Plant Gene最新文献_第3页

IAA and ABA-stress mediate Omega-3 fatty acid enhancement in Monoraphidium contortum SRR472 IAA和aba应激介导扭曲单胞菌SRR472中Omega-3脂肪酸的增加

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100559

Nidhi Chaudhary, Monalisha Mishra, Mariyam Fatima, Nand K. Singh

Microalgae are a sustainable source of high-value bioactive compounds with significant nutritional and therapeutic benefits. They contain essential dietary components, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These fatty acids are known for their positive effect on mental, vision, and cardiovascular health in humans. In the present study, the stress-inducing effect of indole acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA), on Monoraphidium contortum SRR472 was investigated with a focus on omega-3 fatty acid biosynthesis. Our study highlighted, both phytohormones acted as biochemical stressors, significantly enhancing cellular proliferation, biomass accumulation, and omega-3 fatty acids biosynthesis. Among the treatments, ABA exerted the most stimulatory effect on overall cell growth and biomass. Notably, IAA induced stress significantly increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA (9.10 ± 0.01, 3.75 ± 0.07, and 4.1 ± 0.1 %). Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes under phytohormone further confirmed the cellular stress response. The gene expression analysis revealed a substantial upregulation of key fatty acid biosynthetic pathway genes, including FAD (fatty acid desaturase), D6E (elongase ∆6b1), and D6D (∆6-desaturase) were significantly enhanced by 5.3, 2.1, and 1.4-fold, respectively, relative to the control following IAA stress in the microalgae. These results support the role of stress-driven transcriptional regulation in enhancing PUFA production. These findings demonstrate that IAA and ABA-induced oxidative stress serve as a potent trigger for boosting omega-3 fatty acid accumulation in microalgae, offering a strategic approach for optimizing omega-3 PUFA yields in microalgal bioprocessing.

微藻是高价值生物活性化合物的可持续来源，具有显著的营养和治疗效益。它们含有必需的膳食成分，包括omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）。众所周知，这些脂肪酸对人类的精神、视力和心血管健康有积极作用。本研究以欧米加-3脂肪酸的生物合成为重点，研究吲哚乙酸（IAA）和脱落酸（ABA）对扭曲单胞菌SRR472的胁迫诱导作用。我们的研究强调，这两种植物激素作为生化应激源，显著促进细胞增殖、生物量积累和omega-3脂肪酸的生物合成。其中，ABA对整体细胞生长和生物量的刺激作用最大。值得注意的是，IAA诱导的应激显著增加了omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸，特别是亚麻酸，EPA和DHA（9.10±0.01,3.75±0.07和4.1±0.1%）。植物激素作用下活性氧（ROS）和抗氧化酶水平的升高进一步证实了细胞的应激反应。基因表达分析显示，在IAA胁迫下，微藻中脂肪酸去饱和酶（FAD）、延长酶（D6E）和去饱和酶（D6D）等关键脂肪酸生物合成途径基因显著上调，分别较对照显著提高5.3倍、2.1倍和1.4倍。这些结果支持应激驱动的转录调控在提高PUFA生产中的作用。这些发现表明，IAA和aba诱导的氧化应激是促进微藻中omega-3脂肪酸积累的有效触发因素，为优化微藻生物加工过程中omega-3 PUFA的产量提供了一种战略途径。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals regulatory networks underlying flavonoid accumulation in developing seeds of vegetable- and grain-type faba bean (Vicia faba L.) 比较代谢组学和转录组学分析揭示了蔬菜型和谷物型蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）种子发育过程中黄酮积累的调控网络

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100554

Na Zhao , Dong Xue , Yongqiang Wang , Yamei Miao , Chunyan Gu , Kaihua Wang , Libin Wei , Linglong Zhu , Xuejun Wang

