Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2021.1898274
H. Ziegler
ABSTRACT This article explores the relationship between the Customs and the Admiralty as agents of anti-smuggling prevention and policing in British coastal waters during the long-eighteenth century. This relationship was, at first glance, embedded in an ostensible rhetoric of co-operation. In reality, however, the various actors operated in stark competition to each other, occasioned by monetary rewards. It is argued here that such competition was seen as beneficial for the coastal duty by central administrators. Competition was the easiest means to keeping transaction costs – in the form of fraud, collusion, and negligence – low. The agenda of central departments was thus ultimately served best by encouraging rivalry over co-operation. This line of inquiry also serves to complicate typically simplistic representations of smuggling which see the efforts of state actors unanimously pitched against the smugglers. Various central institutions followed their own agenda in the anti-smuggling business, and it was the task of the Customs Board to reconcile such agendas into a coherent effort. The present case offers a suitable field to explore this complexity. It also speaks to wider concerns regarding the eighteenth-century state, such as the nature of inter-departmental rivalry and the role of contractual arrangements between private interests and the state.
{"title":"Competition in coastal waters: customs sloops and Admiralty cruisers in eighteenth-century Britain","authors":"H. Ziegler","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2021.1898274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2021.1898274","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the relationship between the Customs and the Admiralty as agents of anti-smuggling prevention and policing in British coastal waters during the long-eighteenth century. This relationship was, at first glance, embedded in an ostensible rhetoric of co-operation. In reality, however, the various actors operated in stark competition to each other, occasioned by monetary rewards. It is argued here that such competition was seen as beneficial for the coastal duty by central administrators. Competition was the easiest means to keeping transaction costs – in the form of fraud, collusion, and negligence – low. The agenda of central departments was thus ultimately served best by encouraging rivalry over co-operation. This line of inquiry also serves to complicate typically simplistic representations of smuggling which see the efforts of state actors unanimously pitched against the smugglers. Various central institutions followed their own agenda in the anti-smuggling business, and it was the task of the Customs Board to reconcile such agendas into a coherent effort. The present case offers a suitable field to explore this complexity. It also speaks to wider concerns regarding the eighteenth-century state, such as the nature of inter-departmental rivalry and the role of contractual arrangements between private interests and the state.","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":"68 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21533369.2021.1898274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72530179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2021.1945893
Ida Christine Jorgensen
ABSTRACT In 1756, two Danish naval officers went into French service. This was a common practice in eighteenth-century Denmark, which aimed to train the officers and to gather intelligence on naval construction as well as navigation, administration, and victualling. Detailed descriptions of French warships can be found in the reports from the two officers, which are kept in the Danish National Archives in Copenhagen. Together with the protocols from the Construction Committee, responsible for shipbuilding, it is evident that aspects of ship designs were transferred from the French to the Danish navy.
{"title":"Danish naval officers in foreign service: knowledge transfer in mid-eighteenth-century Europe","authors":"Ida Christine Jorgensen","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2021.1945893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2021.1945893","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1756, two Danish naval officers went into French service. This was a common practice in eighteenth-century Denmark, which aimed to train the officers and to gather intelligence on naval construction as well as navigation, administration, and victualling. Detailed descriptions of French warships can be found in the reports from the two officers, which are kept in the Danish National Archives in Copenhagen. Together with the protocols from the Construction Committee, responsible for shipbuilding, it is evident that aspects of ship designs were transferred from the French to the Danish navy.","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"77 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88003619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2021.1957389
Boyi Chen
{"title":"Min zai hai zhong [Fujian at sea]","authors":"Boyi Chen","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2021.1957389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2021.1957389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":"87 1","pages":"95 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81810896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2021.1957390
Gijs A. Rommelse
The big pirate Cai Qian’s activities were also based on such a kind of local ecology. The last section maps the scene of how local elites in Fujian played their roles during the transformative periods (from Ming to Qing and during the late Qing) in terms of military leader, religious master, and literati or intellectuals. Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) united the late-Ming maritime powers to resist the Qing and the Dutch; Master Yinyuan crossed the sea to Japan in search of military assistance to the antiQing agenda; Lin Zhen took a journey to the United States for teaching Chinese as well as learning the advanced western knowledge and left a valuable work in the mid-nineteenth century; Xu Jishe collected sources and published the famous Yinghuan zhilüe (A Short Account of the Maritime Circuit) in Fuzhou for ‘opening the eyes to observe the world’ in terms of the ocean. From these solid case studies, Yang moves further to reflect upon how to narrate Chinese maritime history. This also echoes his earlier searching for the ocean and the fate of the Chinese civilisation. Taking Mediterranean civilisations as a measure, some scholars argue that China had a maritime culture, but it was not a maritime civilisation. Leaving alone the dubious debates on culture and civilisation, Yang doubts whether there was only one civilisation in a nation-state (not to mention an empire). Yang points out that in a compound civilised state, a civilisation not dominated by a main discourse or even a ‘historical choice’ still is a civilisation. Furthermore, limiting Chinese maritime culture to a certain region and regarding it as the characteristic of ‘local culture’ is improper (e.g. Fujian is ‘the most typical area of Chinese marine civilisation’). After all, this shallow observation cuts off the connection between the local and thewhole (Haiyangwenming lun yuHaiyang Zhongguo [The discourse ofmaritime civilisation and maritime China]). Due to the characteristic of a collection of papers, one might sometimes feel that the whole book is a little loose. However, on one issue of central importance, the evaluation of maritime China, the author does bring together his insights into both the particular and the general, the historical narrative and the historical discourse.
