Plant Gene最新文献_第7页

Regulation of sodium-inducible genes and efficient use of sodium ions determine the tolerance strategies of Cakile maritima and Brassica tournefortii in natural habitats 钠诱导基因的调控和钠离子的有效利用决定了天然生境中海洋毛蚶（cile martima）和热带芸苔（Brassica tournefortii）的耐盐策略

IF 2.2 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100512

Abdel Hamid A. Khedr , Mamdouh S. Serag , Haneen A. Abdulsamad , Reham M. Nada

One of the potential routes for improving the stress tolerance of crops is discovering the tolerance mechanisms of halophytes. Cakile maritima and Brassica tournefortii were collected from four sites with different salinity levels. Two populations for each species were collected from each site. The populations of C. maritima had different phenotypic traits, especially at high salinity levels. Meanwhile, the populations of B. tournefortii had approximately similar phenotypic traits at all sites. The present study aimed to compare the tolerance strategies used by C. maritima and B. tournefortii by examining the responses of different populations of each species to high salinity levels in their natural habitats. The evolutionary relationship among the populations of each species was recorded. Growth performance, pigment concentration, Rubisco protein content, ion concentration and regulation of salt-inducible genes were evaluated. At high salinity levels, the biomass of most C. maritima populations increased, but the reverse was true for B. tournefortii populations. The acclimation of B. tournefortii to salt stress depends on Na⁺ extrusion mechanisms. Meanwhile, C. maritima acclimated by a regulated and controlled ion uptake, regulated salt-inducible genes and efficient use of Na⁺ in osmotic adjustment. Hierarchical analysis revealed that the expression pattern of Na⁺-inducible genes was not only species-dependent but also organ-dependent. The expression pattern did not correspond to the profiles of promoter regulatory motifs of the examined genes. The study concluded that the tolerance mechanisms are not static among halophytes, but they are dependent on the species and even on the population of a species.

提高作物抗逆性的潜在途径之一是发现盐生植物的抗逆机制。从盐度不同的四个地点收集了 Cakile maritima 和 Brassica tournefortii。每个地点采集了两个种群。C. maritima 的种群具有不同的表型特征，尤其是在高盐度水平下。与此同时，B. tournefortii 种群在所有地点的表型特征大致相似。本研究旨在通过研究 C. maritima 和 B. tournefortii 的不同种群在其自然栖息地对高盐度的反应，比较它们所采用的耐盐策略。记录了每个物种种群之间的进化关系。评估了生长性能、色素浓度、Rubisco 蛋白含量、离子浓度和盐诱导基因的调控。在高盐度条件下，大多数 C. maritima 种群的生物量增加，但 B. tournefortii 种群的生物量则相反。B. tournefortii对盐胁迫的适应取决于Na+挤出机制。与此同时，C. maritima 通过调节和控制离子吸收、调节盐诱导基因以及在渗透调节中有效利用 Na+ 来适应盐胁迫。层次分析表明，Na+诱导基因的表达模式不仅与物种有关，而且与器官有关。这种表达模式与所研究基因的启动子调控基团的轮廓并不一致。研究得出的结论是，卤叶植物的耐受机制并非一成不变，而是取决于物种，甚至取决于物种的种群。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide identification of HD-Zip transcription factor family in Artemisia argyi and functional analysis of AaHDZ64 in trichome development 艾蒿HD-Zip转录因子家族的全基因组鉴定及AaHDZ64在毛状体发育中的功能分析

IF 2.2 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100529

Zhanhu Cui , Chunyan Miao , Heyang Shang , Qian Zhao , Shujiao Li , Zhongyi Zhang , Yuqing Wang , Xianzhang Huang

The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) family of transcription factor is a unique and vital gene family in plants, involved in various processes including organ development, stress responses, and regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This study aimed to investigate the role of HD-Zip family transcription factors in the development of Artemisia argyi trichomes. By utilizing the whole genome data of A. argyi, we identified 69 AaHDZ transcription factors and systematically characterized their structural and physicochemical properties. The predicted amino acid sequence lengths range from 188 to 854 residues, with relative molecular masses of 22.2–94.6 kDa, theoretical isoelectric points of 4.65–9.31, and lipid solubility indices of 52.08–89.14. All of these proteins were hydrophilic. The results of subcellular localization predictions indicated that most AaHDZ proteins are localized in the nucleus, while a few are located in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts. Based on the classification of the HD-Zip family in Arabidopsis thaliana, the 69 AaHDZ proteins were divided into four subfamilies, with similar gene structures observed within each subfamily. Heterologous overexpression of AaHDZ64 gene significantly increased trichome density in A. thaliana. The results confirmed that AaHDZ64 is a positive regulatory factor for the growth and development of trichomes. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying trichome development in A. argyi leaves and offers insights for the precision breeding of A. argyi.

