Pub Date : 2024-10-09eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1159/000541517
Daphnée Carrier, Élodie Toulouse, Christian M Rochefort
Introduction: Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) are a group of highly prevalent symptoms in residents with a neurocognitive disorder, including agitation and depressive symptoms. Caregiving staff often mention knowledge and skills deficits regarding optimal BPSD management. While several staff training on BPSDs management exist internationally, their transferability to other clinical contexts is limited, owing to methodological challenges. Therefore, to address this implementation gap, there is a strong need for training based on high-quality research to strengthen existing evidence, and ensure feasibility and reproducibility.
Methods: This qualitative study, part of a larger research project, occurred in 2022 on long-term care (LTC) centre unit and an alternate level of care (ALC) hospital unit located in the Province of Quebec, Canada. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the needs and perceptions of staff caregivers regarding BPSD management, (2) identify the training content and modalities to prioritize according to experts, (3) develop intradisciplinary training on BPSD management, and (4) pretest the preliminary version of the training. Objectives one and two were evaluated using focus groups and objective four using individual cognitive interviews. Qualitative interview data was audio-recorded with participants' consent, transcribed verbatim, and thematically content analysed using an established method.
Results: Overall, thirteen caregivers participated in objective one (8 from the LTC unit, and 6 from the ALC unit). The main staff training need identified on each site was the management of resident's aggressive behaviours. Staff verbalized a preference for virtual training. Objective 2 involved a panel of eight experts. Experts recommended the use of an online training platform, and certain training models and indicators. Based on caregivers' and experts' input, five interactive online staff training capsules lasting from 20 to 25 min each and an algorithm guiding the evaluation and management of BPSDs were created. The training capsules and the algorithm were iteratively improved following cognitive interviews with 4 caregivers from the participating sites.
Conclusion: An interactive virtual staff training on BPSD management was created based on staff and expert consultation. The next step in the investigation will be to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the training.
{"title":"The Development of an Intradisciplinary Staff Training Intervention on the Optimal Management of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Daphnée Carrier, Élodie Toulouse, Christian M Rochefort","doi":"10.1159/000541517","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) are a group of highly prevalent symptoms in residents with a neurocognitive disorder, including agitation and depressive symptoms. Caregiving staff often mention knowledge and skills deficits regarding optimal BPSD management. While several staff training on BPSDs management exist internationally, their transferability to other clinical contexts is limited, owing to methodological challenges. Therefore, to address this implementation gap, there is a strong need for training based on high-quality research to strengthen existing evidence, and ensure feasibility and reproducibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study, part of a larger research project, occurred in 2022 on long-term care (LTC) centre unit and an alternate level of care (ALC) hospital unit located in the Province of Quebec, Canada. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the needs and perceptions of staff caregivers regarding BPSD management, (2) identify the training content and modalities to prioritize according to experts, (3) develop intradisciplinary training on BPSD management, and (4) pretest the preliminary version of the training. Objectives one and two were evaluated using focus groups and objective four using individual cognitive interviews. Qualitative interview data was audio-recorded with participants' consent, transcribed verbatim, and thematically content analysed using an established method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, thirteen caregivers participated in objective one (8 from the LTC unit, and 6 from the ALC unit). The main staff training need identified on each site was the management of resident's aggressive behaviours. Staff verbalized a preference for virtual training. Objective 2 involved a panel of eight experts. Experts recommended the use of an online training platform, and certain training models and indicators. Based on caregivers' and experts' input, five interactive online staff training capsules lasting from 20 to 25 min each and an algorithm guiding the evaluation and management of BPSDs were created. The training capsules and the algorithm were iteratively improved following cognitive interviews with 4 caregivers from the participating sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An interactive virtual staff training on BPSD management was created based on staff and expert consultation. The next step in the investigation will be to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the training.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"14 1","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11573358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1159/000541066
Jan-Luca Meyer, Elzbieta Buczak-Stec, Hans-Helmut König, André Hajek
Introduction: The objective of this study was to clarify the frequency of fear of dementia and the factors associated with it.
Methods: Data were taken from a nationally representative sample (n = 4,000; average age was 54.9 years, SD: 8.5 years, age ranges from 40 to 70 years, 49.6% of the respondents were women). Similar to prior research, fear of dementia was quantified using a tool ranging from 1 (no fear of dementia) to 4 (severe fear of dementia).
Results: In sum, 19.0% reported no fear of dementia, 34.6% reported a little fear of dementia, 33.8% reported some fear of dementia, and 12.7% reported severe fear of dementia. Regressions showed that greater fear of dementia was significantly associated with being female, being younger, poorer self-rated health, the presence of at least one chronic disease, not living in the same household with a partner or not being in a relationship at all, having depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms.
