Plant Gene最新文献_第2页

Molecular adaptation analysis of Hemerocallis fulva roots to seawater-logging stress in a simulated natural environment 模拟自然环境下黄萱草根系对海水胁迫的分子适应分析

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2026.100569

Shijie Zhang, Zhiguo Zhang, Qiaoping Qin

Climate change heightens the risk of seawater submergence in coastal areas. Hemerocallis fulva L., known as daylily, is an important horticultural and medicinal plant with a high abiotic stress tolerance capacity and potential for coastal stabilization. However, the molecular regulatory responses of daylily to seawater submergence are still largely unexplored. In this study, daylily cultivar ‘Autumn Red’ plants were subjected to seawater logging stress (SLS), and time-series root transcriptional changes were explored using PacBio Iso-seq techniques. Compared with the control (0 h), we detected 3168, 4924, and 5525 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in daylily roots at 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h post-SLS, respectively. Oxidation−reduction process, Glutathione hydrolase activity, Glutathione catabolic process, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and Arachidonic acid metabolism were the main induced metabolic processes in daylily following SLS. Some key continuously up-regulated genes related to antioxidant system, ion regulation, hormone transduction, photosynthesis, and secondary metabolite synthesis that may play important roles in daylily tolerance to SLS were identified. In addition, 119 transcription factor family genes, including AP2/ERF, bHLH, C2H2, AUX/IAA, bZIP, and MYB, which may regulate SLS-responsive mechanisms in daylily, were screened. An in-depth study on the dynamic changes of bZIPs under seawater treatment revealed that conserved structural features alongside species-specific and functional divergence in salt stress responses. Class III bZIPs demonstrated sustained upregulation for salt tolerance, while others exhibited variable expression despite having similar structures. These findings enhance our understanding of daylily's tolerance to SLS and could facilitate its cultivation in coastal and saline regions.

气候变化增加了沿海地区海水淹没的风险。黄花菜（萱草）是一种重要的园艺和药用植物，具有较高的抗非生物胁迫能力和海岸稳定潜力。然而，黄花菜对海水浸泡的分子调控反应在很大程度上仍未被探索。以黄花菜品种“秋红”（Autumn Red）为研究对象，利用PacBio Iso-seq技术，研究了海水测井胁迫下黄花菜根系转录的时间序列变化。与对照（0 h）相比，我们在sls后6 h、24 h和72 h分别检测到3168、4924和5525个差异表达基因（deg）。氧化还原过程、谷胱甘肽水解酶活性、谷胱甘肽分解代谢过程、牛磺酸和次牛磺酸代谢过程、苯丙素生物合成过程和花生四烯酸代谢过程是SLS诱导黄花菜的主要代谢过程。发现了与抗氧化系统、离子调节、激素转导、光合作用和次生代谢物合成相关的持续上调的关键基因，这些基因可能在黄花菜耐SLS中起重要作用。此外，还筛选出了119个可能调控黄花菜sls应答机制的转录因子家族基因，包括AP2/ERF、bHLH、C2H2、AUX/IAA、bZIP和MYB。通过对bZIPs在海水胁迫下动态变化的深入研究，揭示了bZIPs在盐胁迫响应中具有保守的结构特征以及物种特异性和功能分化。III类bzip表现出持续的耐盐上调，而其他bzip尽管具有相似的结构，但表现出可变的表达。这些发现有助于加深对黄花菜对SLS的耐受性的认识，并有助于黄花菜在沿海和盐碱地的种植。

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引用次数: 0

Excavating superior grain quality with aroma in doubled haploids derived from hybrid rice 杂交水稻双单倍体籽粒品质与香气优势的挖掘

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2026.100568

Sudhansu Sekhar Bhuyan , Nupur Naik , Byomkesh Dash , Sandeep Kumar Singh , Prachitara Rout , Ramlakhan Verma , Jawahar Lal Katara , Chidambaranathan Parameswaran , Basavantraya Navadagi Devanna , Awadhesh Kumar , Sanghamitra Samantaray

