Aim: We aimed to investigate differences in the awareness of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability between elderly patients with and without dementia requiring care.
Methods: We assessed 25 elderly individuals requiring care and their primary caregivers using the Lawton IADL scale, with score differences between the patients and their caregivers representing the level of impaired awareness of IADL disability.
Results: Among the participants, 80% exhibited impaired awareness of IADL disability. In terms of total score on the Lawton scale, there was no between-group difference in the occurrence of impaired awareness of IADL disability (p = 0.274, φ = 0.31). Contrastingly, regarding the subitems of the Lawton scale, the dementia group had a significantly higher number of participants with impaired awareness of responsibility for their own medications than the nondementia group (p = 0.030, φ = 0.47). Further, there were no significant between-group differences in the ability to use telephone, shopping, mode of transportation, or ability to handle finances.
Conclusions: It is important for caregivers to notice the emergence of impaired awareness among the elderly as soon as possible to ensure early diagnosis and treatment. The results of this study suggest the need for caregivers to take care of the elderly patients with the perspective that they may develop impaired awareness of responsibility for their own medications.
{"title":"Awareness of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Disability: Pilot Study for Elderly Requiring Care and Caregivers.","authors":"Yukiko Suzuki, Takayuki Sudo, Hideki Mochizuki","doi":"10.1159/000524155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000524155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to investigate differences in the awareness of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability between elderly patients with and without dementia requiring care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed 25 elderly individuals requiring care and their primary caregivers using the Lawton IADL scale, with score differences between the patients and their caregivers representing the level of impaired awareness of IADL disability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 80% exhibited impaired awareness of IADL disability. In terms of total score on the Lawton scale, there was no between-group difference in the occurrence of impaired awareness of IADL disability (<i>p</i> = 0.274, φ = 0.31). Contrastingly, regarding the subitems of the Lawton scale, the dementia group had a significantly higher number of participants with impaired awareness of responsibility for their own medications than the nondementia group (<i>p</i> = 0.030, φ = 0.47). Further, there were no significant between-group differences in the ability to use telephone, shopping, mode of transportation, or ability to handle finances.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is important for caregivers to notice the emergence of impaired awareness among the elderly as soon as possible to ensure early diagnosis and treatment. The results of this study suggest the need for caregivers to take care of the elderly patients with the perspective that they may develop impaired awareness of responsibility for their own medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"12 2","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f2/dd/dee-0012-0094.PMC9149450.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10257536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1159/000524499
Dixon Yang, Arjun Masurkar
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CVSD) both contribute to age-related cognitive decline but can be difficult to clinically distinguish at early stages. At mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we investigated brain MRI volumetric differences in white matter hyperintensities (WMH), frontal and temporal lobe volumes between neuropathologically defined groups of cerebral arteriolosclerosis alone (pARTE), AD alone (pAD), and mixed (ADARTE).
Methods: From the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, we defined neuropathology groups of pARTE (n = 18), pAD (n = 36), and ADARTE (n = 55) who had MRI brain volumetrics within 1 year of clinical evaluation with Clinical Dementia Rating score of 0.5, corresponding to MCI. We included moderate-to-severe arteriolosclerosis and/or ABC score 2-3 for AD, after excluding other major neuropathologies. We compared WMH and frontal and temporal lobe volumes between neuropathology groups using regression analysis.
Results: Adjusted regression models show AD-related groups associated with less WMH when compared to pARTE (pAD adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (95% confidence interval [CI]): 0.94 (0.90-0.98); ADARTE aOR (95% CI): 0.96 (0.93-0.99)). The mixed pathology group, but not pAD, had smaller right temporal lobe volumes than pARTE (pAD aOR [95% CI]: 0.86 [0.74-1.00]; ADARTE aOR [95% CI]: 0.83 [0.72-0.96]). There were no differences in frontal lobe volumes.
Discussion/conclusions: Findings from this neuropathologically confirmed cohort suggest volumetric differences in WMH and temporal lobe volumes between AD- and CVSD-related MCI. Moreover, our results suggest a differential atrophy susceptibility of the right versus left temporal lobe to the additive effect of AD and vascular pathologies.
