Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity最新文献

During a mycological field survey in 2021, 45 specimens of the genus Agaricus belonging to different species were collected from four islands in Korea. Based on phylogenetics in conjunction with the morphological examination, five species (Agaricus amoenomyces, Agaricus macropeplus, Agaricus pseudopallens, Agaricus rubripes, and Agaricus tytthocarpus) were reported for the first time from Korea. This study presents morphological descriptions, color photographs, and phylogenetic analyses of these species.

The leafhopper genus Parabolopona of Korea is reviewed. Two species of the genus are reported from Korea: Parabolopona ishihari Webb, 1981, and Parabolopona cygnea Cai & Shen, 1999. We provide morphological information on the species, a key to the Korean Parabolopona species, and a checklist of the world.

Identifying avian migration routes and habitats is critical for species conservation and management. South Korea is an important region in the East Asian-Australasian flyway, inhabited by various migratory birds. In this study, previous research on avian migration routes in South Korea was systematically analyzed, and research trends and characteristics were determined. Among 64 peer-reviewed papers, the number of papers by year has gradually increased since the 2000s. Land birds were the most extensively studied, followed by wading birds, raptors, waterfowl, multiple waterbird groups, and shorebirds. Among the research methods, wildlife tracking devices were most commonly used (n = 32), followed by direct visual observation (n = 19), bird banding (n = 10), and stable isotope analysis (SIA; n = 3). Sinan-gun, a Korean island, received the greatest attention; several studies have been conducted across various regions throughout South Korea. Text mining showed that the following terms were frequently used and strongly correlated: ‘home’, ‘range’, ‘breeding’, ‘wintering’, ‘island’, ‘area’, and ‘habitat’. Based on our findings, we predict that, as technology advances, the number of studies on migration routes of a greater diversity of species using global positioning system (GPS) tracking and SIA will continue to increase.

This paper reports for the first time on the genus Malayaplamius Masumoto, 1986 in the Philippines and provides the description of Malayaplamius bejsaki Ruzzier, sp. nov. (type locality: Mt. Kitanglad - Bukidnon). In addition, new faunistic data pertaining to the Philippine fauna are provided, in combination with photos of the species.

New localities and updated distribution of two endemic Rafflesia R.Br. (Rafflesiaceae) species from Mount Leuser National Park, Sumatra namely Rafflesia lawangensis Mat-Salleh, Mahyuni & Susatya and Rafflesia micropylora Meijer are reported. Rafflesia lawangensis is formerly known only from its type locality in Tualang Gepang, Bukit Lawang area (North Sumatra province), while R. micropylora is found in several localities including Sungai Jernih, Lokop, Ketambe, Lawe Mamas, and Kuala Kompas (Aceh province). Here, we report a new locality of R. lawangensis in Tangkahan (North Sumatra province) about 10 km from its type locality, and two new localities of R. micropylora in Batu Katak and in Cinta Raja (North Sumatra province). We also update the conservation status of both Rafflesia species and assess R. lawangensis as Critically Endangered and R. micropylora as Endangered. In this study, a complete distribution map of both species, habitat characteristics, and an identification key are also provided to be used for conservation managers.

A new record of a holoparasitic plant is hereby reported to thrive in the twilight zone of Dry Cave I, Tayabas, Quezon Province, Philippines. This is the first record of a Balanophora species thriving within cave ecosystems. Based on the observed production of white sap from the roots inside the cave and a preliminary survey of trees above the cave, the probable host of the Balanophora abbreviata is Ficus sp. (Moraceae). Fig trees are capable of producing deeply penetrating and lithophytic roots. Based on the existence of various arthropods in and within the vicinity of the plant clumps, the possible role of B. abbreviata as part of the food web within Dry Cave I is also discussed.

Protosticta Selys, 1885 is a speciose genus of damselflies distributed in the tropical and subtropical forests of Asia. During an ongoing study to document the odonate diversity of the Western Ghats, we came across a colony of Protosticta species in Wayanad, Kerala, that appeared different from all other species hitherto described. We describe this population as a new species after detailed morphological comparison with closely similar species occurring in the region.

Local to large-scale phylogenetic studies of freshwater fishes, especially groups with controversial within-genus diversity (e.g., Thymallus Linck, 1790), are crucial to understanding their phylogenetic statuses. We examined the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary divergence of species in the genus Thymallus (grayling) in Mongolia using mitochondrial DNA. In this study, we used 124 samples from 15 sites in rivers and lakes in the western, northern, and eastern parts of Mongolia to clarify their phylogenetic relationships. Our Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood trees support the existence of seven species of graylings in Mongolia, including Thymallus brevirostris, Thymallus nigrescens, Thymallus svetovidovi, Thymallus grubii, Thymallus arcticus, and new for the country Thymallus brevicephalus and Thymallus baicalensis. We observed relatively close sister species relationships of T. brevirostris and T. brevicephalus (p distance: 0.4%), as well as T. nigrescens and T. baicalensis (p distance: 0.5%). We also ran a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree to trace evolutionary divergence between species and found a divergence time ranging from 0.87 to 7.24 million years ago. Better knowledge of within-genus diversity of fish in the rivers of Mongolia (including the upstream portions of larger river drainages and lakes that graylings populate) is key to further conservation of these species.

The current study documents the presence of twelve lichenicolous fungi from India that were previously unknown from the country. These fungi include Cercidospora solearispora, Endococcus verrucosus, Lichenopeltella leptogii, Lichenostigma dimelaenae, Polycoccum aksoyi, P. evae, P. kerneri, Rosellinula haplospora, Scutula milliaris, Sphaerellothecium parmotrematis and Stigmidium ramalinae. Moreover, this research reveals that Cladophialophora parmeliae has expanded its distributional range in India. These newly documented lichenicolous fungi provide valuable insights into the biodiversity and ecological dynamics of the Indian lichen flora, throwing light on previously unexplored aspects of fungal diversity in the region.

Frugivory and seed dispersal of Elaeocarpus munronii (Wight) Mast. were studied in the shola forest of Eravikulam National Park. The entire day was divided into four-time intervals: morning (07.00–10.00), midday (10.00–01.00), afternoon (01.00–04.00), and evening (04.00–07.00) for data collection. Eleven bird and animal species from 10 families feed on the ripened fruits of this endemic tree. The frugivores are Nilgiri wood pigeon (Columba elphinstonii), large-billed crow (Corvus macororhynchos), small green barbet (Megalaima viridis), red vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer), Indian cuckoo (Cuculus micropterus), Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johni), lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus), brown palm civet (Paradoxurus jerdonii), Indian giant squirrel (Ratufa indica), grizzled Indian giant squirrel (Ratufa macroura), and Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica). Lion-tailed macaques, Indian crested porcupines, Indian giant squirrels, and grizzled Indian giant squirrels were the seed predators. Diurnal animals had the most visits during midday (10.00 am-1.00 pm), while nocturnal animals had the most visits during late evening (7.00 pm-10.00 pm). Nilgiri langurs had the highest predation intensity (92.93%), and brown palm civets left the most intact seeds (76.34%). Frugivore visits were evenly distributed across various individual trees, highlighting the importance of E. munronii trees as a food source for many species.