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a nutrient-rich legume crop valued for its high protein content and dietary benefits. However, the coordination between metabolic accumulation and gene regulatory networks during seed development remains insufficiently understood, particularly how dynamic changes in primary and secondary metabolites drive developmental transitions and influence final seed quality. In this study, we performed integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses at two developmental stages (30 and 45 days after anthesis, DAA) of two V. faba cultivars: the vegetable-type TongCanXian No.7 (TCX) and the grain-type QiDou No.2 (QD). A total of 868 metabolites were identified using widely targeted LC-MS/MS, of which 247 were differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Key enriched pathways included flavonoid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and ABC transporters. RNA-seq profiling generated 37,457 unigenes, and 9862 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on the thresholds of |log₂FC| > 1 and adjusted p-value <0.05. Among these, 34 DEGs and 19 DAMs were co-enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Notably, genes such as CHS, F3H, and DFR showed cultivar-specific expression patterns associated with flavonoid accumulation. This work provides new insights into the molecular basis of metabolite accumulation in faba bean seeds and highlights 34 key candidate genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. These findings offer a foundation for targeted genetic improvement of nutritional quality traits in faba bean.

蚕豆（Vicia Faba L.）是一种营养丰富的豆类作物，因其高蛋白含量和膳食益处而受到重视。然而，在种子发育过程中，代谢积累和基因调控网络之间的协调仍然没有得到充分的了解，特别是初级和次级代谢物的动态变化如何驱动发育转变并影响最终种子质量。本研究对菜籽型桐参鲜7号（TCX）和籽粒型歧豆2号（QD）两个蚕豆品种的两个发育阶段（开花后30天和45天）进行了综合代谢组学和转录组学分析。利用广泛靶向的LC-MS/MS共鉴定出868种代谢物，其中247种为差异积累代谢物（DAMs）。主要富集途径包括类黄酮生物合成、氨基酸代谢和ABC转运蛋白。RNA-seq分析产生37,457个单基因，根据|log 2 FC| >； 1和调整p值<；0.05的阈值鉴定出9862个差异表达基因（deg）。其中34个deg和19个dam在类黄酮生物合成途径中共富集。值得注意的是，CHS、F3H和DFR等基因表现出与类黄酮积累相关的品种特异性表达模式。这项工作为蚕豆种子代谢产物积累的分子基础提供了新的见解，并突出了34个参与类黄酮生物合成的关键候选基因。这些发现为蚕豆营养品质性状的定向遗传改良奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Cloning and functional characterization of three cinnamate 4-hydroxylase isoforms from Marchantia polymorpha associated with UV-absorbing compounds production 三种肉桂酸4-羟化酶异构体的克隆与功能分析

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100558

Jiayi Yang, Jian Mo, Baoyun Shan, Xiaochun Qin, Haina Yu

Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) catalyzes the second step of the phenylpropanoid pathway to generate precursor for phenolic compounds. As phenylpropanoid-derived specialized metabolites, Ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing compounds (UVACs) exhibit distinct UV-B absorption. In this study, we cloned and functionally characterized three C4H homologs (MpCYP73A1, A2 and A3) from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Bioinformatic analyses confirmed that all MpCYP73 isoforms maintain conserved cytochrome P450 domains characteristic of plant C4H enzymes. Heterologous expression of recombinant MpCYP73 isoforms in yeast microsomes confirmed their functional identity as cinnamate 4-hydroxylases (C4H, EC 1.14.14.91). The enzymes catalyzed trans-cinnamic acid and 3-hydroxycinnamic acid into p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid, respectively. The three MpCYP73 isoforms exhibited distinct kinetic profiles, with MpCYP73A1 displaying the lowest K_m value for trans-cinnamic acid and MpCYP73A3 showing the highest affinity for 3-hydroxycinnamic acid. Furthermore, their catalytic activities toward both substrates also demonstrated marked variation. In addition, MpCYP73A1 displayed the highest transcript abundance, positively correlating with UVACs accumulation. Furthermore, UV-B treatment significantly induced the expression of MpCYP73s and enhanced the total content of methanol-soluble UVACs. These findings provide a basis for further investigation on the critical regulatory role of MpCYP73 isoforms in UVACs biosynthesis in M. polymorpha.

