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Future-making and frictional mobility in the return of Burmese migrants 缅甸移民回归中的未来创造和摩擦流动
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.14764/10.ASEAS-0011
Prasert Rangkla
This article explores the experiences of recent returnees from Thailand to Southeast Myanmar and the complicated landscape of their future-making. In looking at the arduous journeys of Burmese migrants both in Myanmar and Thailand, I discuss how economic and political developments in reform-era Myanmar have informed Burmese migrants’ idea of return migration. Seeking a better life through coming home, they have encountered factors of friction and traction that either support or impede their plans. Accordingly, I argue that the return of these Burmese workers has become frictional mobility rather than a straightforward return. Ethnic politics and land boom in the region have intensified social inequality and conflicts that eventually make the organization of return more complex. The situation allows migrants to settle in their home country, postpone the return, and continue shuttling at the border while using the pattern of movement as a livelihood.
这篇文章探讨了最近从泰国返回缅甸东南部的人的经历和他们未来的复杂景观。通过观察缅甸移民在缅甸和泰国的艰辛旅程,我讨论了改革时期缅甸的经济和政治发展如何影响了缅甸移民的回乡想法。为了回国过上更好的生活,他们遇到了阻力和牵引力,这些阻力或支持或阻碍了他们的计划。因此,我认为,这些缅甸工人的返回已经成为摩擦流动,而不是直接返回。该地区的民族政治和土地繁荣加剧了社会不平等和冲突,最终使返回的组织更加复杂。这种情况使移徙者能够在本国定居,推迟返回,并继续在边境穿梭,同时以这种流动模式作为生计。
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引用次数: 0
The new politics of debt in the transition economy of Vietnam 越南转型经济中的新债务政治
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.14764/10.ASEAS-0015
H. Nguyen, Viet-Ha T. Nguyen, Thu-Trang Vuong, Manh-Tung Ho, Q. Vuong
This study reviews the rising household debt and nonfinancial corporation debt in Vietnam, a socialist-oriented, lower middle-income emerging economy. Vietnam has made huge strides in economic growth within three decades of reforms, lifting millions of people out of poverty thanks to better access to credit. At the same time, there are lending and borrowing practices that signal troubles ahead. Based on a thorough examination of the theoretical literature on indebtedness, the study sets out to identify the drivers of borrowing and over-borrowing in Vietnam in recent years. Particularly, the abundant financial and physical resources have given rise to consumerism and the boom of the super-rich. These are two of the four factors that have shifted Vietnamese culture from one that traditionally condemned debt as a vice to one that now tolerates indebtedness. The other two factors can be found at the corporate level where there is an over-reliance on debt financing and rampant rent-seeking. Here, a kind of ‘resource curse’ threatens sustainable corporate growth – businesses rely too much on borrowing to fuel their operations, but in fact are overlooking the innovation factor. The new politics of debt, we suggest, have created a toxically pro-consumption, debt-tolerant society.
本研究回顾了越南这个以社会主义为导向的中低收入新兴经济体不断上升的家庭债务和非金融企业债务。在改革的30年里,越南在经济增长方面取得了巨大的进步,由于更容易获得信贷,使数百万人摆脱了贫困。与此同时,一些借贷行为预示着未来的麻烦。在对债务理论文献进行全面研究的基础上,本研究旨在确定近年来越南借贷和过度借贷的驱动因素。特别是,丰富的金融和物质资源导致了消费主义和超级富豪的激增。这是越南文化从传统上谴责债务是一种恶习转变为现在容忍债务的四个因素中的两个。另外两个因素可以在企业层面找到,企业过度依赖债务融资和猖獗的寻租行为。在这里,一种“资源诅咒”威胁着企业的可持续增长——企业过于依赖借贷来推动运营,但实际上却忽视了创新因素。我们认为,新的债务政治创造了一个有害的支持消费、容忍债务的社会。
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引用次数: 9
Excluding migrant labor from the Malaysian bioeconomy: Working and living conditions of migrant workers in the palm oil sector in Sabah 从马来西亚生物经济中排除移民劳工:沙巴棕榈油部门移民工人的工作和生活条件
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.14764/10.ASEAS-0012
Janina Puder
In 2012, Malaysia launched its bioeconomy program, with the palm oil sector as one of the main pillars. In focusing on the societal processes that accompany the Malaysian plans to establish a bioeconomy, it is of special interest to understand which occupation groups in the palm oil sector are included and which are excluded from the socio-economic targets of the program. Research on the bioeconomy, as well as a green economy more broadly, often neglect the possible effects of green economy models on labor markets. I argue that low-skilled migrant workers employed in the Malaysian palm oil sector are structurally excluded from the national goal of enhancing the living and working conditions of the population by transforming into a bioeconomy. This exclusion intersects with a specific precarity caused by the socio-economic status of low-skilled migrant workers. The article shows that Malaysia’s bioeconomy program reinforces the precarity of this group of workers, expressed in the lack of perspectives for upward mobility, their discrimination on the labor market, and in social barriers preventing them from further training. The findings presented are based on expert interviews and semi-structured qualitative interviews with workers from Sabah.