同源域-亮氨酸拉链（HD-Zip）转录因子家族是植物中一个独特而重要的基因家族，参与了器官发育、逆境反应和次生代谢产物生物合成的调控等多种过程。本研究旨在探讨HD-Zip家族转录因子在艾叶毛状体发育中的作用。利用艾叶的全基因组数据，鉴定出69个AaHDZ转录因子，并对其结构和理化性质进行了系统表征。预测氨基酸序列长度为188 ~ 854个残基，相对分子质量为22.2 ~ 94.6 kDa，理论等电点为4.65 ~ 9.31，脂溶性指数为52.08 ~ 89.14。所有这些蛋白质都是亲水的。亚细胞定位预测结果表明，大多数AaHDZ蛋白定位于细胞核，少数位于细胞质和叶绿体中。根据拟南芥HD-Zip家族的分类，将69个AaHDZ蛋白划分为4个亚家族，每个亚家族中都有相似的基因结构。AaHDZ64基因的异源过表达显著增加了拟蓝藻的毛密度。结果证实，AaHDZ64是毛状体生长发育的正向调控因子。本研究为了解艾叶毛状体发育的分子调控机制提供了理论基础，并为艾叶精细育种提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide association of root growth angle, seminal root numbers, and leaf area in the synthetic hexaploid wheat diversity panel 合成六倍体小麦多样性面板中根生长角、种子根数和叶面积的全基因组关联

IF 2.2 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100507

Maria Khalid , Zoya Khalid , Zubair Ahmed , Lee Hickey , Awais Rasheed , Alvina Gul , Rabia Amir

A lack of understanding about the variations in root number, root angle, and leaf area contributes to inability of wheat withstand drought stress during seedling stage. This discrepancy hinders the development of drought-tolerant wheat varieties. We aimed to evaluate germplasm at seedling stage to find association between markers and traits. We characterized a collection of synthetic hexaploid wheat for root angle, seminal root numbers, and early vigor and identified loci associated with these traits using a 50 K SNP array and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) platforms. In total, 39 marker-trait nucleotides (QTNs) were associated with LA, RA, and RN distributed over 10 wheat chromosomes. Out of these, 11 QTNs were associated with LA, 15 QTNs were associated with RA, and 13 QTNs were associated with RN.LA showed a negative correlation with RN and a poor correlation with RA. The phenotypic values of synthetic hexaploid wheat accessions with a higher frequency of favorable alleles have been found to increase. Therefore, prioritizing the use of these synthetic wheat varieties in wheat breeding programs can be beneficial for improving root system architecture (RSA) and early vigor. These preliminary findings can be useful for pre-breeding efforts aimed at enhancing wheat adaptability to drought stress conditions.

由于对根系数量、根角和叶面积的变化缺乏了解，小麦在苗期无法抵御干旱胁迫。这种差异阻碍了耐旱小麦品种的发展。我们的目的是在苗期对种质进行评价，寻找标记与性状之间的关联。研究人员利用50 K SNP阵列和基因分型测序（GBS）平台对合成六倍体小麦的根角、种子根数和早期活力进行了表征，并确定了与这些性状相关的位点。共有39个与LA、RA和RN相关的标记性状核苷酸（QTNs）分布在10条小麦染色体上。其中，11个qtn与LA相关，15个qtn与RA相关，13个qtn与RN相关。LA与RN呈负相关，与RA相关性较差。有利等位基因频率较高的合成六倍体小麦材料的表型值增加。因此，在小麦育种计划中优先使用这些合成小麦品种有利于改善根系结构（RSA）和早期活力。这些初步发现可用于提高小麦对干旱胁迫条件的适应性的育种工作。

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引用次数: 0

The calmodulin-binding transcriptional activator transcription factor family in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.): Molecular characterization, codon bias, and evolutionary trajectory 谷子（Setaria italica L.）钙调素结合转录激活因子家族：分子特征、密码子偏好和进化轨迹

IF 2.2 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100522

Huilong Chen , Kexin Ji , Yun Bai , Yuxian Li , Ying Liu , Fang Liu , Yutong Cui , Weina Ge , Zhenyi Wang