肉桂酸4-羟化酶（C4H）催化苯丙酸途径的第二步生成酚类化合物的前体。作为类苯丙烷衍生的特殊代谢物，紫外线吸收化合物（UVACs）表现出明显的UV- b吸收。本研究从地茅中克隆了3个C4H同源物（MpCYP73A1、A2和A3），并对其进行了功能表征。生物信息学分析证实，所有MpCYP73亚型都保持植物C4H酶特征的保守细胞色素P450结构域。重组MpCYP73亚型在酵母微粒体中的异源表达证实了它们作为肉桂酸4-羟化酶的功能特性（C4H, EC 1.14.14.91）。这些酶分别催化反式肉桂酸和3-羟基肉桂酸生成对香豆酸和咖啡酸。MpCYP73的3个亚型表现出不同的动力学特征，其中MpCYP73A1对反式肉桂酸的Km值最低，MpCYP73A3对3-羟基肉桂酸的Km值最高。此外，它们对两种底物的催化活性也表现出明显的差异。此外，MpCYP73A1的转录物丰度最高，与UVACs积累呈正相关。此外，UV-B处理显著诱导了MpCYP73s的表达，增加了甲醇溶性UVACs的总含量。这些发现为进一步研究MpCYP73亚型在多形霉UVACs生物合成中的关键调控作用提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Lipoxygenases: The gatekeepers in plant resilience against biotic stress 脂氧合酶：植物抗生物胁迫能力的守门人

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100557

Manisha Yadav , Srishti Satija , Saurabh Awasthi , Indrakant K. Singh , Archana Singh

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are widely distributed, non-heme iron-containing oxidoreductase enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), synthesizing cis- and trans-pentadienes with conjugated double bonds. These hydroperoxides serve as precursors for oxylipin synthesis, which include jasmonates and GLV (Green Leaf Volatiles), that govern important defense and development reactions. LOXs exhibit wide distribution across taxa and display structural and functional diversity, reflecting their evolutionary significance. Recent advances in LOX research have provided insights into their tissue-specific localization, structural organization, catalytic mechanism, and reannotation of the angiospermic LOX gene families based on evolutionary descent and oxidation specificity (LOX13, LOX9_A, LOX9_B). LOXs are often categorised based on their spatial selectivity for oxidizing unsaturated fatty acids. LOX-mediated pathways are critical in shaping plant immunity against a broad spectrum of biotic stresses, including bacterial, fungal, nematode, and herbivore attacks, often through crosstalk with other phytohormonal signaling networks such as salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids and Ca²⁺/calmodulin-amplified responses that link membrane lipid remodeling to transcriptional defense programs. This review summarises the distribution, structure, catalysis, and signaling mechanisms of LOXs and crucial role of 9-LOX and 13-LOX pathways in combating pathogenic bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and herbivores where LOX perturbations modulate resistance, hypersensitive cell death, stomatal immunity, reactive oxygen signaling and defense gene expression. Exploring the potential of LOXs as defense agents against biotic stresses, and their contribution towards enhancing plant tolerance and resistance mechanisms, is worthwhile for crop improvement.

脂氧化酶（LOXs）是一种分布广泛的非血红素含铁氧化还原酶，它催化多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）的氧化，合成具有共轭双键的顺式和反式戊二烯。这些氢过氧化物是氧化脂素合成的前体，其中包括茉莉酸盐和GLV（绿叶挥发物），它们控制着重要的防御和发育反应。lox在不同分类群中分布广泛，具有结构和功能多样性，反映了其进化意义。近年来LOX研究的最新进展为基于进化血统和氧化特异性（LOX13, LOX9_A, LOX9_B）的被子植物LOX基因家族的组织特异性定位、结构组织、催化机制和重新注释提供了新的见解。lox通常根据其对氧化不饱和脂肪酸的空间选择性进行分类。lox介导的途径在形成植物免疫抵御广泛的生物胁迫（包括细菌、真菌、线虫和食草动物的攻击）方面至关重要，通常通过与其他植物激素信号网络（如水杨酸、脱落酸、油菜素内酯和Ca2+/钙调素放大反应）的串聊，将膜脂重塑与转录防御程序联系起来。本文综述了LOX的分布、结构、催化和信号机制，以及9-LOX和13-LOX通路在对抗致病菌、真菌、线虫和食草动物中的重要作用，其中LOX扰动调节抗性、超敏细胞死亡、气孔免疫、活性氧信号和防御基因表达。探索LOXs作为生物胁迫防御剂的潜力及其在提高植物耐受性和抗性机制方面的贡献，对作物改良具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Induced mutagenesis confers earliness and salt tolerance in ricebean (Vigna umbellata) 诱导诱变提高了黄豆早熟性和耐盐性。