2012年,马来西亚启动了生物经济计划,其中棕榈油行业是主要支柱之一。在关注伴随马来西亚计划建立生物经济的社会进程时,了解棕榈油部门的哪些职业群体被包括在内,哪些被排除在该计划的社会经济目标之外是特别有趣的。对生物经济以及更广泛的绿色经济的研究往往忽视了绿色经济模型对劳动力市场的可能影响。我认为,马来西亚棕榈油行业雇用的低技能移民工人在结构上被排除在通过转变为生物经济来改善人口生活和工作条件的国家目标之外。这种排斥与低技能移徙工人的社会经济地位造成的特殊不稳定交织在一起。文章显示,马来西亚的生物经济计划加剧了这一工人群体的不稳定性,表现为缺乏向上流动的前景,他们在劳动力市场上受到歧视,以及阻止他们进一步接受培训的社会障碍。所提出的调查结果是基于对沙巴工人的专家访谈和半结构化定性访谈。
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引用次数: 8
Book Review: Werning, R. & Schwieger, J. (2019). Handbuch Philippinen. Gesellschaft-Politik-Wirtschaft-Kultur
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.14764/10.ASEAS-0017
Ralph Chan, Joshua Makalintal
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引用次数: 0
The third wave of Indonesia’s food market: Practices at small community markets in Yogyakarta 印尼食品市场的第三波浪潮:日惹小型社区市场的做法
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.14764/10.ASEAS-0013
Dodi Widiyanto
There is growing awareness among people living in developing countries of the importance of healthy lifestyles. Farmers’ markets (FMs) are a rather new type of market in Indonesia, succeeding traditional and modern markets. They began to appear in 2006 in Bali and were established in Yogyakarta in the early 2010s. This article contributes to limited research in this area by presenting a qualitative analysis of market participants with three main aims: to explore the meanings of local and healthy food from the vendors’/managers’ perspective, to identify the vendors’/managers’ motives for using FMs, and to examine the mechanisms underpinning the performance of FMs. I found no consensus regarding the meanings of local and healthy food. Instead, market participants have a geographically wide concept of ‘local’ that includes perceived high-quality (and healthy) raw materials from all over the Indonesian Archipelago. To assure the quality of food from such distant sources, formal and informal market mechanisms are used in Greater Yogyakarta FMs, as evidenced by the unique practices designed by the markets’ vendors and managers.