{"title":"Early-Stage MRI Volumetric Differences in White Matter Hyperintensity and Temporal Lobe Volumes between Autopsy-Confirmed Alzheimer's Disease, Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, and Mixed Pathologies.","authors":"Dixon Yang, Arjun Masurkar","doi":"10.1159/000524499","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000524499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CVSD) both contribute to age-related cognitive decline but can be difficult to clinically distinguish at early stages. At mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we investigated brain MRI volumetric differences in white matter hyperintensities (WMH), frontal and temporal lobe volumes between neuropathologically defined groups of cerebral arteriolosclerosis alone (pARTE), AD alone (pAD), and mixed (ADARTE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, we defined neuropathology groups of pARTE (<i>n</i> = 18), pAD (<i>n</i> = 36), and ADARTE (<i>n</i> = 55) who had MRI brain volumetrics within 1 year of clinical evaluation with Clinical Dementia Rating score of 0.5, corresponding to MCI. We included moderate-to-severe arteriolosclerosis and/or ABC score 2-3 for AD, after excluding other major neuropathologies. We compared WMH and frontal and temporal lobe volumes between neuropathology groups using regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adjusted regression models show AD-related groups associated with less WMH when compared to pARTE (pAD adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (95% confidence interval [CI]): 0.94 (0.90-0.98); ADARTE aOR (95% CI): 0.96 (0.93-0.99)). The mixed pathology group, but not pAD, had smaller right temporal lobe volumes than pARTE (pAD aOR [95% CI]: 0.86 [0.74-1.00]; ADARTE aOR [95% CI]: 0.83 [0.72-0.96]). There were no differences in frontal lobe volumes.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusions: </strong>Findings from this neuropathologically confirmed cohort suggest volumetric differences in WMH and temporal lobe volumes between AD- and CVSD-related MCI. Moreover, our results suggest a differential atrophy susceptibility of the right versus left temporal lobe to the additive effect of AD and vascular pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"12 1","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e5/34/dee-0012-0069.PMC9149438.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9249248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21eCollection Date: 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1159/000522122
Alissa Bernstein Sideman, Jenna L Wells, Jennifer Merrilees, Suzanne M Shdo, Claire I Yee, Katherine L Possin, Robert W Levenson
Introduction: Family caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLWDs) have extensive social, physical, emotional, and financial responsibilities. However, less is known about the relationship and interpersonal connection between caregivers and PLWDs. We examined caregiver pronoun use, as an index of the connection between the caregiver and PLWD and its associations with the caregiver's and PLWD's health and well-being.
Methods: Caregivers of PLWDs (N = 320) were asked to describe a recent time they felt connected to the PLWD in their care. Responses were transcribed and coded to quantify pronoun use by category (we-pronouns, I-pronouns, and they-pronouns). Caregivers also reported on their depression, burden, and the PLWD's dementia severity and marital satisfaction. Sixty-eight caregivers repeated the same survey 24 months after the initial survey.
Results: Caregivers used less we-pronouns when the PLWD's dementia was more severe, at both timepoints. Spousal caregivers used more we-pronouns and less I- and they-pronouns than nonspousal caregivers. There was an interaction between spousal relationship and dementia severity, such that spousal caregivers exhibited a stronger negative association between dementia severity and we-pronoun use. There were no associations between pronoun category and caregiver burden or depression.
Discussion: Caregivers may feel increasingly disconnected from the PLWD as their dementia becomes more severe, as reflected by less we-pronoun usage. This study highlights the opportunity to explore relationship connection through text analysis.