Conclusion: Study findings showed that fear of dementia is particularly associated with health-related factors, age and gender. Lifestyle factors and other socioeconomic factors were only occasionally significant. Future research should explore the reasons for such a higher frequency of people's fear of dementia. It would also be interesting to find out new factors associated with the fear of dementia. Furthermore, further research could focus on cross-country comparisons and could stratify the results by important groups, e.g., by sex or education, but also cultural and ethnic aspects.
{"title":"Fear of Dementia among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Germany.","authors":"Jan-Luca Meyer, Elzbieta Buczak-Stec, Hans-Helmut König, André Hajek","doi":"10.1159/000541066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of this study was to clarify the frequency of fear of dementia and the factors associated with it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were taken from a nationally representative sample (<i>n</i> = 4,000; average age was 54.9 years, SD: 8.5 years, age ranges from 40 to 70 years, 49.6% of the respondents were women). Similar to prior research, fear of dementia was quantified using a tool ranging from 1 (no fear of dementia) to 4 (severe fear of dementia).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In sum, 19.0% reported no fear of dementia, 34.6% reported a little fear of dementia, 33.8% reported some fear of dementia, and 12.7% reported severe fear of dementia. Regressions showed that greater fear of dementia was significantly associated with being female, being younger, poorer self-rated health, the presence of at least one chronic disease, not living in the same household with a partner or not being in a relationship at all, having depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Study findings showed that fear of dementia is particularly associated with health-related factors, age and gender. Lifestyle factors and other socioeconomic factors were only occasionally significant. Future research should explore the reasons for such a higher frequency of people's fear of dementia. It would also be interesting to find out new factors associated with the fear of dementia. Furthermore, further research could focus on cross-country comparisons and could stratify the results by important groups, e.g., by sex or education, but also cultural and ethnic aspects.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"14 1","pages":"96-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Although the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is higher in older people compared to younger people, dementia has also been documented in younger adults. Although early-onset dementia and late-onset dementia had been considered a single disease in pathological investigations, many studies revealed differences in cognitive and neuroimaging changes between them. We evaluated differences in cognitive and neuroimaging changes among the following groups: individuals with early-onset AD (EOAD), late-onset AD (LOAD), early-onset mild cognitive impairment (EOMCI), or late-onset MCI (LOMCI), and healthy controls (HCs).
Methods: Patients underwent both a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scan and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Differences in regional gray matter volumes and MMSE subscales were investigated among the five diagnostic groups.
Results: Compared to the EOAD group, the LOAD group had significantly higher scores on orientation in place. Compared to the LOMCI patients, the EOMCI patients achieved significantly higher recall scores. The LOAD and LOMC groups showed significant volume reductions in bilateral medial temporal regions compared to the HCs. The EOAD and EOMCI groups did not show significant atrophy of the medial temporal region compared to the HC group.
Conclusions: The hippocampal volume and memory were preserved in the patients with EOMCI or EOAD compared to those with LOMCI or LOAD. These findings may indicate that the distinct and differing patterns of neuropsychological changes between EOAD and LOAD are also common in MCI, which is intermediate between normal cognition and AD.
{"title":"Characteristics of Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Influenced by the Time of Onset.","authors":"Hiroyuki Sato, Miho Ota, Ayako Kitabatake, Yuriko Numata, Takumi Takahashi, Masashi Tamura, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Tetsuaki Arai","doi":"10.1159/000541092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is higher in older people compared to younger people, dementia has also been documented in younger adults. Although early-onset dementia and late-onset dementia had been considered a single disease in pathological investigations, many studies revealed differences in cognitive and neuroimaging changes between them. We evaluated differences in cognitive and neuroimaging changes among the following groups: individuals with early-onset AD (EOAD), late-onset AD (LOAD), early-onset mild cognitive impairment (EOMCI), or late-onset MCI (LOMCI), and healthy controls (HCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients underwent both a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scan and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Differences in regional gray matter volumes and MMSE subscales were investigated among the five diagnostic groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the EOAD group, the LOAD group had significantly higher scores on orientation in place. Compared to the LOMCI patients, the EOMCI patients achieved significantly higher recall scores. The LOAD and LOMC groups showed significant volume reductions in bilateral medial temporal regions compared to the HCs. The EOAD and EOMCI groups did not show significant atrophy of the medial temporal region compared to the HC group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The hippocampal volume and memory were preserved in the patients with EOMCI or EOAD compared to those with LOMCI or LOAD. These findings may indicate that the distinct and differing patterns of neuropsychological changes between EOAD and LOAD are also common in MCI, which is intermediate between normal cognition and AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"14 1","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1159/000541237
Luc Viet Tran, Thanh Xuan Nguyen, Thu Thi Hoai Nguyen, Huong Thi Thu Nguyen, Tam Ngoc Nguyen, Anh Lan Nguyen, Vasikaran Naganathan, Janani Thillainadesan, Huong Thi Thanh Nguyen, Anh Trung Nguyen, Huyen Thi Thanh Vu
Introduction: The identification of geriatric syndromes in people with dementia is important. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of geriatric syndromes among dementia outpatients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted enrolling outpatients with dementia aged ≥60 years old. Dementia was diagnosed by neuropsychiatrists following DSM-5 criteria. The geriatric syndromes assessed included nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale-Short Form), polypharmacy, comorbidities, alcohol use, depression (quality of life in Alzheimer disease), functional status (Barthel Index, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living); lower body strength (30 s stand chair test), and frailty (Timed Up and Go test ≥14 s).
