em>N. mondolkiri</em> were previously known only from their type localities. These represent the first records of these species from the Philippines, expanding their known distribution ranges. Illustrations of adult morphology and genitalia are also provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 143-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DNA sequence data of full chloroplast genomes provide various genetic information and contribute to clarifying the evolutionary relationships among species and expands the understanding of plant diversity. This study presents the first complete chloroplast genome sequences of Lagochilus vvedenskyi and Lagochilus seravschanicus, two endemic species from Uzbekistan, and provides a comparative genomic analysis with Lagochilus ilicifolius. The circular chloroplast genomes exhibited the typical quadripartite structure, with sizes ranging from 151,159 to 151,500 bp, and contained 133 annotated genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Comparative analysis revealed highly conserved genome structures among the species, although minor differences were observed at the inverted repeat boundary regions. The GC content across the genomes was 38.6%, with higher GC proportions within the inverted repeat regions. A total of 212–216 simple sequence repeats were detected with mononucleotide A/T repeats being dominant, the predominantly location was found in the large single-copy region. A total of 50 long repeat sequences containing forward, palindromic, reverse repeats were identified, predominantly 20–29 bp in size. Codon usage analysis showed similar patterns among the species, with a preference for codons ending in A or U. Sliding window analysis of nucleotide diversity (Pi) detected six highly variable regions (matK-rps16, rps16-psbK, trnT-psbD, trnL- trnF, rpl32-trnL, and ycf1), proposed as potential molecular markers for future phylogenetic and conservation studies. Phylogenetic analyses based on 24 Lamiaceae chloroplast genomes confirmed the close relationship of Lagochilus species with Leonurus and Phlomoides, supporting their classification within the tribe Leonureae. This study provides new genetic information for Lagochilus and contributes valuable insights into the evolution and taxonomy of the Lamiaceae family.
{"title":"Complete chloroplast genomes and comparative analyses of two species of Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) in Uzbekistan","authors":"Elena Nikitina , Shoxsanam Safarova , Shakhnoza Siddikova , Sarviniso Muzafarova , Mokhistara Sharipova , Ergashali Ruzimatov , Ziyoviddin Yusupov","doi":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA sequence data of full chloroplast genomes provide various genetic information and contribute to clarifying the evolutionary relationships among species and expands the understanding of plant diversity. This study presents the first complete chloroplast genome sequences of <em>Lagochilus vvedenskyi</em> and <em>Lagochilus seravschanicus</em>, two endemic species from Uzbekistan, and provides a comparative genomic analysis with <em>Lagochilus ilicifolius</em>. The circular chloroplast genomes exhibited the typical quadripartite structure, with sizes ranging from 151,159 to 151,500 bp, and contained 133 annotated genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Comparative analysis revealed highly conserved genome structures among the species, although minor differences were observed at the inverted repeat boundary regions. The GC content across the genomes was 38.6%, with higher GC proportions within the inverted repeat regions. A total of 212–216 simple sequence repeats were detected with mononucleotide A/T repeats being dominant, the predominantly location was found in the large single-copy region. A total of 50 long repeat sequences containing forward, palindromic, reverse repeats were identified, predominantly 20–29 bp in size. Codon usage analysis showed similar patterns among the species, with a preference for codons ending in A or U. Sliding window analysis of nucleotide diversity (Pi) detected six highly variable regions (<em>matK-rps16</em>, <em>rps1</em>6-psbK, <em>trnT-psbD</em>, <em>trnL- trnF</em>, <em>rpl32-trnL</em>, and <em>ycf1</em>), proposed as potential molecular markers for future phylogenetic and conservation studies. Phylogenetic analyses based on 24 Lamiaceae chloroplast genomes confirmed the close relationship of <em>Lagochilus</em> species with <em>Leonurus</em> and <em>Phlomoides</em>, supporting their classification within the tribe Leonureae. This study provides new genetic information for <em>Lagochilus</em> and contributes valuable insights into the evolution and taxonomy of the Lamiaceae family.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 37-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2025.07.003
Elena Nikitina, Bobur Karimov, Umida Tojiboeva