{"title":"Pronoun Use among Caregivers of People Living with Dementia: Associations with Dementia Severity Using Text Analysis of a Natural Language Sample.","authors":"Alissa Bernstein Sideman, Jenna L Wells, Jennifer Merrilees, Suzanne M Shdo, Claire I Yee, Katherine L Possin, Robert W Levenson","doi":"10.1159/000522122","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000522122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Family caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLWDs) have extensive social, physical, emotional, and financial responsibilities. However, less is known about the relationship and interpersonal connection between caregivers and PLWDs. We examined caregiver pronoun use, as an index of the connection between the caregiver and PLWD and its associations with the caregiver's and PLWD's health and well-being.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Caregivers of PLWDs (<i>N</i> = 320) were asked to describe a recent time they felt connected to the PLWD in their care. Responses were transcribed and coded to quantify pronoun use by category (we-pronouns, I-pronouns, and they-pronouns). Caregivers also reported on their depression, burden, and the PLWD's dementia severity and marital satisfaction. Sixty-eight caregivers repeated the same survey 24 months after the initial survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caregivers used less we-pronouns when the PLWD's dementia was more severe, at both timepoints. Spousal caregivers used more we-pronouns and less I- and they-pronouns than nonspousal caregivers. There was an interaction between spousal relationship and dementia severity, such that spousal caregivers exhibited a stronger negative association between dementia severity and we-pronoun use. There were no associations between pronoun category and caregiver burden or depression.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Caregivers may feel increasingly disconnected from the PLWD as their dementia becomes more severe, as reflected by less we-pronoun usage. This study highlights the opportunity to explore relationship connection through text analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"12 1","pages":"60-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/72/dee-0012-0060.PMC9149456.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9223427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cognitive aging is a complex phenomenon, which comprises various cognitive skills, broadly categorized into fluid and crystallized intelligence. Crystallized intelligence (gc) tends to be maintained, as opposed to fluid intelligence (gf), which tends to decline rapidly with age. The association of the two with cognitive decline remains a matter of conjecture requiring further research.
Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the variables of gc and gf from a population data of Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD) study and investigate its relationship with the onset of cognitive impairment using discrepancy analysis against neuropsychological tests.
Methods: This analysis of data from LASI-DAD study was carried out on a sample of 3,223 participants. They were assessed on extensive thirteen cognitive tests and one subjective test of cognition. Standardized score was used for discrepancy analysis. Fluid ability minus crystallized ability was used to assess the cognitive impairment. Any statistical significance with the score difference >0.99 SD was defined as a presence of cognitive decline. Hindi Mental Status Examination (HMSE) and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) were used as gold standard.
Results: With increased discrepancy score, each cognitive parameter score declined which was found to be statistically significant. In HMSE (Normal = 25.81 ± 3.39; Impaired = 23.17 ± 3.54; p = <0.001), there was a drop of 2 point scores in identifying cognitive impairment in the population sample as per the gold standard. A similar trend was evident in other neurocognitive domains as well.
Conclusion: Crystallized-fluid intelligence discrepancy analysis has a strong potential in predicting the onset of cognitive decline ahead of time, facilitating early intervention.
{"title":"Discrepancy in Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence: An Early Cognitive Marker of Dementia from the LASI-DAD Cohort.","authors":"Swati Bajpai, Ashish Dutt Upadhayay, Joyita Banerjee, Avinash Chakrawarthy, Prashun Chatterjee, Jinkook Lee, Aparajit Ballav Dey","doi":"10.1159/000520879","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000520879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive aging is a complex phenomenon, which comprises various cognitive skills, broadly categorized into fluid and crystallized intelligence. Crystallized intelligence (gc) tends to be maintained, as opposed to fluid intelligence (gf), which tends to decline rapidly with age. The association of the two with cognitive decline remains a matter of conjecture requiring further research.