Results: A total of 87 participants was recruited in the study (mean age: 76.8 ± 1.2 years; female: 65.5%). The median number of geriatric syndromes per participant was 5 (IQR = 2); all participants had two or more geriatric syndromes. The most common geriatric syndromes were loss of independence (96.6% impairment in >1 IADL task score and 74.7% dependency in physical function at based on Barthel Index), reduced lower body strength (86.2%), malnutrition and risk of malnutrition (78.2%), and frailty (67.8%). Current and history of smoking, drinking alcohol, using memantine therapy, malnourishment and risk of malnourishment were significantly associated with increasing severity of dementia.
Conclusion: The presence and coincidence of geriatric syndromes is common among outpatients with dementia. These findings have important clinical implications in terms of the assessment and service delivery for older adults in Vietnam. We are exploring ways to enhance our services to provide comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches to screening, recognition, and treatment of geriatric syndromes in older adults with dementia.
{"title":"Prevalence of Geriatric Syndromes among Older Outpatients with Dementia.","authors":"Luc Viet Tran, Thanh Xuan Nguyen, Thu Thi Hoai Nguyen, Huong Thi Thu Nguyen, Tam Ngoc Nguyen, Anh Lan Nguyen, Vasikaran Naganathan, Janani Thillainadesan, Huong Thi Thanh Nguyen, Anh Trung Nguyen, Huyen Thi Thanh Vu","doi":"10.1159/000541237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The identification of geriatric syndromes in people with dementia is important. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of geriatric syndromes among dementia outpatients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted enrolling outpatients with dementia aged ≥60 years old. Dementia was diagnosed by neuropsychiatrists following DSM-5 criteria. The geriatric syndromes assessed included nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale-Short Form), polypharmacy, comorbidities, alcohol use, depression (quality of life in Alzheimer disease), functional status (Barthel Index, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living); lower body strength (30 s stand chair test), and frailty (Timed Up and Go test ≥14 s).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 87 participants was recruited in the study (mean age: 76.8 ± 1.2 years; female: 65.5%). The median number of geriatric syndromes per participant was 5 (IQR = 2); all participants had two or more geriatric syndromes. The most common geriatric syndromes were loss of independence (96.6% impairment in >1 IADL task score and 74.7% dependency in physical function at based on Barthel Index), reduced lower body strength (86.2%), malnutrition and risk of malnutrition (78.2%), and frailty (67.8%). Current and history of smoking, drinking alcohol, using memantine therapy, malnourishment and risk of malnourishment were significantly associated with increasing severity of dementia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence and coincidence of geriatric syndromes is common among outpatients with dementia. These findings have important clinical implications in terms of the assessment and service delivery for older adults in Vietnam. We are exploring ways to enhance our services to provide comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches to screening, recognition, and treatment of geriatric syndromes in older adults with dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"14 1","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The cognitive function score (CFS) is a public scale for assessing the activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults with dementia in Japan. In contrast, the scores of the revised Hasegawa's dementia scale (HDS-R), an easy-to-use dementia screening tool developed in Japan, are significantly correlated with mini-mental state examination scores and are widely utilized in various countries. This novel study aimed to elucidate the previously unexplored criterion-related validity of the CFS and HDS-R and the Bedriddenness Rank (BR), Barthel index (BI), and Katz index (KI).
Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study and a secondary analysis of our previous study. The study included patients aged ≥20 years hospitalized in chronic care settings between April 1, 2018, and March 31, 2021. We collected data from medical charts on admission, including age, sex, the BR, CFS, BI, KI, and HDS-R scores. Correlations between the CFS and HDS-R score, as well as between the BR and BI or KI, were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients.