Calmodulin-binding transcriptional activator (CAMTA) is a calmodulin-binding transcription factor, which plays an important role in calcium/calmodulin transduction signaling pathway. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is an economically important C4 model crop, but the genome-wide identification and molecular evolution of the CAMTA family is not yet available. In this study, seven CAMTA genes were identified from the foxtail millet genome via bioinformatics methods. They were overall similar in structure but differed, and all showed tissue expression specificity. Regarding molecular evolution, codon bias contributed to the evolution of the CAMTA family, and interestingly, base mutation was not the main factor affecting their codon bias, and may also be affected by factors such as natural selection and other factors. Multiple traces indicated that polyploidization events primarily led to the expansion of the plant CAMTA family, with overall similar but differentiated expansion histories in different species, and that Selaginella moellendorfii possesses the most paralogous genes being the most distinctive. More intriguingly, we found the opposite quantitative evolutionary history of terrestrial plants to that of the algal CAMTA family. Therefore, we firstly analyzed the molecular properties of the CAMTA transcription factor family in foxtail millet and explored its molecular evolutionary trajectory, and constructed a flow of evolutionary trajectories from monospecies transition to the plant kingdom for reference.

calmodulin-binding transcriptional activator （CAMTA）是一种钙调素结合转录因子，在钙/钙调素转导信号通路中起重要作用。谷子（Setaria italica L.）是一种重要的C4模式作物，但CAMTA家族的全基因组鉴定和分子进化尚不清楚。本研究利用生物信息学方法从谷子基因组中鉴定出7个CAMTA基因。它们在结构上大体相似，但存在差异，且均具有组织表达特异性。在分子进化方面，密码子偏倚促进了CAMTA家族的进化，有趣的是，碱基突变并不是影响其密码子偏倚的主要因素，还可能受到自然选择等因素的影响。多重线索表明，植物CAMTA家族的扩展主要是由多倍体事件引起的，不同种间的扩展历史总体相似但又有差异，其中卷柏（Selaginella moellendorfii）具有最多的同源基因，最具差异性。更有趣的是，我们发现陆生植物的数量进化史与藻类CAMTA家族相反。因此，我们首先分析了谷子CAMTA转录因子家族的分子特性，探索其分子进化轨迹，构建了谷子从单物种向植物界过渡的进化轨迹流，以供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Priming-a state of alert against environmental stress challenges in plants 报春花--植物应对环境压力挑战的警戒状态

IF 2.2 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100513

Divya Chaudhary , Himanshi Aggarwal , Banpreet Kaur , Himani Agarwal , Arghyabrata Das , Ajay Kumar , Vaibhav Mishra , Prashant Kumar Singh , Naveen Chandra Joshi

The changing climatic conditions have led many plants to restrict their growth and suppress their yield. In their struggle for survival, plants employ unique strategies that help them grow under extreme weather conditions and challenging biotic interactions. Plants can enhance their tolerance through a key process called priming, which strengthens their immune system's response to stimuli from pathogens, beneficial microbes, chemicals, and abiotic cues. Priming provides long-term stress resistance to plants and is based on a rapid and robust defence response to environmental stress conditions. A milder form of stress or chemicals, such as sodium selenite, melatonin, β-aminobutyricacid, polyamines, calcium, zinc, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide and sodium hydrosulphide, are used to preactivate plant defence mechanisms. These chemicals play crucial role in stabilizing plant growth by empowering plants to activate their own defence mechanisms and combat unforeseen stressors. This review primarily explores the role of priming phenomena and the mechanisms that enable plants to withstand stressful environmental conditions in their natural habitat.

不断变化的气候条件导致许多植物生长受限，产量下降。在生存斗争中，植物采用了独特的策略，帮助它们在极端的天气条件和具有挑战性的生物相互作用下生长。植物可以通过一种称为 "启动 "的关键过程来增强自身的耐受力，从而加强免疫系统对病原体、有益微生物、化学物质和非生物线索刺激的反应。诱导可为植物提供长期的抗逆性，其基础是对环境胁迫条件做出快速而强有力的防御反应。亚硒酸钠、褪黑激素、β-氨基丁酸、多胺、钙、锌、过氧化氢、硫化氢和硫氢化钠等较温和的胁迫或化学物质可用于预激活植物防御机制。这些化学物质在稳定植物生长方面发挥着至关重要的作用，使植物能够激活自身的防御机制，对抗不可预见的压力。本综述主要探讨预激活现象的作用以及使植物能够在自然栖息地抵御压力环境条件的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Structural and functional insights into Jasmonate ZIM-domain 2 (GhJAZ2) interactions in cotton fiber development via Jasmonic acid signaling 通过茉莉酸信号传导，茉莉酸zim -结构域2 （GhJAZ2）在棉纤维发育中的相互作用的结构和功能研究