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100556

Soumik Dey , Aditya Pratap Singh , Sutanu Sarkar , Kalyan Jana , Mojtaba Kordrostami , Mehdi Rahimi

Ricebean (Vigna umbellata [Thunb.] Ohwi and Ohashi) is an underutilized legume valued for its dual role as a protein-rich pulse and high-quality forage crop. However, its commercial adoption is limited due to late maturity and susceptibility to salinity stress. Eleven M5 mutant lines derived from gamma-irradiated seeds of the late-maturing variety BRB-1 were evaluated under single-site field trials and controlled salinity assays. Several mutants flowered and matured ∼2 weeks earlier than BRB-1 and showed higher mean forage protein and seed/forage yield under these single-site trials. One line displayed superior germination and seedling performance under in-vitro salinity screening. These results indicate that induced mutagenesis can generate promising early-maturing and salt-tolerant candidates; however, multi-location and multi-season evaluations and physiological/molecular validation are required before recommending release or broad dual-purpose deployment.

黄豆（黄豆）[拇指]。[Ohwi和Ohashi]是一种未被充分利用的豆科植物，因为它具有富含蛋白质的豆类和高质量的饲料作物的双重作用。然而，由于成熟度较晚且易受盐度胁迫，其商业应用受到限制。以晚熟品种BRB-1的γ辐照种子衍生的11个M5突变系进行了单点田间试验和控制盐度分析。在这些单点试验中，一些突变体比BRB-1早开花和成熟约2周，并显示出更高的平均饲料蛋白和种子/饲料产量。其中一个品系在体外盐度筛选下表现出优异的萌发和出苗性能。这些结果表明，诱变可以产生有希望的早熟耐盐候选品种；然而，在建议释放或广泛的双重用途部署之前，需要进行多地点和多季节的评估和生理/分子验证。

引用次数: 0

Genome-wide identification of the Delay of Germination (DoG1) gene and ethrel mediated regulation of seed dormancy in peanut 花生发芽延迟基因DoG1的全基因组鉴定及乙烯基介导的种子休眠调控

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100555

Chandramohan Sangh, Swati Kasundra, Praveen Kona, Radhakrishnan Thankappan, Sandip Kumar Bera

The DoG1 (Delay of Germination 1) gene family has emerged as an important regulator in the post-genomic era owing to its critical roles in seed dormancy, plant growth, and development. Although extensively studied in several crops, its characterization in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) has not yet been undertaken. To address this gap, the present study aimed to identify DoG1-like (AhDoG1L) genes in peanut and investigate structural features, expression, and evolutionary relationships. Using a peanut-specific HMM, we identified 34 AhDoG1L genes, all of which contained a conserved DoG1 domain, with some also harboring a bZIP domain. Protein sequence analysis predicted nuclear localization, and phylogenetic classification grouped these genes into three subclades, with tandem duplications preferentially distributed at chromosome termini. Comparative synteny and orthology analyses with soybean and sunflower revealed conserved evolutionary relationships. Promoter analysis identified 10 conserved motifs and multiple cis-acting regulatory elements responsive to light, hormones, and low temperature, suggesting diverse regulatory mechanisms. Functional annotation through GO enrichment and protein–protein interaction networks further supported roles in transcriptional regulation and dormancy control. Expression analysis using qRT-PCR demonstrated that 11 AhDoG1L genes (p < 0.05) showed significantly higher expression in freshly harvested seeds than in germinated seeds, indicating a role in seed dormancy in the TG37 genotype. Moreover, ethrel treatment in PBS 15014 led to the identification of AhDoG1-L34, AhDoG1-L30, and AhDoG1-L22 (p < 0.05), highlighting responsiveness to ethrel. Collectively, these findings provide the first comprehensive overview of the AhDoG1 gene family in peanut, offering insights into their potential involvement in regulating seed dormancy and germination.