Two hundred doubled haploid (DH) lines from the elite indica rice hybrid BS6444G, developed through anther culture, were evaluated for various physio-chemical traits with a special focus on grain quality and aroma. Significant diversity was observed across traits such as hulling and milling percentage, Head Rice Recovery (HRR) percentage, kernel length, kernel breadth, length-to-breadth ratio, water uptake, volume expansion ratio (VER), gel consistency (GC), alkali spreading value (ASV), amylose content (AC), and moisture content. The superior performance of some DH lines suggests potential for obtaining transgressive segregation in doubled haploid populations, likely due to additive effects of favorable genes from the parent. Notably, two out of the 200 DH lines exhibited aroma, a surprising find since BS6444G is not aromatic. The quantification of 2-AP, a key compound responsible for the characteristic fragrance in aromatic rice, was validated through molecular characterization and measured using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GCMS/MS). The 2-AP (2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline) content in these aromatic DH lines was measured at 148.45 ng/g and 170.32 ng/g, respectively. This is a significant research target for plant biotechnologists, as the aromatic DH lines derived from a non-aromatic hybrid present a unique case for study.

利用花药培养选育的200个双单倍体（DH）籼稻杂交种BS6444G，以籽粒品质和香气为重点，对其各项理化性状进行了评价。籽粒剥壳率、抽穗率、籽粒长、籽粒宽、长宽比、吸水率、体积膨胀率、凝胶浓度、碱扩散值、直链淀粉含量、水分含量等性状存在显著差异。一些DH系的优异表现表明，可能由于亲本有利基因的加性效应，在双单倍体群体中获得了越界分离。值得注意的是，200个DH系中有两个表现出芳香，这是一个令人惊讶的发现，因为BS6444G没有芳香。采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术（HS-SPME-GCMS/MS）对2-AP进行了定量分析，证实了2-AP是香米中产生特有香味的关键化合物。2-AP（2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉）含量分别为148.45 ng/g和170.32 ng/g。这对植物生物技术学家来说是一个重要的研究目标，因为从非芳香杂交中衍生的芳香DH系提供了一个独特的研究案例。

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引用次数: 0

DNA methylation analysis of Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) under nickel stress reveals a highly targeted epigenetic response 镍胁迫下杰克松（Pinus banksiana） DNA甲基化分析揭示了一种高度靶向的表观遗传反应

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100567

Alistar Moy, Kabwe Nkongolo

Plants use DNA methylation to quickly adjust gene activity in response to environmental stressors helping them adapt and survive. Conifers have large genomes and unique metal responses, making conifer DNA methylation research highly compelling. This study evaluated how excess nickel exposure affects methylation patterns and identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in Pinus banksiana. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) was used to assess global methylation changes in nickel-treated seedlings. Nickel sulfate minimally affected overall global methylation; however, it induced significant levels of methylation within specific, localized regions of the genome. The increase in global CG methylation was largely due to hypermethylated DMRs that had methylation levels exceeding 80 %. The observed global hypermethylation was localized predominantly to constitutively hypermethylated regions. A total of 1173 DMRs were found to be hypermethylated, while 239 were hypomethylated. Notably, 97 % of these DMRs were intergenic and displayed high levels of CG methylation, leading to the suggestion that they may be located within transposable elements (TEs). All gene-annotated Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) spanned two distinct areas of the gene body, potentially suggesting a strong bias toward gene upregulation. DMR-covered genes, associated with stress mitigation, encode proteins including DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and UDP-glycosyltransferase. Methylation analyses reveal epigenetic changes that can help discover how P. banksiana resist nickel and adapt long-term to contamination. For this study, RRBS was a suitable compromise because it allowed for precise analysis of specific, relevant regions.

植物利用DNA甲基化来快速调整基因活性，以应对环境压力，帮助它们适应和生存。针叶树具有较大的基因组和独特的金属反应，使得针叶树DNA甲基化研究非常有吸引力。本研究评估了过量镍暴露如何影响banksiana的甲基化模式，并确定了差异甲基化区域（DMRs）。减少亚硫酸氢盐序列（RRBS）用于评估镍处理幼苗的整体甲基化变化。硫酸镍对整体甲基化影响最小；然而，它在基因组的特定局部区域内诱导了显著水平的甲基化。全球CG甲基化的增加主要是由于甲基化水平超过80%的超甲基化DMRs。观察到的全局高甲基化主要定位于组成型高甲基化区域。共有1173个DMRs被发现是高甲基化的，而239个是低甲基化的。值得注意的是，97%的DMRs是基因间的，显示出高水平的CG甲基化，这表明它们可能位于转座元件（te）中。所有基因注释的差异甲基化区域（DMRs）跨越基因体的两个不同区域，潜在地表明强烈倾向于基因上调。dmr覆盖的基因与应激缓解相关，编码的蛋白质包括DEAD-box atp依赖的RNA解旋酶、钙/钙调素依赖的蛋白激酶和udp -糖基转移酶。甲基化分析揭示了表观遗传变化，可以帮助发现银行假单胞菌如何抵抗镍和长期适应污染。对于这项研究，RRBS是一个合适的折衷方案，因为它允许对特定的相关区域进行精确分析。

