Pub Date : 2020-03-10DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2019.1732678
Caroline Withall
ABSTRACT The supply of child labour during Britain’s industrial revolution conjures mental imagery of destitute children toiling in mines and mills, but in recent years, historians have demonstrated that children worked in many nooks and crannies of the economy, not just the highly visible new industries. The shipping industry was a vital component of Britain’s commercial success in this period, yet the supply of boys has not received the same scrutiny as the children placed in the cotton industry. The Marine Society is best known for its pivotal role supplying the Royal Navy during manpower crises in the eighteenth century; this research highlights a lesser known aspect of its work, the recruitment of poor boys as apprentices to merchant ships. Using the Society’s apprenticeship registers, information has been gathered on 25,000 boys. Quantitative analysis is brought to life by contemporary newspaper reports and the Society’s treasure trove of correspondence, in order to develop not only a missing piece of maritime history, but also consider themes with wider significance to social and economic history. Individual tales of tragedy and triumph reveal what life was truly like for the boys who rode the crest of the wave, offering an empathetic element to the research.
{"title":"‘And since that time has never been heard of…’ The forgotten boys of the sea: Marine Society merchant sea apprentices, 1772–1873","authors":"Caroline Withall","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2019.1732678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2019.1732678","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The supply of child labour during Britain’s industrial revolution conjures mental imagery of destitute children toiling in mines and mills, but in recent years, historians have demonstrated that children worked in many nooks and crannies of the economy, not just the highly visible new industries. The shipping industry was a vital component of Britain’s commercial success in this period, yet the supply of boys has not received the same scrutiny as the children placed in the cotton industry. The Marine Society is best known for its pivotal role supplying the Royal Navy during manpower crises in the eighteenth century; this research highlights a lesser known aspect of its work, the recruitment of poor boys as apprentices to merchant ships. Using the Society’s apprenticeship registers, information has been gathered on 25,000 boys. Quantitative analysis is brought to life by contemporary newspaper reports and the Society’s treasure trove of correspondence, in order to develop not only a missing piece of maritime history, but also consider themes with wider significance to social and economic history. Individual tales of tragedy and triumph reveal what life was truly like for the boys who rode the crest of the wave, offering an empathetic element to the research.","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80462777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-13DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2019.1706270
J. Greenacre
ABSTRACT The Admiralty and the Royal Navy made extensive use of the British fishing fleet in a variety of auxiliary roles during the First World War. On demobilisation the emphasis quickly switched to increasing the economic output of the British fishing industry and many of the wartime lessons were lost during the following decade. Throughout the interwar period the Admiralty struggled to frame a requirement for the contribution of the fishing fleet in during any future conflict. The contrary interests of minesweeping, anti-submarine warfare and fisheries protection were not reconciled with the result that the overall requirement was never fully visible. As the Second World War approached the Admiralty’s planning was further hampered by a loss of corporate understanding of the fishing fleet’s capabilities, a lack of technical intelligence (in the case of minesweeping) and by the effect of the British fishing crisis. This paper examines the Admiralty’s attempts to establish a coherent policy for the employment of the fishing fleet in an auxiliary role during the interwar period and its results on the outbreak of the Second World War.
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2020.1732662
Catherine Beck
Much of our study of the eighteenth-century Royal Navy has been centred on the lives and careers of admirals. Their professional status has left us with often better records of their service and ma...
{"title":"British flag officers in the French wars 1793–1815: admirals’ lives","authors":"Catherine Beck","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2020.1732662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2020.1732662","url":null,"abstract":"Much of our study of the eighteenth-century Royal Navy has been centred on the lives and careers of admirals. Their professional status has left us with often better records of their service and ma...","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73023668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2020.1753411
Katherine Parker
Much of the historiography of European encounters in the Pacific focuses on the period from 1768 onward, when the emerging British scientific community and the growing British Empire consolidated t...