Results: A total of 749 participants were included in the analysis of criterion-related validity between the CFS and HDS-R. In the CFS cohort analysis, 202 patients (27.0%) were categorized as having a normal CFS, and the median HDS-R score was 18 (range: 6-26). The correlation coefficient between the CFS and HDS-R scores was -0.834 (p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between BR and BI was -0.741 (p < 0.001), BR and KI was -0.740 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The CFS revealed significant criterion-related validity compared with the established cognitive assessment scale, the HDS-R. The BR also demonstrated significant criterion-related validity with the BI and KI.
简介认知功能评分(CFS)是日本用于评估老年痴呆症患者日常生活活动能力(ADL)的公共量表。相比之下,修订版长谷川痴呆量表(HDS-R)是日本开发的一种易于使用的痴呆筛查工具,其得分与迷你精神状态检查得分显著相关,并在各国广泛使用。这项新研究旨在阐明 CFS 和 HDS-R 与 Bedriddenness Rank (BR)、Barthel index (BI) 和 Katz index (KI) 标准相关的有效性:这是一项多中心回顾性研究,也是对我们之前研究的二次分析。研究对象包括2018年4月1日至2021年3月31日期间在慢性病护理机构住院的年龄≥20岁的患者。我们从入院时的病历中收集了数据,包括年龄、性别、BR、CFS、BI、KI 和 HDS-R 评分。我们使用斯皮尔曼等级相关系数分析了CFS和HDS-R评分之间以及BR和BI或KI之间的相关性:共有 749 名参与者参与了 CFS 和 HDS-R 标准相关有效性分析。在CFS队列分析中,有202名患者(27.0%)被归类为正常CFS,HDS-R评分的中位数为18分(范围:6-26)。CFS和HDS-R评分之间的相关系数为-0.834(p < 0.001)。BR与BI的相关系数为-0.741(P < 0.001),BR与KI的相关系数为-0.740(P < 0.001):与已有的认知评估量表(HDS-R)相比,CFS具有明显的标准相关有效性。与 BI 和 KI 相比,BR 也显示出明显的标准相关有效性。
{"title":"Criterion-Related Validity of the Cognitive Function Score with the Revised Hasegawa's Dementia Scale and the Bedriddenness Rank with the Barthel Index and the Katz Index: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study.","authors":"Risa Hirata, Naoko E Katsuki, Hitomi Shimada, Eiji Nakatani, Kiyoshi Shikino, Maiko Ono, Chihiro Saito, Kaori Amari, Kazuya Kurogi, Mariko Yoshimura, Tomoyo Nishi, Shizuka Yaita, Yoshimasa Oda, Midori Tokushima, Yuka Hirakawa, Masahiko Nakamura, Shun Yamashita, Yoshinori Tokushima, Hidetoshi Aihara, Motoshi Fujiwara, Masaki Tago","doi":"10.1159/000540430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000540430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The cognitive function score (CFS) is a public scale for assessing the activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults with dementia in Japan. In contrast, the scores of the revised Hasegawa's dementia scale (HDS-R), an easy-to-use dementia screening tool developed in Japan, are significantly correlated with mini-mental state examination scores and are widely utilized in various countries. This novel study aimed to elucidate the previously unexplored criterion-related validity of the CFS and HDS-R and the Bedriddenness Rank (BR), Barthel index (BI), and Katz index (KI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a multicenter retrospective study and a secondary analysis of our previous study. The study included patients aged ≥20 years hospitalized in chronic care settings between April 1, 2018, and March 31, 2021. We collected data from medical charts on admission, including age, sex, the BR, CFS, BI, KI, and HDS-R scores. Correlations between the CFS and HDS-R score, as well as between the BR and BI or KI, were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 749 participants were included in the analysis of criterion-related validity between the CFS and HDS-R. In the CFS cohort analysis, 202 patients (27.0%) were categorized as having a normal CFS, and the median HDS-R score was 18 (range: 6-26). The correlation coefficient between the CFS and HDS-R scores was -0.834 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between BR and BI was -0.741 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), BR and KI was -0.740 (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CFS revealed significant criterion-related validity compared with the established cognitive assessment scale, the HDS-R. The BR also demonstrated significant criterion-related validity with the BI and KI.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"14 1","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1159/000539060
Ahmad Delbari, Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei, Payam Jannatdoust, Amirali Azimi, Mohammad Bidkhori, Mohammad Saatchi, Mahshid Foroughan, Elham Hooshmand
Introduction: The rise in the elderly population has brought attention to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Sleep disorders also affect many older adults, indicating an important area of research for disturbed sleep and faster brain aging. This population-based study aimed to investigate the association of several sleep indicators with cognitive performance.