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引用次数: 0

Morphological characteristics, molecular identification, and phylogenetic analysis of the four Leonurus species used for the treatment of gynecological diseases 四种治疗妇科疾病的益母草的形态特征、分子鉴定及系统发育分析

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100566

Qing Du , Ziyi Rong , Yanjuan Guan , Chang Zhang , Liqiang Wang , Xiangyang Zhou , Chuanbei Jiang , Haidong Gao , Bin Wang , Haimei Chen , Chang Liu

To compare the distinction and evolutionary relationship of the four studied Leonurus species in the Lamiaceae family, we identified them from physical characteristics, compared their intrinsic sequences, and phylogenetic relationships through the chloroplast genomes and Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) in the nuclear genomes. Among them, the chloroplast genome of L. pseudomacranthus was newly sequenced and analyzed. The results revealed that they are standard circular structure with the four regions and the total length ranged from 151,236 bp to 151,689 bp, including the identical number of 37 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs. The unique trans-spliced rps12 genes can be caught sight of L. sibiricus and L. pseudomacranthus. The isoleucine (AUU) and cysteine (UGC) were the most and least abundant amino acid with the codons ending with the most bases of A/U. Among the ycf1, ycf2, and matK genes, there are significantly more editing sites. The nine hotspot divergent regions and five specific Coding sequence (CDS) genes were systematically counted with the highest nucleotide diversity. The two chosen IGS regions (M1: rps15-ycf1 and M2: atpH-atpI) were cloned, thus finding that twenty-two specific variable SNP sites and three variable Indel sites for distinguishing between the four species. In the aftermath of evolutional analysis together with the nine characters, the four Leonurus species were significantly clustered into one significant clade. In contrast, they were located at different sub-branchs and differentiated, especially the species of L. cardiaca gathered separately into one group due to the specific morphology based on the sequences of 75 shared nucleotide and 19 ITS2 DNA. Thus above results can directly offer the phenotypic feature, molecular polymorphism of nucleotide, and evolutionary development to distinguish the four Leonurus species.

为了比较所研究的四种益母草（Leonurus）在Lamiaceae科的区别和进化关系，我们从生理特征上对它们进行了鉴定，比较了它们的内在序列，并通过叶绿体基因组和核基因组中的内部转录间隔器2 （Internal转录间隔器2，ITS2）进行了系统发育关系的比较。其中，对假巨果L. pseudomacranthus叶绿体基因组进行了新测序和分析。结果表明，它们是具有4个区域的标准圆形结构，总长度在151236 ~ 151689 bp之间，包含相同数量的37个trna和8个rnas。特异的反式剪接的rps12基因在西伯利亚乳杆菌和假大孔乳杆菌中都能被发现。异亮氨酸（AUU）和半胱氨酸（UGC）是氨基酸丰度最高和最少的氨基酸，密码子以A/U的碱基最多结尾。在ycf1、ycf2和matK基因中，编辑位点明显较多。系统统计了9个热点分化区和5个特异编码序列（CDS）基因，核苷酸多样性最高。对选择的两个IGS区域（M1: rps15-ycf1和M2: atpH-atpI）进行克隆，发现22个特异性可变SNP位点和3个可变Indel位点，用于区分4个物种。在对这9个性状进行进化分析后，4种益母草明显聚集在一个重要的分支中。相反，它们位于不同的亚分支并分化，特别是L. cardiaca由于75个共享核苷酸和19个ITS2 DNA序列的特定形态而单独聚集在一起。因此，上述结果可以直接提供表型特征、核苷酸分子多态性和进化发展特征来区分四种益母草。