{"title":"Consuls and captives: Dutch–North African diplomacy in the early modern Mediterranean","authors":"Gijs A. Rommelse","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2021.1957390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2021.1957390","url":null,"abstract":"The big pirate Cai Qian’s activities were also based on such a kind of local ecology. The last section maps the scene of how local elites in Fujian played their roles during the transformative periods (from Ming to Qing and during the late Qing) in terms of military leader, religious master, and literati or intellectuals. Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) united the late-Ming maritime powers to resist the Qing and the Dutch; Master Yinyuan crossed the sea to Japan in search of military assistance to the antiQing agenda; Lin Zhen took a journey to the United States for teaching Chinese as well as learning the advanced western knowledge and left a valuable work in the mid-nineteenth century; Xu Jishe collected sources and published the famous Yinghuan zhilüe (A Short Account of the Maritime Circuit) in Fuzhou for ‘opening the eyes to observe the world’ in terms of the ocean. From these solid case studies, Yang moves further to reflect upon how to narrate Chinese maritime history. This also echoes his earlier searching for the ocean and the fate of the Chinese civilisation. Taking Mediterranean civilisations as a measure, some scholars argue that China had a maritime culture, but it was not a maritime civilisation. Leaving alone the dubious debates on culture and civilisation, Yang doubts whether there was only one civilisation in a nation-state (not to mention an empire). Yang points out that in a compound civilised state, a civilisation not dominated by a main discourse or even a ‘historical choice’ still is a civilisation. Furthermore, limiting Chinese maritime culture to a certain region and regarding it as the characteristic of ‘local culture’ is improper (e.g. Fujian is ‘the most typical area of Chinese marine civilisation’). After all, this shallow observation cuts off the connection between the local and thewhole (Haiyangwenming lun yuHaiyang Zhongguo [The discourse ofmaritime civilisation and maritime China]). Due to the characteristic of a collection of papers, one might sometimes feel that the whole book is a little loose. However, on one issue of central importance, the evaluation of maritime China, the author does bring together his insights into both the particular and the general, the historical narrative and the historical discourse.","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"97 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82239914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2021.1957391
T. Zorlu
adopt contemporary stereotypes regarding the ‘untrustworthy and unpredictable Barbary pirates’. It is, however, the case that the traditional Eurocentric diplomatic historiography against which Heinsen-Roach chooses to tilt has since some years been discredited. In the field of New Diplomatic History, it has long been emphasised that western diplomats, whether ambassadors or consuls, found it necessary to adapt to the conventions of their host states and to be prepared to be flexible with respect to their own diplomatic-cultural frames of reference. This is exemplified by the wellknown need for representatives of the Dutch East India Company to be prepared to perform the ritual obeisance of the kowtow before Chinese and Japanese potentates. A weakness of the book that may be mentioned is the rather narrow focus on its principal subject. Heinsen-Roach is determined to show that, in the second half of the seventeenth century, the States General proved unable, in its role as central lynchpin in the Republic’s political system, to raise sufficient funds to secure the release of the prisoners. This, she notes, ‘reflects the shortcomings of a decentralized state’. However, this is not really tenable if one reflects that, during this period, the States General were taking the lead in the creation of an enormously expanded standing navy of purpose-built warships, one furthermore that was intended as the property of the nation as a whole. This fleet did duty in the defence of the Republic and its maritime economy against the France of Louis XIV and the England of Charles II. It further played a leading role in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. That the raising of funds for the redeeming of the captives was left to the families involved, and to their individual towns and regions, was not so much the result of the powerlessness of a decentralised system, but more a consequence of the scale of other, higher-priority matters demanding the attention of the States General and the provincial states.