Methods: This cross-sectional study focused on adults over 50 in the Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging (ACSA). MCI was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Abbreviated Mental Test score (AMTS) in literate and illiterate individuals. Sleep characteristics were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Berlin questionnaire. The logistic regression models were used to analyze the data.
Results: Overall, 3,380 literate and 1,558 illiterate individuals were included. In both groups, participants with MCI had a significantly higher PSQI global score (p < 0.05). Also, among the literate individuals, a significantly higher risk of having sleep-disordered breathing and poor sleep quality was observed in participants with MCI (p < 0.05). In illiterate individuals, higher sleep latency than 15 min increased odds of MCI (p < 0.05). However, after adjusting for all variables, only literate individuals with a sleep duration of more than 8 h had 66 percent increased odds of having MCI (p = 0.033).
Conclusion: Sleep duration might be associated with cognitive function in the older Iranian population. Our findings underscore the importance of considering sleep patterns in relation to cognitive health.
{"title":"The Relation of Sleep Characteristics and Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging (ACSA).","authors":"Ahmad Delbari, Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei, Payam Jannatdoust, Amirali Azimi, Mohammad Bidkhori, Mohammad Saatchi, Mahshid Foroughan, Elham Hooshmand","doi":"10.1159/000539060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000539060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rise in the elderly population has brought attention to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Sleep disorders also affect many older adults, indicating an important area of research for disturbed sleep and faster brain aging. This population-based study aimed to investigate the association of several sleep indicators with cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study focused on adults over 50 in the Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging (ACSA). MCI was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Abbreviated Mental Test score (AMTS) in literate and illiterate individuals. Sleep characteristics were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Berlin questionnaire. The logistic regression models were used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 3,380 literate and 1,558 illiterate individuals were included. In both groups, participants with MCI had a significantly higher PSQI global score (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Also, among the literate individuals, a significantly higher risk of having sleep-disordered breathing and poor sleep quality was observed in participants with MCI (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In illiterate individuals, higher sleep latency than 15 min increased odds of MCI (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, after adjusting for all variables, only literate individuals with a sleep duration of more than 8 h had 66 percent increased odds of having MCI (<i>p</i> = 0.033).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sleep duration might be associated with cognitive function in the older Iranian population. Our findings underscore the importance of considering sleep patterns in relation to cognitive health.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"14 1","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-18eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1159/000535207
Grace Wei, Olivier Piguet, Fiona Kumfor
Introduction: Growing research has shown the negative impact of social isolation on the health and psychological well-being of individuals with dementia and their carers. This study investigated the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention for dementia carers during a lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Twenty-three family carers of individuals diagnosed with dementia living in the community were recruited and provided with an online psychoeducation toolkit that aims to improve health literacy, management of social and behavioural symptoms in dementia, carer social engagement, and coping skills. Carers were divided into "mild" or "moderate" groups based on the disease severity of the person with dementia they cared for. Outcome measures including distress and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, carer self-efficacy and burden, social network, and feelings of loneliness were assessed at baseline and 2 weeks later.
Results: Carers in the moderate group reported higher levels of distress (p = 0.001) and severity (p < 0.001) of neuropsychiatric symptoms and greater carer burden (p = 0.003) than carers in the mild group. Following the intervention, both groups reported increased social networks (p = 0.001). In addition, carers in the moderate group reported significantly reduced distress for neuropsychiatric symptoms (p = 0.013), enhanced carer self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts (p = 0.040), and decreased loneliness (p = 0.023).
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that psychosocial interventions improve outcomes for carers of individuals with dementia, particularly those caring for individuals with greater disease severity. Findings from this study will inform the development of support services that meet the evolving needs of individuals with dementia and their carers in social isolation, during and in a post-pandemic context.