生活在发展中国家的人们越来越意识到健康生活方式的重要性。农贸市场(FMs)是印度尼西亚继传统市场和现代市场之后的一种相当新型的市场。它们于2006年开始出现在巴厘岛,并于2010年代初在日惹成立。本文通过对市场参与者的定性分析,对这一领域的有限研究做出了贡献,主要目的有三个:从供应商/管理者的角度探索本地和健康食品的意义,确定供应商/管理者使用餐饮服务的动机,并研究支撑餐饮服务绩效的机制。我没有找到关于本地和健康食品含义的共识。相反,市场参与者有一个地理上广泛的“本地”概念,包括来自印度尼西亚群岛各地的高质量(和健康)原材料。为了确保来自如此遥远来源的食品的质量,大日惹食品管理机构采用了正式和非正式的市场机制,市场供应商和管理人员设计的独特做法证明了这一点。
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引用次数: 1
Recalling hydraulic despotism: Hun Sen’s Cambodia and the return of strict authoritarianism 回顾水力专制:洪森的柬埔寨与严格威权主义的回归
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.14764/10.ASEAS-0014
D. Blake
Mirroring trends elsewhere in Southeast Asia, Cambodia has witnessed a pronounced shift towards stricter authoritarianism over recent years. The state appears more firmly ruled by prime minister Hun Sen than at any time during the past three decades, while the de facto status of the Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) more closely resembles the single party regimes of neighboring states. One of the major tools of political control and expansion of authority employed by the hierarchical CPP network is the construction of major infrastructure projects, most notably hydropower dams and irrigation schemes. This article focuses attention on the hydraulic infrastructure aspects of exacting political authority and social control by the elite over the nation, drawing upon Wittfogelian perspectives for a conceptual framework. It maintains that Cambodia increasingly represents a modern variant of a hydraulic society, but primarily functions as a satellite hydraulic state of China. The growing influence of China over Cambodia’s hydraulic development has helped elevate Hun Sen to resemble a neo-classic hydraulic despot. Hydraulic society concepts help provide partial understanding of contemporary power relations and party-state ascendency, including the longevity and resilience of Hun Sen’s supremacy.
与东南亚其他地区的趋势一样,柬埔寨近年来也明显转向更严格的威权主义。首相洪森(Hun Sen)似乎比过去三十年中的任何时候都更加坚定地统治着这个国家,而柬埔寨人民党(CPP)的实际地位更接近邻国的一党政权。政治控制和权力扩张的主要工具之一,是CPP等级网络所采用的主要基础设施项目的建设,最显著的是水电大坝和灌溉计划。这篇文章的重点是水利基础设施方面的严格的政治权威和社会控制的精英对国家,借鉴维特福格尔的观点为一个概念框架。它认为,柬埔寨日益成为水力社会的现代变体,但主要是作为中国的卫星水力国家发挥作用。中国对柬埔寨水利开发的影响力越来越大,这有助于将洪森塑造成一个新古典水利暴君的形象。水力社会的概念有助于部分理解当代权力关系和党国优势,包括洪森至高无上的长寿和弹性。
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引用次数: 12
The contestation of social memory in the new media: A case study of the 1965 killings in Indonesia 新媒体下的社会记忆之争:以1965年印尼大屠杀为例
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.14764/10.ASEAS-0010
Hakimul Ikhwan, V. I. Yulianto, Gilang Desti Parahita
While today’s Indonesian democratic government remains committed to the New Order orthodoxy about the mass killings of 1965, new counter-narratives challenging official history are emerging in the new media. Applying mixed-methods and multi-sited ethnography, this study aims to extend our collaborative understanding of the most recent developments in this situation by identifying multiple online interpersonal stories, deliberations, and debates related to the case as well as offline field studies in Java and Bali. Practically and theoretically, we ask how the tragedy of the 1965 killings is contested in the new media and how social memory plays out in this contestation. The study finds that new media potentially act as emancipatory sites channeling and liberating the voices of those that the nation has stigmatized as ‘objectively guilty’. We argue that the arena of contestation is threefold: individual, public vs. state narrative, and theoretical. As such, the transborder space of the new media strongly mediates corrective new voices to fill missing gaps in the convoluted history of this central event of modern Indonesian history.