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to identify the variables of gc and gf from a population data of Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD) study and investigate its relationship with the onset of cognitive impairment using discrepancy analysis against neuropsychological tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis of data from LASI-DAD study was carried out on a sample of 3,223 participants. They were assessed on extensive thirteen cognitive tests and one subjective test of cognition. Standardized score was used for discrepancy analysis. Fluid ability minus crystallized ability was used to assess the cognitive impairment. Any statistical significance with the score difference >0.99 SD was defined as a presence of cognitive decline. Hindi Mental Status Examination (HMSE) and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) were used as gold standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With increased discrepancy score, each cognitive parameter score declined which was found to be statistically significant. In HMSE (Normal = 25.81 ± 3.39; Impaired = 23.17 ± 3.54; <i>p</i> = <0.001), there was a drop of 2 point scores in identifying cognitive impairment in the population sample as per the gold standard. A similar trend was evident in other neurocognitive domains as well.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Crystallized-fluid intelligence discrepancy analysis has a strong potential in predicting the onset of cognitive decline ahead of time, facilitating early intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"12 1","pages":"51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9082145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42875659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tan Thanh Huynh, Nguyen Tran Thanh Nguyen, Tien Dong Phuong Nguyen, Thang Cong Tran
Background: In Vietnam, there has been, currently, no standardized tool for depression assessment for people with dementia (PWD). Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) is a widely studied and used scale for PWD worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this study was to standardize the Vietnamese version of the CSDD (V-CSDD) in depression assessment in PWD through reliability and validity examination. Methods: V-CSDD was rated in terms of reliability and validity with gold standard regarding “major depressive episode” and “major depressive-like episode” of DSM-5. Cronbach’s α, ICC, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed. Results: V-CSDD was found to have a high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.80), inter-rater reliability at sound ranking (ICC = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.81–0.94), maximum cut-off mark of 13 (sensitivity = 70%, specificity = 92%), and EFA, which suggested that V-CSDD may comprise 5 factors. Conclusions: Results indicate the V-CSDD to be a reliable and valid assessment and to be beneficial in classifying and diagnosing depression in dementia outpatients in clinical contexts.
{"title":"Vietnamese Version of Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia at an Outpatient Memory Clinic: A Reliability and Validity Study","authors":"Tan Thanh Huynh, Nguyen Tran Thanh Nguyen, Tien Dong Phuong Nguyen, Thang Cong Tran","doi":"10.1159/000522623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000522623","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Vietnam, there has been, currently, no standardized tool for depression assessment for people with dementia (PWD). Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) is a widely studied and used scale for PWD worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this study was to standardize the Vietnamese version of the CSDD (V-CSDD) in depression assessment in PWD through reliability and validity examination. Methods: V-CSDD was rated in terms of reliability and validity with gold standard regarding “major depressive episode” and “major depressive-like episode” of DSM-5. Cronbach’s α, ICC, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed. Results: V-CSDD was found to have a high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.80), inter-rater reliability at sound ranking (ICC = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.81–0.94), maximum cut-off mark of 13 (sensitivity = 70%, specificity = 92%), and EFA, which suggested that V-CSDD may comprise 5 factors. Conclusions: Results indicate the V-CSDD to be a reliable and valid assessment and to be beneficial in classifying and diagnosing depression in dementia outpatients in clinical contexts.","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"12 1","pages":"34 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49598123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nafiseh Noroozi, M. Shayan, Adeleh Maleki, Faeze Eslami, N. Rahimi, Robab Zakeri, Z. Abdolmaleki, A. Dehpour
Introduction: The leading cause of memory impairment is dementia-related disorders. Since current treatments for memory impairment target the neuroinflammatory pathways, we selected dapsone, an anti-inflammatory agent, to evaluate its effects on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and the underlying role of nitric oxide (NO). Methods: Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) was used for induction of memory impairment. The animals received various doses of dapsone (0.1, 0.3, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.). Duration and number of arms visits in the Y-maze and step-through latency in the passive-avoidance were documented. To evaluate the underlying signaling pathway, N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nonspecific NO synthase [NOS] inhibitor), aminoguanidine (a specific inducible NOS inhibitor), and 7-nitroindazole (a specific neuronal NOS inhibitor) were administered 30 min after dapsone administration. Results: Dapsone (5 mg/kg) substantially improved memory acquisition in scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Additionally, NOS inhibitors considerably reversed the observed neuroprotective effects of dapsone, accompanied by the elevation of NO levels. Conclusion: Dapsone revealed a neuroprotective effect against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice, possibly through the nitrergic pathway.