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引用次数: 0

Natural variation in the plasticity of flowering time across Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides characterized by different vernalization requirements 不同春化条件下大白菜开花时间可塑性的自然变异

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100565

Qingxiang Han , Pengbo Hao , Tomomi Wakabayashi , Shota Sakaguchi , Hiroaki Setoguchi

Flowering represents the phenological response of plants to environmental cues, serving as a critical developmental phase that dictates the reproductive success of plants. Numerous over-wintering plants require vernalization to induce flowering, yet the shifting climate patterns in recent years have disrupted their flowering phenology. Different vernalization requirements in wild radish make them ideal for exploring the adaptations of vernalization-responsive plants to warmer winter. Transcriptomic analysis was conducted to investigate the flowering regulation pathways and molecular mechanism in wild radish with different vernalization requirements. A total of 2369 genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across various time points. Vernalization upregulated floral activators VIN3 and AGL19 while downregulating repressors such as WRKY34/MSP3 and MAF5/AGL68, leading to suppression of FLC. Notably, even without cold exposure, facultative lineages exhibited elevated VIN3 and AGL19 and reduced repressors (FRI, MAF5/AGL68, FES1). Enrichment analysis highlighted photosynthesis-related pathways. Obligate vernalization types flower through the vernalization pathway, whereas facultative ones utilize photoperiod, gibberellin, and temperature pathways under non-vernalizing conditions. These findings improve understanding of floral adaptation to warming winters and offer insights for crop resilience and production under global climate change.

开花代表了植物对环境因素的物候反应，是决定植物繁殖成功与否的关键发育阶段。许多越冬植物需要春化来诱导开花，然而近年来气候模式的变化破坏了它们的开花物候。野生萝卜不同的春化需求使其成为探索春化响应植物对暖冬适应的理想选择。通过转录组学分析，探讨了不同春化要求的野生萝卜开花调控途径和分子机制。在不同的时间点，共有2369个基因被鉴定为显著差异表达基因（DEGs）。春化上调花激活因子VIN3和AGL19，下调WRKY34/MSP3和MAF5/AGL68等抑制因子，导致FLC的抑制。值得注意的是，即使没有低温暴露，兼性谱系也表现出VIN3和AGL19升高，抑制因子（FRI, MAF5/AGL68, FES1）降低。富集分析强调了光合作用相关的途径。专性春化类型通过春化途径开花，而兼性春化类型在非春化条件下利用光周期、赤霉素和温度途径。这些发现提高了对植物对暖冬适应的认识，并为全球气候变化下作物的适应力和生产提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic and phenotypic diversity in cannabis genotypes: insights from seed dimensions, mineral profiles, and Short Tandem Repeats (STR) markers 大麻基因型的遗传和表型多样性：从种子尺寸，矿物剖面和短串联重复序列（STR）标记的见解

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100564

Sabeliwe Langa , Lembe Samukelo Magwaza , Asanda Mditshwa , Samson Zeray Tesfay

This study characterized cannabis varieties based on seed physical properties, mineral composition, and Short Tandem Repeats (STR) markers. Eleven cannabis varieties were analyzed, including landraces Ladysmith Ugwayi wesiZulu (‘L1’) and Iswazi (‘L2’), Durban Poison (‘H1’), Bergville Ugwayi wesiZulu (‘B1’), Natal (‘B2’) and Iswazi (‘B3’), and Msinga Ugwayi wesiZulu (‘M1’) and Iswazi (‘M2’), and the commercially available ‘Hemp’, ‘Cherry bubble gum’ (‘High-CBD’) and ‘White Rhino’ (‘High-THC’) varieties. Physical traits measured included seed length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, and sphericity. Genetic analysis was conducted using sixty-eight STR markers, while mineral composition was assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found in seed dimensions and surface area, while aspect ratio and sphericity showed no significant variation (p > 0.05). Elemental composition varied significantly (p < 0.05), particularly for carbon, oxygen, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and silicon. Carbon was highest in ‘High-THC’ (75.10 %) and lowest in ‘H1’ (55.58 %), whereas oxygen showed an inverse trend. Variations in seed dimensions and mineral profiles highlight the diverse genetic and phenotypic landscape of the samples. Positive correlations (p < 0.001) among varieties suggested similarities in physical traits, mineral composition, and STR markers. However, hierarchical clustering revealed distinct groupings, indicating complex diversity. Landraces could not be reliably classified as ‘High-CBD’, ‘High-THC’, or ‘Hemp’, reflecting STR marker neutrality. Integrating STRs with functional gene markers or metabolic profiling may improve chemotype discrimination and support development of cannabis-specific identification tools. These findings provide insights for breeding programs and optimization of desirable traits.