虽然今天的印尼民主政府仍然致力于1965年大屠杀的新秩序正统,但挑战官方历史的新的反叙事正在新媒体中出现。本研究采用混合方法和多地点人种学,旨在通过识别与该案例相关的多个在线人际故事、审议和辩论,以及在爪哇和巴厘岛的线下实地研究,扩展我们对该情况最新发展的合作理解。从实践和理论上讲,我们要问的是,1965年大屠杀的悲剧是如何在新媒体中受到质疑的,以及社会记忆是如何在这种质疑中发挥作用的。研究发现,新媒体潜在地充当了解放网站的角色,引导和解放了那些被国家诬蔑为“客观上有罪”的人的声音。我们认为,争论的舞台是三重的:个人、公共与国家叙事和理论。因此,新媒体的跨界空间有力地调解了纠正性的新声音,以填补这一印度尼西亚现代史中心事件的复杂历史中缺失的空白。
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引用次数: 10
China’s cultural diplomacy in Malaysia during Najib Razak’s premiership 纳吉布·拉扎克担任总理期间,中国在马来西亚的文化外交
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.14764/10.ASEAS-0016
Jakub Hrubý, Tomáš Petrů
This article aims to provide an analysis of China’s cultural diplomacy (CCD) in Malaysia in the latter years of the premiership of Najib Razak (2015-2018). It intends to reflect on the efforts China has been exerting in order to increase its soft power in the Southeast Asian nation. The authors have identified and analyzed four major fields of CCD: the activities of two Confucius Institutes; the first overseas campus of a renowned Chinese university; invocations of shared history, embodied mainly by the figure of the legendary admiral-eunuch Zheng He, regularly commemorated as China’s historic envoy of peace; and Malay translations of classical Chinese novels. The article’s findings reveal an intricate pattern of networks involving various actors, both Chinese and Malaysian, state, semi-state, and non-state, pursuing their own particular interests, which tend to converge and overlap with the aims of Chinese cultural diplomacy. The implementation of CCD has also been formed by the local political and societal structures: a) a ‘special’ relation between Razak’s cabinet and the PRC leadership, revolving around party-based diplomacy and intensive economic cooperation especially between 2015 and May 2018; b) the presence of a large Chinese community, which provides opportunities and, at the same time, creates limitations for the China´s cultural diplomacy practice in Malaysia.
本文旨在分析纳吉布·拉扎克(Najib Razak)总理任期后期(2015-2018)中国在马来西亚的文化外交(CCD)。这是为了反省中国为加强在东南亚国家的软实力而做出的努力。笔者对CCD的四个主要领域进行了界定和分析:两所孔子学院的活动;中国知名大学的首个海外校区;对共同历史的祈愿,主要体现在传说中的海军太监郑和的形象上,郑和经常被纪念为中国历史上的和平使者;以及中国古典小说的马来语译本。文章的发现揭示了一个复杂的网络模式,涉及各种行动者,包括中国和马来西亚,国家,半国家和非国家,追求自己的特殊利益,这些利益往往与中国文化外交的目标融合和重叠。地方政治和社会结构也形成了CCD的实施:a)拉扎克内阁与中国领导层之间的“特殊”关系,特别是在2015年至2018年5月期间,围绕着以政党为基础的外交和密集的经济合作;b)一个庞大的华人社区的存在,为中国在马来西亚的文化外交实践提供了机会,同时也造成了限制。
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引用次数: 4
Is Makassar a 'sanctuary city'?: migration governance in Indonesia after the 'local turn' 望加锡是一个“庇护城市”吗?:印尼“本土化转向”后的移民治理
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-12-29 DOI: 10.14764/10.ASEAS-0003
Antje Missbach, Yunizar Adiputera, Atin Prabandari
Taking into consideration three levels of government (regional, national, and sub-national) that potentially offer protection to refugees, this paper is concerned with changes initiated by the 2016 Presidential Regulation on Handling Foreign Refugees. This regulation has delegated more responsibility for managing refugees to the sub-national levels of administration in Indonesia, which, like other nations in the Southeast Asia, has been reluctant to provide protection for refugees or any options for their integration into society. The reason for this is that, despite many vociferous demands in favor of a ‘regional solution’ in the aftermath of the 2015 Andaman Sea Crisis, most attempts ended up in abeyance. Following suit with the so-called ‘local turn’ in migration studies, which increased attention to the local dimensions of refugee protection due to the receding capacities in the major actors involved both in global refugee protection and international migration management, we direct attention to the sub-national level of refugee management in Indonesia using as a case study the city of Makassar, which has hitherto enjoyed a fairly positive reputation for welcoming refugees. By examining the current living conditions of asylum seekers and refugees in Makassar and comparing them to other places in Indonesia, we ask whether the concept of ‘sanctuary city’ is applicable to a non-Western context and, in doing so, hope to enhance current discussions of creating alternative models for refugee protection beyond the national and regional level.