导读:记忆障碍的主要原因是痴呆相关疾病。由于目前的记忆障碍治疗针对神经炎症途径，我们选择了抗炎药氨苯砜来评估其对东莨菪碱诱导的小鼠记忆障碍的影响以及一氧化氮(NO)的潜在作用。方法:采用东莨菪碱(1 mg/kg，腹腔注射)诱导记忆障碍。这些动物接受了不同剂量的氨苯砜(0.1、0.3、1、5和10 mg/kg, i.p)。记录了y型迷宫中手臂访问的持续时间和次数以及被动回避中的步进延迟。为了评估潜在的信号通路，在给药30分钟后给药N(ω)-硝基- l -精氨酸甲酯(一种非特异性NO合成酶抑制剂)、氨基胍(一种特异性诱导型NOS抑制剂)和7-硝基吲唑(一种特异性神经元NOS抑制剂)。结果:氨苯砜(5mg /kg)显著改善东莨菪碱诱导的记忆障碍患者的记忆获取。此外，NOS抑制剂显著逆转了观察到的氨苯砜的神经保护作用，并伴有NO水平的升高。结论:氨苯砜对东莨菪碱致小鼠记忆障碍具有神经保护作用，可能通过氮能途径。
{"title":"Protective Effects of Dapsone on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice: Involvement of Nitric Oxide Pathway","authors":"Nafiseh Noroozi, M. Shayan, Adeleh Maleki, Faeze Eslami, N. Rahimi, Robab Zakeri, Z. Abdolmaleki, A. Dehpour","doi":"10.1159/000522163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000522163","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The leading cause of memory impairment is dementia-related disorders. Since current treatments for memory impairment target the neuroinflammatory pathways, we selected dapsone, an anti-inflammatory agent, to evaluate its effects on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and the underlying role of nitric oxide (NO). Methods: Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) was used for induction of memory impairment. The animals received various doses of dapsone (0.1, 0.3, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.). Duration and number of arms visits in the Y-maze and step-through latency in the passive-avoidance were documented. To evaluate the underlying signaling pathway, N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nonspecific NO synthase [NOS] inhibitor), aminoguanidine (a specific inducible NOS inhibitor), and 7-nitroindazole (a specific neuronal NOS inhibitor) were administered 30 min after dapsone administration. Results: Dapsone (5 mg/kg) substantially improved memory acquisition in scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Additionally, NOS inhibitors considerably reversed the observed neuroprotective effects of dapsone, accompanied by the elevation of NO levels. Conclusion: Dapsone revealed a neuroprotective effect against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice, possibly through the nitrergic pathway.","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"12 1","pages":"43 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45117589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Aims: Many motor impairments are present in older adults with cognitive decline. One of them is the impairment of hand dexterity and bimanual coordination that result in poor functional ability in the activities of daily living (ADL). This study investigated the effects of hand dexterity and bimanual coordination declination on the sub-domains of ADL in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Thirty-one senior individuals with MCI were recruited in this study. The Purdue Pegboard Test was used to measure hand dexterity, and bimanual coordination was assessed by the continuous circle-drawing task. Their ADL were assessed with the General Activity Daily Living questionnaire. Results: The correlations analysis showed an association between the dominant hand and bimanual dexterity with the domestic domain of ADL and all conditions of hand dexterity with the complex domain of ADL. Moreover, the multiple regression analysis showed that the predictor of the greatest effect for domestic and complex domains was dominant hand dexterity. Discussion/Conclusion: These results revealed that dominant hand dexterity strongly affected domestic and complex ADL in older adults with MCI. There were age-related changes regarding lateral asymmetrical motor reduction, especially in cognitive tasks. However, complex tasks involving cognitive function may need dominant, nondominant and bimanual hand dexterity.