{"title":"Chasing legacies: William Dampier and Joseph Banks in comparative perspective","authors":"Katherine Parker","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2020.1753411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2020.1753411","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the historiography of European encounters in the Pacific focuses on the period from 1768 onward, when the emerging British scientific community and the growing British Empire consolidated t...","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88835291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
About 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water and only the remaining 30% of it is dry land. In spite of this, even in recent times, attempts to describe human events in a global and deep historical perspective have had the hard and walkable surface of the world as a privileged object, or at least as a favoured framework. Oceanic Histories represents the first attempt ever made in contemporary historiography to counterbalance this intellectual bias with a comprehensive global history focused on the earth’s waters. The book’s structure is made of chapters dealing with the main seas, and all the oceans covering the earth. In this review I will not expand on the contents of each chapter to end up with a simple descriptive summary, but I shall leave to the reader the pleasure of discovering the historical peculiarities of each sea and ocean. What is more interesting, faced with such a significant book, is to understand what kind of historiographic operation we are facing, and how Oceanic Histories dialogues with contemporary academic debate. It is not surprising, in this sense, that the editors of the book come from important universities located at the antipodes of the world, all overlooking, or at least close to the seas that are described in Oceanic Histories, and in countries that played a leading role in the history of the oceans. In order to understand the book, it is also worth noting the different and complementary academic interests of the editors. David Armitage (Harvard University) is a political historian dealing with global circulation of ideas, with a particular focus on the Atlantic area and the role played by England and
{"title":"Oceanic histories","authors":"M. Vink","doi":"10.1017/9781108399722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108399722","url":null,"abstract":"About 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water and only the remaining 30% of it is dry land. In spite of this, even in recent times, attempts to describe human events in a global and deep historical perspective have had the hard and walkable surface of the world as a privileged object, or at least as a favoured framework. Oceanic Histories represents the first attempt ever made in contemporary historiography to counterbalance this intellectual bias with a comprehensive global history focused on the earth’s waters. The book’s structure is made of chapters dealing with the main seas, and all the oceans covering the earth. In this review I will not expand on the contents of each chapter to end up with a simple descriptive summary, but I shall leave to the reader the pleasure of discovering the historical peculiarities of each sea and ocean. What is more interesting, faced with such a significant book, is to understand what kind of historiographic operation we are facing, and how Oceanic Histories dialogues with contemporary academic debate. It is not surprising, in this sense, that the editors of the book come from important universities located at the antipodes of the world, all overlooking, or at least close to the seas that are described in Oceanic Histories, and in countries that played a leading role in the history of the oceans. In order to understand the book, it is also worth noting the different and complementary academic interests of the editors. David Armitage (Harvard University) is a political historian dealing with global circulation of ideas, with a particular focus on the Atlantic area and the role played by England and","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90680638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2020.1732670
Jane Clarke
This book offers a wide-ranging and detailed analysis of the history of the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) from its foundation in 1917 to the end of the Second World War. Adopting an inter-disc...
{"title":"The WRNS in wartime: the Women’s Royal Naval Service 1917–1945","authors":"Jane Clarke","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2020.1732670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2020.1732670","url":null,"abstract":"This book offers a wide-ranging and detailed analysis of the history of the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) from its foundation in 1917 to the end of the Second World War. Adopting an inter-disc...","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90878499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2019.1705574
David Igler
Did Arcadia actually exist as a place? How do species evolve? Would it be possible to harness and tame a whale for human use? Natural scientists and explorers pondered a range of fascinating – and ...
{"title":"The questions they asked: Joseph Banks and naturalists in the Pacific Ocean","authors":"David Igler","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2019.1705574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2019.1705574","url":null,"abstract":"Did Arcadia actually exist as a place? How do species evolve? Would it be possible to harness and tame a whale for human use? Natural scientists and explorers pondered a range of fascinating – and ...","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89394693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2020.1753400
Stefan Partelow
{"title":"Private oceans: the enclosure and marketisation of the seas","authors":"Stefan Partelow","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2020.1753400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2020.1753400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80091468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2019.1707942
Daniel Clayton
ABSTRACTThe South Pacific was a fulcrum of Joseph Banks's maritime world and global networks. The North Pacific was a distance and intangible fringe. This article is concerned with how Banks should...
{"title":"Placing Joseph Banks in the North Pacific","authors":"Daniel Clayton","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2019.1707942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2019.1707942","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe South Pacific was a fulcrum of Joseph Banks's maritime world and global networks. The North Pacific was a distance and intangible fringe. This article is concerned with how Banks should...","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77460786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2020.1717166
Daniel Simpson
Joseph Banks has been considered an unproblematic agent of imperial science; a figure unique for his ability and willingness to direct British expeditionary exploration and the collection of natura...
{"title":"Ethnographic collecting and the despotism of Joseph Banks","authors":"Daniel Simpson","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2020.1717166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2020.1717166","url":null,"abstract":"Joseph Banks has been considered an unproblematic agent of imperial science; a figure unique for his ability and willingness to direct British expeditionary exploration and the collection of natura...","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85913396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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