IF 2.2 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100528

Muhammad Sulyman Saleem , Sultan Habibullah Khan , Zunaira Afzal Naveed

Cotton is one of the world's most vital fiber crops, and enhancing its fiber quality continues to be a major priority for the textile sector. The protein GhJAZ2, belonging to the Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) family, functions as a transcriptional repressor that influences fiber initiation by interacting with proteins such as GhMYB25-like, GhWD40, GhMYC2, GhGL1, and GhJI1, all of which participate in jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways. Despite their known involvement, detailed insights into their interactions and precise three-dimensional structures remain elusive.

In this research, we aimed to characterize the functional roles of GhJAZ2 and its interacting partners, and to model their structural interactions computationally. We utilized homology-based modeling to construct 3D models and applied HADDOCK software for protein-protein docking to accurately pinpoint interaction sites and assess binding affinities. Our findings indicated that the ZIM domain of GhJAZ2 serves as the central interaction region. Specifically, key residues within the TIFY motif, particularly ILE126 and TYR128, play a significant role in binding GhWD40, GhMYC2, GhGL1, and GhJI1 proteins. These results underscore the critical role of the TIFY motif in enabling GhJAZ2 to act as a repressor during fiber development.

This study provides valuable new insights into the molecular processes involved in JA-driven fiber development in cotton, identifying potential genetic targets that could be manipulated to significantly improve fiber quality.

棉花是世界上最重要的纤维作物之一，提高其纤维质量仍然是纺织部门的一个主要优先事项。GhJAZ2蛋白属于茉莉酸zm结构域（JAZ）家族，作为一种转录抑制因子，通过与ghmyb25样蛋白、GhWD40、GhMYC2、GhGL1和GhJI1等蛋白相互作用来影响纤维的起始，这些蛋白都参与茉莉酸（JA）信号通路。尽管已知它们的参与，但对它们的相互作用和精确的三维结构的详细见解仍然难以捉摸。在本研究中，我们旨在表征GhJAZ2及其相互作用伙伴的功能角色，并通过计算模拟它们的结构相互作用。我们利用同源性建模技术构建三维模型，并应用HADDOCK软件进行蛋白-蛋白对接，精确定位相互作用位点，评估结合亲和力。我们的研究结果表明GhJAZ2的ZIM结构域是中心相互作用区。具体来说，TIFY基序中的关键残基，特别是ILE126和TYR128，在结合GhWD40、GhMYC2、GhGL1和GhJI1蛋白中发挥重要作用。这些结果强调了TIFY基序在使GhJAZ2在纤维发育过程中发挥抑制作用的关键作用。这项研究为棉花中ja驱动纤维发育的分子过程提供了有价值的新见解，确定了潜在的基因靶点，可以通过操纵来显着提高纤维质量。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide identification of aldehyde dhydrogenase (ALDH) family genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum) reveals involvement of CaALDH7B1 in heat and drought stress tolerance 辣椒（Capsicum annuum）醛氢酶（ALDH）家族基因的全基因组鉴定揭示了CaALDH7B1参与辣椒耐热和干旱胁迫耐受

IF 2.2 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100524

Bo Yang , Yifen Shang , Lang Wen , Yijia Cui , Zixing Li , Yuan Cheng , Chaochao Liu

Abiotic stresses such as heat and drought lead to oxidative damage in plants by inducing excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), which detoxify reactive aldehydes, play critical roles in stress responses, but their functions in pepper (Capsicum annuum) remain largely unexplored. In this study, 28 CaALDH genes were identified and categorized into nine families. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses revealed strong evolutionary conservation, highlighting CaALDH2B4 and CaALDH7B1 as key members. Expression profiling showed distinct tissue-specific patterns and robust induction under heat and drought stress. Functional analysis via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) confirmed that CaALDH7B1 enhances stress tolerance by limiting ROS accumulation, promoting antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, APX, POD), and maintaining NADPH/NADP⁺ homeostasis. Comparative genomics and structural modeling further revealed that CaALDH7B1 is evolutionarily conserved, with critical NADP⁺-binding residues retained across plant species. These findings underscore the pivotal role of CaALDH7B1 in oxidative stress regulation and provide new insights into the functional evolution of the ALDH gene family in pepper.