{"title":"Correlations between Hand Dexterity and Bimanual Coordination on the Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment","authors":"Prathomchai Rattanawan","doi":"10.1159/000521644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521644","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aims: Many motor impairments are present in older adults with cognitive decline. One of them is the impairment of hand dexterity and bimanual coordination that result in poor functional ability in the activities of daily living (ADL). This study investigated the effects of hand dexterity and bimanual coordination declination on the sub-domains of ADL in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Thirty-one senior individuals with MCI were recruited in this study. The Purdue Pegboard Test was used to measure hand dexterity, and bimanual coordination was assessed by the continuous circle-drawing task. Their ADL were assessed with the General Activity Daily Living questionnaire. Results: The correlations analysis showed an association between the dominant hand and bimanual dexterity with the domestic domain of ADL and all conditions of hand dexterity with the complex domain of ADL. Moreover, the multiple regression analysis showed that the predictor of the greatest effect for domestic and complex domains was dominant hand dexterity. Discussion/Conclusion: These results revealed that dominant hand dexterity strongly affected domestic and complex ADL in older adults with MCI. There were age-related changes regarding lateral asymmetrical motor reduction, especially in cognitive tasks. However, complex tasks involving cognitive function may need dominant, nondominant and bimanual hand dexterity.","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"12 1","pages":"24 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46452813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben Kamsvaag, K. Tevik, J. Šaltytė Benth, Bei Wu, S. Bergh, G. Selbaek, A. Helvik
Introduction: The time from symptom debut to assessment of cognitive impairment (TSA) is usually substantial, and many factors can influence the length of this interval. Our objective was to discern whether elevated alcohol consumption is associated with TSA. Methods: Alcohol consumption was measured among 3,236 older Norwegians assessed for cognitive impairment. Elevated consumption was defined as drinking 4–7 times a week. TSA was defined as the number of months between symptom debut and assessment. The association between alcohol consumption and TSA was examined with a multiple regression analysis controlled for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Results: Mean (SD) and median TSA were 34.8 (35.8) and 24.0 months, respectively. Elevated alcohol consumption was not associated with TSA. Longer TSA was associated with being male, having a high education level, being retired or unemployed, being single, having low scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or Personal Activities of Daily Living (PADL), having high subsyndrome scores of depression or agitation on The Neuropsychiatric Inventory – Questionnaire (NPI-Q), or having a spouse/cohabitant as the designated next of kin. Conclusion: This study indicates that elevated alcohol consumption does not influence TSA. Possible explanations are discussed, but further research is needed to determine the effect of alcohol definitively. We did identify other novel characteristics associated with TSA which may be important in minimizing the risk of delayed cognitive assessments and should be kept in mind when considering assessment.
{"title":"Does Elevated Alcohol Consumption Delay the Diagnostic Assessment of Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults?","authors":"Ben Kamsvaag, K. Tevik, J. Šaltytė Benth, Bei Wu, S. Bergh, G. Selbaek, A. Helvik","doi":"10.1159/000521924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521924","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The time from symptom debut to assessment of cognitive impairment (TSA) is usually substantial, and many factors can influence the length of this interval. Our objective was to discern whether elevated alcohol consumption is associated with TSA. Methods: Alcohol consumption was measured among 3,236 older Norwegians assessed for cognitive impairment. Elevated consumption was defined as drinking 4–7 times a week. TSA was defined as the number of months between symptom debut and assessment. The association between alcohol consumption and TSA was examined with a multiple regression analysis controlled for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Results: Mean (SD) and median TSA were 34.8 (35.8) and 24.0 months, respectively. Elevated alcohol consumption was not associated with TSA. Longer TSA was associated with being male, having a high education level, being retired or unemployed, being single, having low scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or Personal Activities of Daily Living (PADL), having high subsyndrome scores of depression or agitation on The Neuropsychiatric Inventory – Questionnaire (NPI-Q), or having a spouse/cohabitant as the designated next of kin. Conclusion: This study indicates that elevated alcohol consumption does not influence TSA. Possible explanations are discussed, but further research is needed to determine the effect of alcohol definitively. We did identify other novel characteristics associated with TSA which may be important in minimizing the risk of delayed cognitive assessments and should be kept in mind when considering assessment.","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"12 1","pages":"14 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47109298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Research on music therapy for dementia has taken a variety of measures and has been slow to consolidate evidence. Examining the outcomes that are currently being investigated and the measures that have been used can be useful for future research on music therapy for dementia. Objectives: This study used cited original papers from a review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to determine if there are items that should be measured or scales that should be used in conducting research on music therapy for dementia. The rating scales used and the outcomes examined were extracted. Method: We used Dodd’s criteria to identify (1) the outcome domains examined in music therapy for dementia, (2) the measures used, and (3) the measures capable of detecting significant intervention effects. Result: A search for reviews was conducted, and 7 systematic reviews (78 articles) were identified. Among them, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. The 30 articles examined 18 of the 38 items in Dodd’s outcome categories, while 20 items were not examined, and 78 different survey methods were used. The items most frequently surveyed in the studies were psychiatric outcomes, cognitive functioning, and global quality of life general outcomes. Conclusions: We found that many studies investigated cognitive function, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and quality of life; compared to BPSD, various types of rating scales were used for cognitive function. By standardizing the rating scales, we can contribute to the accumulation of evidence for music therapy for dementia.