In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of Ajuga turkestanica, a perennial medicinally important herbal plant endemic in Uzbekistan, is first reported. The next-generation DNA sequencing technology was applied, providing comprehensive and valuable accurate genetic information on the cp genome sequences of A. turkestanica, that facilitates species identification for its natural conservation and phylogenetic relationships within the genus-level, as well as at the tribal, subfamily, family levels. The whole cp genome of A. turkestanica is 150,719 bp in length, and includes a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (IRa and IRb, each of 25,441 bp), separated by a small single-copy (SSC, 17,335 bp) region and a large single-copy (LSC, 82,502 bp) region. The cp genome contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. The guanine-cytosine (GC) content is 38.2%. The repeat structure analysis detected 227 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), including the largest number of mononucleotides (127), dinucleotides (30), trinucleotides (58), tetranucleotides (11), and pentanucleotide (1) in A. turkestanica cp genome. The sequence divergence analyses found seven prominent divergent regions: rps16–trnQ-UUG, trnT-UGU–trnL-UAA, ndhC– trnV-UAC, ndhF– rpl32, ndhE– ndhG, ndhF, ycf1, exhibiting a high variation level with nucleotide diversity exceeding >0.013 (Pi). The cp genome structure analysis at the four genomic boundary regions (LSC/IRa, LSC/IRb, SSC/IRa, and SSC/IRb) across Ajugoideae species showed dynamic changes. The phylogenetic analysis of 38 Lamiaceae species based on utilizing cp genomes effectively enhanced phylogenetic resolution. The results clearly prove the belonging A. turkestanica to the genus Ajuga within tribe Ajugeae tribe. The situation of A. turkestanica suggests genetic isolation within the Ajuga genus due to high level of endemism. The complete cp genomes can be used as a super-barcode to identify Ajuga species.
{"title":"Complete chloroplast genome of the medicinally important plant Ajuga turkestanica (Regel) Briq. (Lamiaceae) from Uzbekistan","authors":"Elena Nikitina, Bobur Karimov, Umida Tojiboeva","doi":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of <em>Ajuga turkestanica,</em> a perennial medicinally important herbal plant endemic in Uzbekistan, is first reported. The next-generation DNA sequencing technology was applied, providing comprehensive and valuable accurate genetic information on the cp genome sequences of <em>A. turkestanica</em>, that facilitates species identification for its natural conservation and phylogenetic relationships within the genus-level, as well as at the tribal, subfamily, family levels. The whole cp genome of <em>A. turkestanica</em> is 150,719 bp in length, and includes a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (IRa and IRb, each of 25,441 bp), separated by a small single-copy (SSC, 17,335 bp) region and a large single-copy (LSC, 82,502 bp) region. The cp genome contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. The guanine-cytosine (GC) content is 38.2%. The repeat structure analysis detected 227 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), including the largest number of mononucleotides (127), dinucleotides (30), trinucleotides (58), tetranucleotides (11), and pentanucleotide (1) in <em>A. turkestanica</em> cp genome. The sequence divergence analyses found seven prominent divergent regions: <em>rps16–trnQ-UUG</em>, <em>trnT-UGU–trnL-UAA, ndhC– trnV-UAC, ndhF– rpl32, ndhE– ndhG, ndhF, ycf1,</em> exhibiting a high variation level with nucleotide diversity exceeding >0.013 (Pi). The cp genome structure analysis at the four genomic boundary regions (LSC/IRa, LSC/IRb, SSC/IRa, and SSC/IRb) across Ajugoideae species showed dynamic changes. The phylogenetic analysis of 38 <em>Lamiaceae</em> species based on utilizing cp genomes effectively enhanced phylogenetic resolution. The results clearly prove the belonging <em>A. turkestanica</em> to the genus <em>Ajuga</em> within tribe Ajugeae tribe. The situation of <em>A. turkestanica</em> suggests genetic isolation within the <em>Ajuga</em> genus due to high level of endemism. The complete cp genomes can be used as a super-barcode to identify <em>Ajuga</em> species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 117-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examined morphological and phylogenetic relationships of the bush frog species Raorchestes kempiae and two other species described from within its distribution range: Philautus namdaphaensis from Arunachal Pradesh and R. manipurensis from Manipur. A short fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene was used to assess their phylogenetic relationships. All sequenced specimens, including material from near the type localities of Raorchestes kempiae, Philautus namdaphaensis, and R. manipurensis, were genetically similar, with pairwise uncorrected distances of ≤0.5% in the 16S rRNA gene. Raorchestes kempiae (Boulenger 1919), is the first available nomen for this taxon; therefore, we propose to treat Philautus namdaphaensis (Sarkar and Sanyal 1985) syn. nov. and Raorchestes manipurensis (Mathew and Sen 2009) syn. nov. as junior subjective synonyms of this nomen. This study presents a novel case of remarkable genetic homogeneity across a vast range (Extent of Occurrence: 210,677.79 km2), which is uncommon among members of this genus. Based on the findings here, following the previous work, we also recommend reclassifying it from Critically Endangered to Least Concern.