{"title":"A Psychosocial Intervention for Carers of Individuals Diagnosed with Dementia in Social Isolation.","authors":"Grace Wei, Olivier Piguet, Fiona Kumfor","doi":"10.1159/000535207","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Growing research has shown the negative impact of social isolation on the health and psychological well-being of individuals with dementia and their carers. This study investigated the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention for dementia carers during a lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three family carers of individuals diagnosed with dementia living in the community were recruited and provided with an online psychoeducation toolkit that aims to improve health literacy, management of social and behavioural symptoms in dementia, carer social engagement, and coping skills. Carers were divided into \"mild\" or \"moderate\" groups based on the disease severity of the person with dementia they cared for. Outcome measures including distress and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, carer self-efficacy and burden, social network, and feelings of loneliness were assessed at baseline and 2 weeks later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Carers in the moderate group reported higher levels of distress (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and severity (<i>p</i> < 0.001) of neuropsychiatric symptoms and greater carer burden (<i>p</i> = 0.003) than carers in the mild group. Following the intervention, both groups reported increased social networks (<i>p</i> = 0.001). In addition, carers in the moderate group reported significantly reduced distress for neuropsychiatric symptoms (<i>p</i> = 0.013), enhanced carer self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts (<i>p</i> = 0.040), and decreased loneliness (<i>p</i> = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated that psychosocial interventions improve outcomes for carers of individuals with dementia, particularly those caring for individuals with greater disease severity. Findings from this study will inform the development of support services that meet the evolving needs of individuals with dementia and their carers in social isolation, during and in a post-pandemic context.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"13 1","pages":"48-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138811540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeynep Tufekcioglu, Johannes Lange, Kenn Freddy Pedersen, Ole-Bjørn Tysnes, Guido Alves, Murat Emre
Background: In patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta 1-42 (Ab42) at baseline is the most consistent CSF biomarker as a risk factor for developing dementia. Low CSF Ab42 is, however, a typical hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, low CSF Ab42 in patients with PD may indicate presence of co-morbid AD pathology and may predict a more AD-like cognitive profile when they develop dementia. Our study aims to investigate if low CSF Ab42 at baseline is associated with a more AD-like cognitive profile in PD patients with dementia. Methods: In a prospectively followed-up, population-based cohort of newly diagnosed PD patients, we compared the cognitive profile of dementia in those with a low CSF Ab42 level at baseline with that of patients who had normal levels, at the time when they developed dementia. Four different cognitive domain z scores (memory, attention, executive, visuospatial) were calculated. Patients were subdivided into three tertiles or categorized dichotomously, based on the baseline CSF Ab42 levels as measured by ECL and ELISA. Results: During 10-year follow-up, 37 patients met the inclusion criteria. Memory domain composite z-scores, memory subtests z-scores and the difference between long-delay free recall versus recognition scores were not significantly different between the groups. Composite z-scores of visuospatial functions significantly differed between the tertiles, which was not significant after Bonferroni correction. In the dichotomous group analysis, z-scores of visuospatial functions significantly differed between the two groups. The other cognitive domain z-scores were not significantly different. Conclusions: In patients with PD dementia low CSF Ab42 level at baseline is not associated with a specific cognitive profile.
{"title":"COGNITIVE PROFILE IN PD DEMENTIA PATIENTS WITH LOW VERSUS NORMAL CSF AMYLOID BETA","authors":"Zeynep Tufekcioglu, Johannes Lange, Kenn Freddy Pedersen, Ole-Bjørn Tysnes, Guido Alves, Murat Emre","doi":"10.1159/000534552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000534552","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta 1-42 (Ab42) at baseline is the most consistent CSF biomarker as a risk factor for developing dementia. Low CSF Ab42 is, however, a typical hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, low CSF Ab42 in patients with PD may indicate presence of co-morbid AD pathology and may predict a more AD-like cognitive profile when they develop dementia. Our study aims to investigate if low CSF Ab42 at baseline is associated with a more AD-like cognitive profile in PD patients with dementia. Methods: In a prospectively followed-up, population-based cohort of newly diagnosed PD patients, we compared the cognitive profile of dementia in those with a low CSF Ab42 level at baseline with that of patients who had normal levels, at the time when they developed dementia. Four different cognitive domain z scores (memory, attention, executive, visuospatial) were calculated. Patients were subdivided into three tertiles or categorized dichotomously, based on the baseline CSF Ab42 levels as measured by ECL and ELISA. Results: During 10-year follow-up, 37 patients met the inclusion criteria. Memory domain composite z-scores, memory subtests z-scores and the difference between long-delay free recall versus recognition scores were not significantly different between the groups. Composite z-scores of visuospatial functions significantly differed between the tertiles, which was not significant after Bonferroni correction. In the dichotomous group analysis, z-scores of visuospatial functions significantly differed between the two groups. The other cognitive domain z-scores were not significantly different. Conclusions: In patients with PD dementia low CSF Ab42 level at baseline is not associated with a specific cognitive profile.","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"32 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1159/000533693
Lily Puterman-Salzman, Jory Katz, Howard Bergman, Roland Grad, Vladimir Khanassov, Genevieve Gore, Isabelle Vedel, Machelle Wilchesky, Narges Armanfard, Negar Ghourchian, Samira Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi
Background: Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease resulting in the loss of cognitive and psychological functions. Artificial intelligence (AI) may help in detection and screening of dementia; however, little is known in this area.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate AI interventions for detection of dementia using motion data.