考虑到可能为难民提供保护的三级政府(地区、国家和次国家),本文关注的是2016年《处理外国难民总统条例》引发的变化。这一规定将管理难民的更多责任下放给了印尼的地方政府。与东南亚其他国家一样,印尼政府一直不愿为难民提供保护,也不愿为他们融入社会提供任何选择。原因是,尽管在2015年安达曼海危机之后,许多人强烈要求支持“区域解决方案”,但大多数尝试最终都被搁置了。由于涉及全球难民保护和国际移民管理的主要行动者的能力下降,移民研究中所谓的“地方转向”增加了对难民保护的地方层面的关注,因此,我们将注意力转移到印度尼西亚的次国家层面的难民管理上,以望加锡市为例进行研究,迄今为止,望加锡市在欢迎难民方面享有相当积极的声誉。通过研究望加锡寻求庇护者和难民目前的生活条件,并将其与印度尼西亚其他地方进行比较,我们想知道“庇护城市”的概念是否适用于非西方背景,并希望借此加强目前关于在国家和地区层面之外创建难民保护替代模式的讨论。
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引用次数: 18
Workshop Report: Central Kalimantan in the Year 2030: Natural Resources, Social Justice, and Sustainable Development 研讨会报告:2030年的加里曼丹中部:自然资源、社会正义和可持续发展
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-12-29 DOI: 10.14764/10.ASEAS-0006
Kristina Großmann
The one-day kick-off workshop that took place in Palangkaraya – the provincial capital of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia – is part of the transdisciplinary research project “FuturEN: Governance, Identities, and Future along Categories of Differentiation: The Case of Coal Mining in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia”.1 This project explores environmental conflicts, especially those related to coal mining, focusing on the nexus between ethnicity, gender, and status in Central Kalimantan.2 The aim of the workshop was to elaborate on diverging future visions regarding coal mining on an intersectoral expert level and to find correspondences between different scenarios. The workshop organizers – Kristina Großmann, Alessandro Gullo, Pinarsita Juliana, Marko Mahin, Semiarto Aji Purwanto, and Meta Septalisa – invited representatives of relevant groups on the provincial level, including representatives from the government, the business sector, universities, and civil society organizations.3 In the further course of the research project, Kristina Großmann plans to conduct a series of workshops in Murung Raya, the northernmost district of Central Kalimantan, where coal mining is prevalent. The closing workshop is again to be held in Palangkaraya. During the workshop, two discussion groups were formed and discussed the following four guiding questions relating to Central Kalimantan:
为期一天的研讨会在印度尼西亚中加里曼丹省首府帕朗卡拉亚举行,是跨学科研究项目“未来:治理、身份和未来以及分化类别:印度尼西亚中加里曼丹煤矿案例”的一部分这个项目探讨环境冲突,特别是与煤矿开采有关的冲突,重点是加里曼丹中部的种族、性别和地位之间的联系。2讲习班的目的是在部门间专家一级详细说明关于煤矿开采的不同未来设想,并找出不同设想之间的对应关系。研讨会的组织者——Kristina Großmann、Alessandro Gullo、Pinarsita Juliana、Marko Mahin、Semiarto Aji Purwanto和Meta Septalisa——邀请了省级相关团体的代表,包括来自政府、商业部门、大学和民间社会组织的代表在研究项目的进一步过程中,Kristina Großmann计划在加里曼丹中部最北端的穆隆拉亚(Murung Raya)举办一系列讲习班,那里的煤矿开采非常普遍。闭幕讲习班将再次在帕朗卡拉亚举行。在讲习班期间,成立了两个讨论小组,讨论了与加里曼丹中部有关的以下四个指导性问题:
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies
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