本研究基于种子物理特性、矿物成分和短串联重复序列（STR）标记对大麻品种进行了鉴定。分析了11种大麻品种，包括地方品种Ladysmith Ugwayi wesiZulu （‘ L1 ‘）和Iswazi （’ L2 ’），德班毒药（‘ H1 ‘）， Bergville Ugwayi wesiZulu （’ B1 ’）， Natal （‘ B2 ‘）和Iswazi （’ B3 ’）， Msinga Ugwayi wesiZulu （‘ M1 ‘）和Iswazi （’ M2 ’），以及市售的‘ Hemp ’， ‘ Cherry泡泡糖’（‘高cbd ’）和‘白犀牛’（‘高thc ’）品种。测量的物理性状包括种子的长度、宽度、厚度、几何平均直径、表面积、纵横比和球形度。使用68个STR标记进行遗传分析，同时使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散x射线（EDX）探测器评估矿物成分。种子尺寸和表面积差异有统计学意义（p < 0.001），长宽比和球度差异无统计学意义（p < 0.05）。元素组成变化显著（p < 0.05），尤其是碳、氧、钾、磷、硫、铁和硅。碳在“High-THC”中最高（75.10%），在“H1”中最低（55.58%），而氧呈相反趋势。种子尺寸和矿物剖面的变化突出了样品的遗传和表型景观的多样性。品种间正相关（p < 0.001）表明其物理性状、矿物组成和STR标记相似。然而，层次聚类显示出不同的类群，表明复杂的多样性。地方品种不能可靠地归类为“高cbd”、“高thc”或“大麻”，这反映了STR标记的中立性。将STRs与功能基因标记或代谢谱相结合可以改善化学型区分，并支持大麻特异性鉴定工具的开发。这些发现为育种计划和理想性状的优化提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Heterologous expression of fatty acid elongase1 homeoalleles of Brassica juncea reveals robust erucic acid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces and highlights metabolic constraints in Chlamydomonas 芥菜脂肪酸长酶1等位基因的异源表达揭示了酵母菌中芥酸的强劲生物合成，并强调了衣单胞菌的代谢限制

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100563

Neelesh Patra , Susamoy Sarkar , Mrinal K. Maiti

The fatty acid elongase1 (FAE1) genes of allotetraploid Brassica juncea are the key determinants of high erucic acid (EA, C22:1) accumulation in its seed oil. Although our previous work demonstrated near-zero EA content in Indian mustard oil through CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the two homeoalleles, BjFAE1.1 and BjFAE1.2; the specific contribution of each isozyme towards EA biosynthesis remains elusive. This study investigates the heterologous expression of BjFAE1.1 and BjFAE1.2 from high-EA B. juncea cultivar JD6 in two metabolically distinct eukaryotic microbial hosts: the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite confirmed mRNA/protein expression, neither BjFAE1 isozyme produced detectable C20:1 or C22:1 very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in transgenic lines of C. reinhardtii. In contrast, expression in S. cerevisiae resulted in significant de novo biosynthesis of VLCFAs, C20:1 (∼9–11 %) and C22:1 (∼17–19 %), confirming their enzymatic activity as functional β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase. Furthermore, substrate feeding experiments in yeast further validated their capability to elongate oleoyl-CoA (C18:1-CoA) to erucoyl-CoA (C22:1-CoA) via eicosenoyl-CoA (C20:1-CoA) intermediate, with BjFAE1.1 showing slightly higher activity, as indicated by the enhanced VLCFA accumulation. These findings substantiate the critical influence of the heterologous host's cellular environment on the functionality of plant lipid metabolism enzymes and underscore the challenges for VLCFA production in microalgal platform.