Method: The review followed the framework proposed by O'Malley's and Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance for scoping reviews. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist for reporting the results. An information specialist performed a comprehensive search from the date of inception until November 2020, in five bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, and IEEE Xplore. We included studies aimed at the deployment and testing or implementation of AI interventions using motion data for the detection of dementia among a diverse population, encompassing varying age, sex, gender, economic backgrounds, and ethnicity, extending to their health care providers across multiple health care settings. Studies were excluded if they focused on Parkinson's or Huntington's disease. Two independent reviewers screened the abstracts, titles, and then read the full-texts. Disagreements were resolved by consensus, and if this was not possible, the opinion of a third reviewer was sought. The reference lists of included studies were also screened.
Results: After removing duplicates, 2,632 articles were obtained. After title and abstract screening and full-text screening, 839 articles were considered for categorization. The authors categorized the papers into six categories, and data extraction and synthesis was performed on 20 included papers from the motion tracking data category. The included studies assessed cognitive performance (n = 5, 25%); screened dementia and cognitive decline (n = 8, 40%); investigated visual behaviours (n = 4, 20%); and analyzed motor behaviors (n = 3, 15%).
Conclusions: We presented evidence of AI systems being employed in the detection of dementia, showcasing the promising potential of motion tracking within this domain. Although some progress has been made in this field recently, there remain notable research gaps that require further exploration and investigation. Future endeavors need to compare AI interventions using motion data with traditional screening methods or other tech-enabled dementia detection mechanisms. Besides, future works should aim at understanding how gender and sex, and ethnic and cultural sensitivity can contribute to refining AI interventions, ensuring they are accessible, equitable, and beneficial across all society.
背景:痴呆症是一种导致认知和心理功能丧失的神经退行性疾病。人工智能(AI)可能有助于痴呆症的检测和筛查;然而,在这方面知之甚少。目的:本研究的目的是利用运动数据识别和评估人工智能干预措施对痴呆症的检测。方法:审查遵循了奥马利和乔安娜·布里格斯研究所提出的范围审查方法指南框架。我们遵循系统评价的首选报告项目和范围界定评价的荟萃分析扩展(PRISMA ScR)检查表来报告结果。一位信息专家从成立之日到2020年11月,在五个书目数据库中进行了全面搜索:MEDLINE、EMBASE、Web of Science Core Collection、CINAHL和IEEE Xplore。我们纳入了旨在部署、测试或实施人工智能干预措施的研究,这些干预措施使用运动数据在不同人群中检测痴呆症,包括不同的年龄、性别、性别、经济背景和种族,并扩展到多个医疗保健环境中的医疗保健提供者。如果研究的重点是帕金森氏症或亨廷顿舞蹈症,则被排除在外。两名独立评审员对摘要、标题进行筛选,然后阅读全文。分歧以协商一致的方式解决,如果不可能,则征求第三位审查员的意见。纳入研究的参考文献列表也进行了筛选。结果:去除重复项后,共获得2632篇文章。经过标题和摘要筛选以及全文筛选,839篇文章被考虑进行分类。作者将论文分为六类,并对运动跟踪数据类别中的20篇论文进行了数据提取和合成。纳入的研究评估了认知表现(n=5/25%);筛查痴呆和认知能力下降(n=8.40%);调查的视觉行为(n=4,20%);并分析了运动行为(n=3,15%)。结论:我们提供了人工智能系统用于痴呆症检测的证据,展示了该领域运动跟踪的潜力。尽管最近在这一领域取得了一些进展,但仍存在显著的研究空白,需要进一步探索和调查。未来的努力需要将使用运动数据的人工智能干预与传统的筛查方法或其他技术支持的痴呆症检测机制进行比较。此外,未来的工作应旨在了解性别和性别以及种族和文化敏感性如何有助于完善人工智能干预措施,确保这些干预措施在整个社会都是可获得的、公平的和有益的。
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Dementia Using Motion Data: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Lily Puterman-Salzman, Jory Katz, Howard Bergman, Roland Grad, Vladimir Khanassov, Genevieve Gore, Isabelle Vedel, Machelle Wilchesky, Narges Armanfard, Negar Ghourchian, Samira Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi","doi":"10.1159/000533693","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease resulting in the loss of cognitive and psychological functions. Artificial intelligence (AI) may help in detection and screening of dementia; however, little is known in this area.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate AI interventions for detection of dementia using motion data.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The review followed the framework proposed by O'Malley's and Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance for scoping reviews. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist for reporting the results. An information specialist performed a comprehensive search from the date of inception until November 2020, in five bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, and IEEE Xplore. We included studies aimed at the deployment and testing or implementation of AI interventions using motion data for the detection of dementia among a diverse population, encompassing varying age, sex, gender, economic backgrounds, and ethnicity, extending to their health care providers across multiple health care settings. Studies were excluded if they focused on Parkinson's or Huntington's disease. Two independent reviewers screened the abstracts, titles, and then read the full-texts. Disagreements were resolved by consensus, and if this was not possible, the opinion of a third reviewer was sought. The reference lists of included studies were also screened.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After removing duplicates, 2,632 articles were obtained. After title and abstract screening and full-text screening, 839 articles were considered for categorization. The authors categorized the papers into six categories, and data extraction and synthesis was performed on 20 included papers from the motion tracking data category. The included studies assessed cognitive performance (<i>n</i> = 5, 25%); screened dementia and cognitive decline (<i>n</i> = 8, 40%); investigated visual behaviours (<i>n</i> = 4, 20%); and analyzed motor behaviors (<i>n</i> = 3, 15%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We presented evidence of AI systems being employed in the detection of dementia, showcasing the promising potential of motion tracking within this domain. Although some progress has been made in this field recently, there remain notable research gaps that require further exploration and investigation. Future endeavors need to compare AI interventions using motion data with traditional screening methods or other tech-enabled dementia detection mechanisms. Besides, future works should aim at understanding how gender and sex, and ethnic and cultural sensitivity can contribute to refining AI interventions, ensuring they are accessible, equitable, and beneficial across all society.