高温和干旱等非生物胁迫通过诱导活性氧（ROS）的过度积累而导致植物的氧化损伤。醛脱氢酶（ALDHs）是一种脱毒活性醛的酶，在胁迫反应中起着重要作用，但其在辣椒中的功能尚未得到充分研究。本研究共鉴定出28个CaALDH基因，并将其分为9个家族。系统发育和合成分析显示，CaALDH2B4和CaALDH7B1是关键成员，具有较强的进化保守性。在高温和干旱胁迫下，表达谱显示出明显的组织特异性模式和强大的诱导。通过病毒诱导基因沉默（VIGS）的功能分析证实，CaALDH7B1通过限制ROS积累、促进抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、APX、POD）活性和维持NADPH/NADP+稳态来增强胁迫耐性。比较基因组学和结构建模进一步表明，CaALDH7B1具有进化保守性，在植物物种中保留了关键的NADP+结合残基。这些发现强调了CaALDH7B1在氧化应激调控中的关键作用，并为辣椒ALDH基因家族的功能进化提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-wide characterization of the anthocyanin O-methyltransferases in the cultivated potato 栽培马铃薯花青素o -甲基转移酶的全基因组特征

IF 2.2 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100506

Annalisa Staiti , Carmine Fruggiero , Domenico Carputo , Vincenzo D’Amelia , Nunzio D’Agostino

O-methyltransferases (OMTs) are group of enzymes involved in the methylation of various secondary metabolites, including anthocyanins. This secondary modification, together with hydroxylation and glycosylation, affects the chromatic properties, stability and reactivity of these pigments. Meanwhile, no detailed identification or genome-wide analysis of the OMT gene family members in potato (Solanum tuberosum) has been reported. We conducted a genome-wide identification and characterization of potato OMTs, identifying 65 OMT family members. These were characterized based on gene structure, evolutionary relationships, and promoter motifs. Analysis of available gene expression profiles from public databases revealed expression patterns indicative of tissue- and temporal-specificity Finally, we further elucidated expression differences among four selected OMT-encoding genes using potato cell cultures, which represent a smart and gainful alternative for anthocyanin production and deep knowledge about these post-biosynthetic modifications.

o -甲基转移酶（OMTs）是一组参与各种次生代谢产物甲基化的酶，包括花青素。这种二级修饰，连同羟基化和糖基化，影响这些颜料的着色性能、稳定性和反应性。同时，马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum） OMT基因家族成员的详细鉴定和全基因组分析尚未见报道。我们对马铃薯OMT进行了全基因组鉴定和表征，鉴定了65个OMT家族成员。这些是基于基因结构、进化关系和启动子基序来鉴定的。通过对公共数据库中可用基因表达谱的分析，揭示了组织特异性和时间特异性的表达模式。最后，我们利用马铃薯细胞培养进一步阐明了四个选定的omt编码基因之间的表达差异，这代表了花青素生产的一个聪明而有益的选择，并深入了解了这些生物合成后修饰。

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引用次数: 0

Decoding the evolution of dumbbell stomata: Insights from the developmental genes of sedges and grasses 解码哑铃气孔的进化：来自莎草和禾草发育基因的见解

IF 2.2 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100494

Alison P.A. Menezes , Emilio Petrone-Mendoza , James W. Clark , Salvatore Cozzolino

Stomatal morphology is a defining trait among plant lineages. Grasses (Poaceae) have distinctive dumbbell-shaped stomata that enhance water-use efficiency compared to the more common kidney-shaped stomata. In the closely related sedges (Cyperaceae) dumbbell-like stomata can be found. Dumbbell-like stomata in sedges share morphological features with grasses, suggesting potential conservation or convergence of developmental pathways. To investigate the evolution of dumbbell and dumbbell-like stomata, we analyzed genomic and transcriptomic data from 29 sedge species and five grass species. Using their predicted proteomes, we identified orthologues involved in stomatal development and reconstructed their phylogenetic histories. Among the 16 gene families analyzed, EPFL9, YODA, SCR, and SHR were expanded in grasses but not in sedges. POLAR, SPCH, and ABI were expanded in both lineages, seven families were conserved in both, BASL is not present in both, and, in the ICE1/SCRM2 family, SCRM2 was lost while ICE1 was duplicated in sedges. Gene family expansion in grasses occurred primarily in genes involved in early stages of stomatal development, while the non-duplicated or independently expanded genes shared by sedges and grasses contribute to the development of the two lateral subsidiary cells as well as the guard cells. The gene conservation and independent expansion suggest shared regulatory networks underlying the stomata morphology typical of the order Poales. This study serves as an evolutionary guide for testing functional proteins underlying paracytic dumbbell and dumbbell-like stomata development.