由于在种子休眠、植物生长和发育中起着关键作用，DoG1（延迟发芽1）基因家族在后基因组时代成为一个重要的调控基因。虽然在几种作物中进行了广泛的研究，但其在花生（Arachis hypogaea）中的特性尚未进行。为了解决这一空白，本研究旨在鉴定花生中dog1样（AhDoG1L）基因，并研究其结构特征、表达和进化关系。使用花生特异性HMM，我们鉴定了34个AhDoG1L基因，所有这些基因都包含一个保守的DoG1结构域，其中一些还包含一个bZIP结构域。蛋白质序列分析预测了核定位，系统发育分类将这些基因分为三个亚支，串联重复优先分布在染色体末端。与大豆和向日葵的比较合成和同源分析显示了保守的进化关系。启动子分析发现了10个保守的基序和多个对光、激素和低温敏感的顺式调控元件，表明调控机制的多样性。通过氧化石墨烯富集和蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络的功能注释进一步支持了其在转录调控和休眠控制中的作用。qRT-PCR表达分析显示，11个AhDoG1L基因在新鲜收获种子中的表达量（p < 0.05）显著高于发芽种子，表明TG37基因型在种子休眠中起作用。此外，在PBS 15014中处理乙烯利导致AhDoG1-L34、AhDoG1-L30和AhDoG1-L22的鉴定（p < 0.05），突出了对乙烯利的反应性。总的来说，这些发现提供了花生中AhDoG1基因家族的第一个全面概述，为它们在调节种子休眠和萌发中的潜在参与提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Negative regulation of GhCOBL6 and GhCOBL7 uncover their role in whitefly resistance GhCOBL6和GhCOBL7的负调控揭示了它们在白蝇抗性中的作用

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100553

Faiqa Anjum, Rubab Zahra Naqvi, Naima Razzaq, Imran Amin, Muhammad Asif

The COBL (COBRA-LIKE) gene family is characterized by its remarkable responsiveness to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. It is a widely studied gene family, but two of its gene members, GhCOBL6 and GhCOBL7, have shown differential gene expression under whitefly stress in soybean plants; however, their role as susceptibility or resistance genes under whitefly infestation on cotton plants remains unclear. This study presents the genome-wide analysis and distribution of COBL genes in Gossypium hirsutum and other plant species. We identified 39, 07, 24, 13, 15 and 12 protein sequences in G. hirsutum, N. tabacum, G. max, O. sativa, Z. mays and A. thaliana respectively that have a conserved CCVS motif. The overall bioinformatics analysis has shown that the COBL genes are classified into two main groups based on presence of CCVS conserved motif and the functional divergence based on number of amino acids. Two members of COBL gene family, GhCOBL6 and GhCOBL7, have been targeted through VIGS in G. hirsutum. The VIGS-infiltrated plants were evaluated under whitefly infestation. It was observed that GhCOBL6-downregulated and GhCOBL7-downregulated plants showed 70–75 % reduction in adult whitefly population, and both genes were found to be strong negative regulators of whitefly stress. In nutshell, this study provides an important insight into COBL gene family and the role of two COBL genes in G. hirsutum under whitefly infestation. Thus, the findings will help to develop crop varieties resistant to whitefly stress.