{"title":"The Assessments of Music Therapy for Dementia Based on the Cochrane Review","authors":"Makiko Abe, K. Tabei, M. Satoh","doi":"10.1159/000521231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521231","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Research on music therapy for dementia has taken a variety of measures and has been slow to consolidate evidence. Examining the outcomes that are currently being investigated and the measures that have been used can be useful for future research on music therapy for dementia. Objectives: This study used cited original papers from a review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to determine if there are items that should be measured or scales that should be used in conducting research on music therapy for dementia. The rating scales used and the outcomes examined were extracted. Method: We used Dodd’s criteria to identify (1) the outcome domains examined in music therapy for dementia, (2) the measures used, and (3) the measures capable of detecting significant intervention effects. Result: A search for reviews was conducted, and 7 systematic reviews (78 articles) were identified. Among them, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. The 30 articles examined 18 of the 38 items in Dodd’s outcome categories, while 20 items were not examined, and 78 different survey methods were used. The items most frequently surveyed in the studies were psychiatric outcomes, cognitive functioning, and global quality of life general outcomes. Conclusions: We found that many studies investigated cognitive function, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and quality of life; compared to BPSD, various types of rating scales were used for cognitive function. By standardizing the rating scales, we can contribute to the accumulation of evidence for music therapy for dementia.","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"12 1","pages":"6 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42738668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad J Rababa, Shatha Al-Sabbah, Dania Bani Hamad
Introduction: Control over nursing practice is crucial for improved quality of life for nursing home (NH) residents. Nevertheless, little is known about the association of nurses’ demographic data with their perceived control over nursing practice in Jordan and beyond. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the differences in nurses’ levels of perceived control over nursing practice based on their demographic characteristics. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on a convenience sample of 163 nurses caring for NH residents. Nurses’ perceived control over nursing practice was measured by the Control Over Nursing Practice (CONP) scale. Results: The participating nurses were found to have low levels of perceived control over nursing practice which varied between the nurse groups according to gender, level of experience, and type of NHs. Discussion/Conclusion: This study is the first quantitative study to examine association between nurses’ demographic characteristics, such as age or years of nursing experience, and their perceived control over nursing practice. Despite the preliminary findings of this study, the findings of this study provide a better understanding of the impact of nurses’ sociodemographic and professional characteristics on their levels of perceived control over nursing practice.
{"title":"Demographic Data Differences in Perceived Control over Nursing Practice among Nurses Caring for Nursing Home Residents","authors":"Mohammad J Rababa, Shatha Al-Sabbah, Dania Bani Hamad","doi":"10.1159/000521284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521284","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Control over nursing practice is crucial for improved quality of life for nursing home (NH) residents. Nevertheless, little is known about the association of nurses’ demographic data with their perceived control over nursing practice in Jordan and beyond. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the differences in nurses’ levels of perceived control over nursing practice based on their demographic characteristics. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on a convenience sample of 163 nurses caring for NH residents. Nurses’ perceived control over nursing practice was measured by the Control Over Nursing Practice (CONP) scale. Results: The participating nurses were found to have low levels of perceived control over nursing practice which varied between the nurse groups according to gender, level of experience, and type of NHs. Discussion/Conclusion: This study is the first quantitative study to examine association between nurses’ demographic characteristics, such as age or years of nursing experience, and their perceived control over nursing practice. Despite the preliminary findings of this study, the findings of this study provide a better understanding of the impact of nurses’ sociodemographic and professional characteristics on their levels of perceived control over nursing practice.","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"12 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47599409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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