接受当代关于“不可信赖和不可预测的巴巴里海盗”的刻板印象。然而，海因森-罗奇所反对的以欧洲为中心的传统外交史学，多年来一直受到质疑。在新外交史领域，长期以来一直强调西方外交官，无论是大使还是领事，都发现有必要适应东道国的惯例，并准备好灵活对待自己的外交文化参考框架。众所周知，荷兰东印度公司(Dutch East India Company)的代表需要在中国和日本的君主面前准备行磕头礼。这本书的一个缺点是对主要主题的关注过于狭隘。海因森-罗奇决心表明，在17世纪下半叶，作为共和国政治体系的中心枢纽，美国总参谋部未能筹集到足够的资金来确保囚犯的释放。她指出，这“反映了一个去中心化国家的缺点”。然而，这是站不住脚的，如果一个人反映，在这一时期，美国将军带头建立了一个庞大的常设海军，专门建造军舰，而且，这是作为整个国家的财产。这支舰队负责保卫共和国及其海上经济，抵御路易十四的法国和查理二世的英国。它还在1688年的光荣革命中发挥了主导作用。为赎回俘虏而筹集资金的工作留给了有关的家庭，以及他们各自所在的城镇和地区，这与其说是一个分散的制度无能为力的结果，倒不如说是其他更重要的事情需要联邦和各省政府注意的结果。
{"title":"Islamic seapower during the age of fighting sail","authors":"T. Zorlu","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2021.1957391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2021.1957391","url":null,"abstract":"adopt contemporary stereotypes regarding the ‘untrustworthy and unpredictable Barbary pirates’. It is, however, the case that the traditional Eurocentric diplomatic historiography against which Heinsen-Roach chooses to tilt has since some years been discredited. In the field of New Diplomatic History, it has long been emphasised that western diplomats, whether ambassadors or consuls, found it necessary to adapt to the conventions of their host states and to be prepared to be flexible with respect to their own diplomatic-cultural frames of reference. This is exemplified by the wellknown need for representatives of the Dutch East India Company to be prepared to perform the ritual obeisance of the kowtow before Chinese and Japanese potentates. A weakness of the book that may be mentioned is the rather narrow focus on its principal subject. Heinsen-Roach is determined to show that, in the second half of the seventeenth century, the States General proved unable, in its role as central lynchpin in the Republic’s political system, to raise sufficient funds to secure the release of the prisoners. This, she notes, ‘reflects the shortcomings of a decentralized state’. However, this is not really tenable if one reflects that, during this period, the States General were taking the lead in the creation of an enormously expanded standing navy of purpose-built warships, one furthermore that was intended as the property of the nation as a whole. This fleet did duty in the defence of the Republic and its maritime economy against the France of Louis XIV and the England of Charles II. It further played a leading role in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. That the raising of funds for the redeeming of the captives was left to the families involved, and to their individual towns and regions, was not so much the result of the powerlessness of a decentralised system, but more a consequence of the scale of other, higher-priority matters demanding the attention of the States General and the provincial states.","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"99 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87705690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2021.1944004
Richard Dunn
Ottoman age of exploration (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010); Palmira Brummett, Ottoman seapower and Levantine diplomacy in the age of discovery (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1999); Andrew C. Hess, The forgotten frontier: a history of the sixteenthcentury Ibero-African frontier (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010); and also Elisavet Zachariadou, ed., The Kapudan Pasha, his office and his domain: halcyon days in Crete IV (Rethymnon, Greece: University of Crete Press, 2002).
{"title":"The history of Celestial Navigation: Rise of the Royal Observatory and Nautical Almanacs","authors":"Richard Dunn","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2021.1944004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2021.1944004","url":null,"abstract":"Ottoman age of exploration (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010); Palmira Brummett, Ottoman seapower and Levantine diplomacy in the age of discovery (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1999); Andrew C. Hess, The forgotten frontier: a history of the sixteenthcentury Ibero-African frontier (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010); and also Elisavet Zachariadou, ed., The Kapudan Pasha, his office and his domain: halcyon days in Crete IV (Rethymnon, Greece: University of Crete Press, 2002).","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"102 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74982279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2020.1822433
Benjamin W. D. Redding
{"title":"Ideologies of western naval power, c. 1500–1815","authors":"Benjamin W. D. Redding","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2020.1822433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2020.1822433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"216 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79921951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2020.1822432
Eavan O’Dochartaigh
{"title":"The news at the ends of the Earth: the print culture of polar exploration","authors":"Eavan O’Dochartaigh","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2020.1822432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2020.1822432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":"87 9 1","pages":"212 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87697430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/21533369.2020.1822431
Huei-ying Kuo
{"title":"Singapore, Chinese migration and the making of the British Empire, 1819–67","authors":"Huei-ying Kuo","doi":"10.1080/21533369.2020.1822431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2020.1822431","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38023,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Maritime Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"218 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80454876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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