曼尼普尔的manipurensis。使用线粒体16S rRNA基因的短片段来评估它们的系统发育关系。所有测序标本，包括来自Raorchestes kempiae、Philautus namdaphaensis和R. manipurensis类型位点附近的材料，在基因上是相似的，在16S rRNA基因上的成对未校正距离≤0.5%。Raorchestes kempiae （Boulenger 1919）是该分类群的第一个可用的雌虫；因此，我们建议将Philautus namdaphaensis (Sarkar and Sanyal 1985) syn. 11和Raorchestes manipurensis (Mathew and Sen 2009) syn. 11视为该名词的初级主观同义词。本研究提出了一个在大范围内显著的遗传同质性的新案例（发生范围：210,677.79 km2），这在该属的成员中是不常见的。在此基础上，我们还建议将其从“极度濒危”重新分类为“最不受关注”。
{"title":"A bush frog with multiple names: New populations of Raorchestes kempiae (Boulenger, 1919) and reassessment of the taxonomic status of Philautus namdaphaensis (Sarkar and Sanyal, 1985) and Raorchestes manipurensis (Mathew and Sen, 2009)","authors":"Ravi Shanthy Naveen , Kirty Prosad Nath , Hmar Tlawmte Lalremsanga , Kaushik Deuti , Ht Decemson , Lal Muansanga , Mathipi Vabeiryureilai , Fanai Malsawmdawngliana , Holiness Warjri , Jayaditya Purkayastha","doi":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined morphological and phylogenetic relationships of the bush frog species <em>Raorchestes kempiae</em> and two other species described from within its distribution range: <em>Philautus namdaphaensis</em> from Arunachal Pradesh and <em>R. manipurensis</em> from Manipur. A short fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene was used to assess their phylogenetic relationships. All sequenced specimens, including material from near the type localities of <em>Raorchestes kempiae</em>, <em>Philautus namdaphaensis</em>, and <em>R. manipurensis</em>, were genetically similar, with pairwise uncorrected distances of ≤0.5% in the 16S rRNA gene. <em>Raorchestes kempiae</em> (Boulenger 1919), is the first available nomen for this taxon; therefore, we propose to treat <em>Philautus namdaphaensis</em> (Sarkar and Sanyal 1985) syn. nov. and <em>Raorchestes manipurensis</em> (Mathew and Sen 2009) syn. nov. as junior subjective synonyms of this nomen. This study presents a novel case of remarkable genetic homogeneity across a vast range (Extent of Occurrence: 210,677.79 km<sup>2</sup>), which is uncommon among members of this genus. Based on the findings here, following the previous work, we also recommend reclassifying it from Critically Endangered to Least Concern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2025.06.006
Shahnawaz Ahmad Khatana , Mohd Arif , Parvaiz Yousuf
House crows, known for their adaptability, thrive in urban settings by exploiting anthropogenic food sources. We explored the feeding dynamics of house crows (Corvus splendens) in the unique high-altitude urban environment of Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Our research, conducted from July 2023 to February 2024, involved comprehensive field observations across diverse urban and semi-natural landscapes, examining the crows' dietary patterns, feeding behaviors, and group dynamics. Results indicate that house crows predominantly forage in small to medium-sized groups, with larger groups observed less frequently. These smaller groups often engage in opportunistic feeding behaviors, and prefer kitchen waste and slaughterhouse remains, which are abundant and energy-rich. Interestingly, smaller groups also showed dietary diversity by including dead animals, insects, and rats, which highlights their adaptability. Statistical analyses revealed that scavenging is the predominant feeding behavior, facilitated by the urban environment's abundant waste. However, behaviors like predation and kleptoparasitism were also noted, although less frequently. Moreover, our findings suggest that while urbanization profoundly influences crow feeding behavior, crows exhibit considerable flexibility in their feeding strategies across different urbanization levels. The analysis did not find a significant correlation between urbanization and specific feeding behaviors, which indicates an adaptive response to urban environmental conditions.