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"13 1","pages":"28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10624450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71486958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1159/000531743
Jedsada Khieukhajee, Arada Rojana-Udomsart, Pinnakarn Srisarakorn, Tanaphon Wongsurit, Saharat Aungsumart
Introduction: Numerous reports regarding cognitive deficits after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), described as "brain fog," have been published. However, the clinical presentations and risk factors of post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment are controversial. This study aimed to assess (a) the prevalence of cognitive impairment after COVID-19 hospitalization, (b) characteristics of the cognitive deficits, (c) risk factors of post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment, and (d) comparison of cognitive function between post-COVID-19 patients and healthy people.
Methods: The study comprised 34 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, admitted to the Neurological Institute of Thailand during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic in 2021-2022. These patients came for neuropsychological and clinical evaluations at 2-week follow-up visit. The cognitive impairment and characteristics were measured by TMSE and MoCA. Clinical risk factors and post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment were assessed. The comparison of cognitive function in post-acute COVID-19 patients and 22 healthy controls was also performed.
Results: The prevalence of post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment defined by a total MoCA score below 25 points was 61.76%. Years of education were the only predictive factors related to cognitive impairment. Our multivariate analysis revealed no statistical difference in cognitive outcomes between post-acute COVID-19 patients and healthy controls.
Conclusion: This study showed a moderate prevalence of cognitive dysfunction after COVID-19 hospitalization similar to previous reports. However, there was no significant difference in cognitive measurements between these patients and healthy people. Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection causes cognitive dysfunction is a myth or fact that still has a long way to prove via further longitudinal study.
{"title":"Cognitive Impairment and Risk Factors in Post-COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients.","authors":"Jedsada Khieukhajee, Arada Rojana-Udomsart, Pinnakarn Srisarakorn, Tanaphon Wongsurit, Saharat Aungsumart","doi":"10.1159/000531743","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000531743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Numerous reports regarding cognitive deficits after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), described as \"brain fog,\" have been published. However, the clinical presentations and risk factors of post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment are controversial. This study aimed to assess (a) the prevalence of cognitive impairment after COVID-19 hospitalization, (b) characteristics of the cognitive deficits, (c) risk factors of post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment, and (d) comparison of cognitive function between post-COVID-19 patients and healthy people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprised 34 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, admitted to the Neurological Institute of Thailand during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic in 2021-2022. These patients came for neuropsychological and clinical evaluations at 2-week follow-up visit. The cognitive impairment and characteristics were measured by TMSE and MoCA. Clinical risk factors and post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment were assessed. The comparison of cognitive function in post-acute COVID-19 patients and 22 healthy controls was also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment defined by a total MoCA score below 25 points was 61.76%. Years of education were the only predictive factors related to cognitive impairment. Our multivariate analysis revealed no statistical difference in cognitive outcomes between post-acute COVID-19 patients and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed a moderate prevalence of cognitive dysfunction after COVID-19 hospitalization similar to previous reports. However, there was no significant difference in cognitive measurements between these patients and healthy people. Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection causes cognitive dysfunction is a myth or fact that still has a long way to prove via further longitudinal study.</p>","PeriodicalId":38017,"journal":{"name":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra","volume":"1 1","pages":"18-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10601842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42353012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}