异体四倍体芥菜籽油中高芥酸（EA, C22:1）积累的关键决定因素是脂肪酸长链酶1 （FAE1）基因。虽然我们之前的工作通过CRISPR/Cas9敲除两个同源等位基因BjFAE1.1和BjFAE1.2证明印度芥菜油中的EA含量接近于零；每种同工酶对EA生物合成的具体贡献仍然难以捉摸。本研究研究了高ea芥菜品种JD6 BjFAE1.1和BjFAE1.2在两种代谢差异的真核微生物宿主——绿微藻莱茵衣藻和出芽酵母酿酒酵母中的异源表达。尽管BjFAE1同工酶的mRNA/蛋白表达得到了证实，但在莱茵哈蒂弓形虫转基因系中，BjFAE1同工酶均未产生可检测到的C20:1或C22:1超长链脂肪酸（VLCFAs）。相反，在酿酒酵母中的表达导致VLCFAs， C20:1（~ 9 - 11%）和C22:1（~ 17 - 19%）的显著新生生物合成，证实了它们作为功能性β-酮酰基辅酶a合成酶的酶活性。此外，酵母的底物饲养实验进一步验证了它们通过二十烯醇基辅酶a （C20:1-CoA）中间体将油酰辅酶a （C18:1-CoA）延长为油酰辅酶a （C22:1-CoA）的能力，其中BjFAE1.1的活性略高，这表明VLCFA积累增强。这些发现证实了异源寄主细胞环境对植物脂质代谢酶功能的重要影响，并强调了微藻平台生产VLCFA的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Functional analysis of tobacco NtabSPL6–4 in fungal pathogen resistance 烟草NtabSPL6-4在真菌病原菌抗性中的功能分析

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100562

Xiao-Fang Hou , Di Sang , Wen-Qian Song , Yu-Fan Chen , Shu-Fan Liu , Min Huang , Hao Cheng , Xuan Huang , Zi-Qin Xu

Plants defend against multiple pathogens by activating different signaling pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antagonistic responses, where enhanced resistance to one pathogen is often accompanied by increased susceptibility to another, remain poorly understood. This study explores the functional role of the NtabSPL6–4 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, with a focus on its involvement in regulating plant growth, development, and immune responses. The results show that the NtabSPL6–4 protein is mainly localized in the nucleus. Compared with the wild-type plants, NtabSPL6–4-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited delayed flowering, increased leaf number, and larger leaf area. Transcriptome analysis under Botrytis cinerea infection showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways. Functional experiments revealed that NtabSPL6–4 enhances plant sensitivity to Pseudomonas syringae by down-regulating the expression of PR1 and PR5, while activating JA pathway-related genes to increase resistance to fungal pathogens. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays further demonstrated that NtabSPL6–4 binds to the promoter region of ACX1, regulating JA levels. This modulation reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide, limits cell damage, and decreases the severity of leaf lesions, thereby contributing to enhanced resistance against fungal infection. These results suggest that NtabSPL6–4 has a dual regulatory role in plant immunity, enhancing resistance to fungal pathogens while increasing susceptibility to bacterial pathogens.

植物通过激活不同的信号通路来抵御多种病原体。然而，拮抗反应的分子机制，即对一种病原体的抗性增强往往伴随着对另一种病原体的易感性增加，仍然知之甚少。本研究探讨了NtabSPL6-4基因在拟南芥中的功能作用，重点关注其在调节植物生长、发育和免疫应答中的作用。结果表明，NtabSPL6-4蛋白主要定位于细胞核。与野生型相比，过表达ntabspl6 - 4的拟南芥植株开花时间延迟，叶数增加，叶面积增大。在灰葡萄孢感染下的转录组分析显示，差异表达基因主要富集在茉莉酸（JA）和水杨酸（SA）信号通路上。功能实验表明，NtabSPL6-4通过下调PR1和PR5的表达，增强植物对丁香假单胞菌的敏感性，同时激活JA通路相关基因，增强植物对真菌病原菌的抗性。染色质免疫沉淀（ChIP）实验进一步表明，NtabSPL6-4结合ACX1的启动子区域，调节JA水平。这种调节减少了活性氧（ROS）和过氧化氢的积累，限制了细胞损伤，降低了叶片损伤的严重程度，从而有助于增强对真菌感染的抵抗力。这些结果表明，NtabSPL6-4在植物免疫中具有双重调节作用，增强对真菌病原体的抗性，同时增加对细菌病原体的敏感性。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of ParALMT genes and their relationship with organic acid accumulation in apricot fruit 杏果实中palmt基因的鉴定及其与有机酸积累的关系