{"title":"Feeding ecology of house crows in a high-altitude Himalayan urban landscape","authors":"Shahnawaz Ahmad Khatana , Mohd Arif , Parvaiz Yousuf","doi":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>House crows, known for their adaptability, thrive in urban settings by exploiting anthropogenic food sources. We explored the feeding dynamics of house crows (<em>Corvus splendens</em>) in the unique high-altitude urban environment of Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Our research, conducted from July 2023 to February 2024, involved comprehensive field observations across diverse urban and semi-natural landscapes, examining the crows' dietary patterns, feeding behaviors, and group dynamics. Results indicate that house crows predominantly forage in small to medium-sized groups, with larger groups observed less frequently. These smaller groups often engage in opportunistic feeding behaviors, and prefer kitchen waste and slaughterhouse remains, which are abundant and energy-rich. Interestingly, smaller groups also showed dietary diversity by including dead animals, insects, and rats, which highlights their adaptability. Statistical analyses revealed that scavenging is the predominant feeding behavior, facilitated by the urban environment's abundant waste. However, behaviors like predation and kleptoparasitism were also noted, although less frequently. Moreover, our findings suggest that while urbanization profoundly influences crow feeding behavior, crows exhibit considerable flexibility in their feeding strategies across different urbanization levels. The analysis did not find a significant correlation between urbanization and specific feeding behaviors, which indicates an adaptive response to urban environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 61-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147426221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2025.10.003
Maria O. Ivanova , Polina A. Volkova , Andrei Rovinsky , Yury O. Kopylov-Guskov , Alexander A. Bobrov
Aquatic plant ranges are supposed to be considerably shaped by long-distance dispersal with waterbirds. However, frequency and spatial patterns of such dispersal are difficult to quantify directly. Constant plant-bird associations, being an important indirect estimate of dispersal intensity, are poorly studied. Thus, we aimed to test for concordance between taxonomic diversity of aquatic plants and waterbirds, performing their simultaneous survey on certain almost uninhabited Northern West Pacific islands (northern part of East Asian-Australasian flyway). In July–August 2024, we investigated 10 survey areas on three northern Kuril islands (Paramushir, Shumshu, and Kharimkotan), differing in size and landscape diversity. We obtained new data on diversity of aquatic plants and waterbirds for separate islands and for the Kuril Archipelago in general. Aquatic flora of the smallest and the most oceanic Kharimkotan Island was unexpectedly rich. We observed the highest aquatic plant and waterbird diversity in the same three survey areas on Paramushir and Shumshu islands. This is in line with the hypothesized concordance of plant and bird diversity in aquatic ecosystems. The identified areas of high taxonomic richness of both aquatic plants and waterbirds on the Northern Kurils should be of the first priority when planning conservation activities in the region.
{"title":"Do waterbirds determine the distribution of aquatic plants on the Kuril Archipelago (North-Western Pacific)?","authors":"Maria O. Ivanova , Polina A. Volkova , Andrei Rovinsky , Yury O. Kopylov-Guskov , Alexander A. Bobrov","doi":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japb.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic plant ranges are supposed to be considerably shaped by long-distance dispersal with waterbirds. However, frequency and spatial patterns of such dispersal are difficult to quantify directly. Constant plant-bird associations, being an important indirect estimate of dispersal intensity, are poorly studied. Thus, we aimed to test for concordance between taxonomic diversity of aquatic plants and waterbirds, performing their simultaneous survey on certain almost uninhabited Northern West Pacific islands (northern part of East Asian-Australasian flyway). In July–August 2024, we investigated 10 survey areas on three northern Kuril islands (Paramushir, Shumshu, and Kharimkotan), differing in size and landscape diversity. We obtained new data on diversity of aquatic plants and waterbirds for separate islands and for the Kuril Archipelago in general. Aquatic flora of the smallest and the most oceanic Kharimkotan Island was unexpectedly rich. We observed the highest aquatic plant and waterbird diversity in the same three survey areas on Paramushir and Shumshu islands. This is in line with the hypothesized concordance of plant and bird diversity in aquatic ecosystems. The identified areas of high taxonomic richness of both aquatic plants and waterbirds on the Northern Kurils should be of the first priority when planning conservation activities in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37957,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 173-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147427173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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