气孔形态是植物谱系的一个决定性特征。禾本科植物具有独特的哑铃形气孔，与更常见的肾形气孔相比，哑铃形气孔提高了水分利用效率。在密切相关的莎草（莎草科）中可以发现哑铃状气孔。莎草的哑铃状气孔与禾本科具有相同的形态特征，表明它们的发育途径可能存在守恒或趋同。为了研究哑铃和类哑铃气孔的进化，我们分析了29种莎草和5种禾本科植物的基因组和转录组学数据。利用他们预测的蛋白质组，我们确定了参与气孔发育的同源物，并重建了它们的系统发育历史。在所分析的16个基因家族中，EPFL9、YODA、SCR和SHR在禾草中扩增，而在莎草中未扩增。POLAR、SPCH和ABI在两个谱系中都有扩增，在两个谱系中都有7个家族保守，BASL在两个谱系中都不存在，并且在ICE1/SCRM2家族中，SCRM2缺失，而ICE1在莎草中重复。在禾草中，基因家族扩增主要发生在参与气孔发育早期阶段的基因中，而莎草和禾草共有的非复制或独立扩增的基因则参与了两侧辅助细胞和保护细胞的发育。基因的保守和独立扩展表明，共同的调控网络隐藏在典型的气孔形态之下。该研究为检测哑铃和哑铃样气孔发育的功能蛋白提供了进化指导。

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引用次数: 0

Development of a meiotic atlas and chromosomal mapping of abundant genome elements in the orphan crop golden thistle (Scolymus hispanicus L.) 孤儿作物金蓟（Scolymus hispanicus L.）减数分裂图谱的建立及基因组丰富元素的染色体定位

IF 2.2 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100493

Ahmet L. Tek, Sevim D. Kara Öztürk, Hümeyra Yıldız Akkamış, Elif Sena Köksal, Emir Can Kaya

Orphan crops have great potential for sustainable agricultural production. Meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms is a crucial process for maintaining the chromosome complement and ensuring genetic diversity by meiotic crossover and segregation of homologous chromosomes. Repetitive DNA elements differ in quantity, sequence, and distribution pattern among species. These elements are useful for taxonomic, phylogenetic, and evolutionary studies, as well as for establishing species-specific karyotypes. The golden thistle (Scolymus hispanicus L.), an orphan crop, is a diploid plant species (2n = 2× = 20) of the Asteraceae family and is common in the Mediterranean region. Despite some research on its phytochemical properties, there are few studies on its molecular biology, genetics, and cytogenetics. Therefore, we aimed to construct an atlas of the meiosis of golden thistle and to discover repetitive genome elements. A novel 180-bp repetitive DNA element, Sh180, of the golden thistle was identified by bioinformatic, molecular and cytogenetic methods. Chromosomal domains containing Sh180, the telomeric repeat TTTAGGGn, 5S and 35S rDNA were mapped on mitotic metaphase chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The Sh180 signals were mapped in the subtelomeric regions of all mitotic metaphase chromosomes. Our findings provide the first information for future genetics and breeding studies such as meiotic, karyotype and phylogenetic analyses of this underutilized crop.

孤儿作物在可持续农业生产中具有巨大潜力。在有性生殖生物中，减数分裂是维持染色体补体和确保遗传多样性的重要过程，通过减数分裂的交叉和同源染色体的分离。重复DNA元素在不同物种间的数量、序列和分布模式不同。这些元素对分类学、系统发育和进化研究以及建立物种特异性核型都很有用。金蓟（学名：Scolymus hispanicus L.）是菊科二倍体植物（2n = 2x = 20），是一种孤儿作物，常见于地中海地区。尽管对其植物化学性质有一些研究，但对其分子生物学、遗传学和细胞遗传学的研究很少。因此，我们旨在构建金蓟减数分裂图谱，发现重复的基因组元件。采用生物信息学、分子遗传学和细胞遗传学方法，鉴定了金蓟一个新的180 bp重复DNA片段Sh180。利用荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）在有丝分裂中期染色体上定位了含有Sh180、TTTAGGGn、5S和35S rDNA的染色体结构域。Sh180信号在所有有丝分裂中期染色体的亚端粒区被定位。本研究结果为今后对这种未充分利用作物进行减数分裂、核型和系统发育分析等遗传育种研究提供了初步资料。

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引用次数: 0