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100561

Chenjuan Jing , Duan Wang , Zhikun Liu , Xuefeng Chen , Yang Zhang , Xiaohong Wu

High levels of organic acids in apricot fruit affect the flavor quality and market scale. Aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) are key proteins regulating organic acid accumulation in fruits, but their structure and functions in apricot remain understudied. Here, we identified 11 orthologous genes of the ALMT family in the genome of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), designated ParALMT1–11. These genes were classified into subfamilies I-V and unevenly distributed across linkage groups LG1/2/6/7/8. Each ParALMT protein contained 5–7 transmembrane domains. Some genes showed tissue-specific expression in apricot roots, stems, leaves, and seeds. The expression dynamics of ParALMT10 and ParALMT11 in apricot fruit were closely associated with organic acid metabolism. ParALMT10 may be a key gene regulating the accumulation of organic acids, particularly malic acid in apricot fruit. This study paves the way for elucidating the metabolic mechanisms of organic acids and improving fruit quality in apricot.

杏果实中有机酸含量过高，影响杏的风味品质和市场规模。铝活化苹果酸转运蛋白（ALMTs）是调节果实有机酸积累的关键蛋白，但其在杏中的结构和功能尚不清楚。本研究在杏（Prunus armeniaca L.）基因组中鉴定了11个ALMT家族的同源基因，命名为parmt1 - 11。这些基因被划分为I-V亚家族，在LG1/2/6/7/8连锁群中分布不均匀。每个parmt蛋白含有5-7个跨膜结构域。部分基因在杏的根、茎、叶和种子中有组织特异性表达。杏果实中palmt10和palmt11的表达动态与有机酸代谢密切相关。palmt10可能是调控杏果实中有机酸尤其是苹果酸积累的关键基因。本研究为阐明有机酸代谢机制和改善杏果实品质奠定了基础。

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Cloning and expression analyses of the twin LOV protein (LLP) gene under varying light, water-deficit and humidity conditions in the small-fruited tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) 小果番茄（Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformme）双LOV蛋白（LLP）基因的克隆及不同光照、缺水和湿度条件下的表达分析

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100560

Ophilia Ibapalei Lyngdoh Mawphlang , M. Bharatheeswaran , Lingaraj Sahoo , Highland Kayang , Eros Kharshiing

The PAS/LOV Protein 1, commonly referred to as PLP1 (also known as LOV/LOV Protein or LLP) is recognized as a novel blue-light photoreceptor in plants, and its homologs have been identified in various species. Nevertheless, the functional role of LLP in plant biology is still unclear. In this report, we have cloned a homolog of LLP from the small-fruited tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) and analysed its expression levels under different light, water-deficit and humidity conditions. Determination of relative expression by RT-qPCR show high-intensity blue-light is most effective in inducing LLP expression in the young seedlings as well as in leaves of older plants, indicating that its expression is governed by both light intensity and spectral composition. LLP expression is also enhanced under drought-like conditions but not under conditions of high humidity. This report will further aid our understanding of LLP expression in responses to light and water-deficit conditions in tomato.

PAS/LOV蛋白1，通常称为PLP1（也称为LOV/LOV蛋白或LLP）是公认的植物中一种新型蓝光光感受器，其同源物已在多种植物中被鉴定。然而，LLP在植物生物学中的功能作用尚不清楚。在这篇报道中，我们从小果番茄（Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformme）中克隆了一个LLP同源物，并分析了其在不同光照、水分亏缺和湿度条件下的表达水平。RT-qPCR相对表达量测定结果显示，高强度蓝光诱导LLP在幼苗和老植株叶片中表达最有效，表明其表达受光强和光谱组成共同控制。LLP的表达在干旱条件下也有增强，而在高湿条件下则没有。该报告将进一步帮助我们了解番茄在光照和缺水条件下LLP的表达。

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