COBL （COBRA-LIKE）基因家族在植物中对生物和非生物胁迫具有显著的响应性。这是一个被广泛研究的基因家族，但其两个基因成员GhCOBL6和GhCOBL7在白蝇胁迫下在大豆植物中表现出差异基因表达；然而，它们在白蝇侵染棉花时作为易感基因或抗性基因的作用尚不清楚。本研究报道了棉和其他植物COBL基因的全基因组分析和分布。结果表明，在棉花、烟草、max、sativa、Z. mays和拟南芥中，分别有39、07、24、13、15和12个蛋白序列具有保守的CCVS基序。总体生物信息学分析表明，COBL基因根据CCVS保守基序的存在和基于氨基酸数量的功能差异可分为两大类。COBL基因家族的两个成员，GhCOBL6和GhCOBL7，已经通过VIGS在毛藓中被靶向。对白蝇侵染植物进行了评价。结果表明，下调ghcobl6和下调ghcobl7的植物成年白蝇种群数量减少70 - 75%，这两个基因都是白蝇胁迫的强负调控基因。综上所述，本研究对COBL基因家族以及两个COBL基因在白蝇侵染下毛棉中的作用提供了重要的认识。因此，这些发现将有助于开发抗粉虱胁迫的作物品种。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable biocontrol of bacterial blight disease using Eisenia fetida gut derived Glutamicibacter sp.: Insights from metabolomics and in silico discovery 利用臭Eisenia fetida肠道衍生谷氨酰胺杆菌可持续生物防治细菌性枯萎病：来自代谢组学和硅发现的见解

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100552

Inrikynti Mary Kharmawphlang , Rene Barbie Browne , Jayanti Datta Roy , Ratul Pegu , Nazneen Hussain

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) serves as a vital staple crop for over 3.5 billion people globally, but its productivity is severely impacted by bacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), leading to yield losses of up to 80 %. Conventional management strategies relying on synthetic chemicals and antibiotics face limitations due to environmental risks and evolving pathogen variants. This study explores the potential of earthworm gut microorganisms in sustainable rice health and disease management, emphasizing their dual role in potassium solubilization and biocontrol of Xoo. Glutamicibacter sp. KS1, isolated from the gut of Eisenia fetida, demonstrated excellent potassium solubilizing ability and the presence of bioactive metabolites. GC–MS analysis of KS1 crude extract identified eight antibacterial compounds, wherein in silico studies highlighted ricinoleic acid (RA) and its derivatives (Methyl-ricinoleate and Potassium Ricinoleate) as promising bioactive agents. However, among all, molecular docking revealed potassium ricinoleate (PR) to exhibit an excellent binding affinity of −6.19 kcal/mol with peptide deformylase (PDF), a key enzyme in BB pathogenesis. The stability assessments using root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and radius of gyration analyses confirmed the structural integrity and compactness of hydrogen bond interactions in 5CY8-PR complex. These findings underscored the potential of Eisenia gut-derived microorganisms as an eco-friendly solution for disease control and nutrient optimization. By integrating microbial analysis with computational approaches, the study highlights a novel avenue for leveraging earthworm-associated metabolites as therapeutic agents to address bacterial blight disease and improve crop productivity.

水稻（Oryza sativa L.）是全球超过35亿人口的重要主食作物，但其生产力受到由水稻黄单胞菌（Xanthomonas oryzae pv）引起的细菌性疫病（BB）的严重影响。oryzae (Xoo)，导致产量损失高达80%。由于环境风险和不断演变的病原体变异，依赖合成化学品和抗生素的传统管理策略面临局限性。本研究探讨了蚯蚓肠道微生物在水稻健康和疾病可持续管理中的潜力，强调了它们在钾溶化和Xoo生物防治中的双重作用。从肥爱森尼亚（Eisenia fetida）肠道中分离得到的谷氨酰胺菌（Glutamicibacter sp. KS1）具有良好的钾溶出能力和生物活性代谢产物。GC-MS分析鉴定出8种抗菌化合物，其中硅片研究强调了蓖麻油酸（RA）及其衍生物（甲基蓖麻油酸和蓖麻油酸钾）是有前途的生物活性物质。然而，分子对接显示，蓖麻油酸钾（PR）与BB发病的关键酶肽去甲酰基酶（PDF）具有−6.19 kcal/mol的良好结合亲和力。稳定性评价采用均方根偏差（RMSD）、均方根波动（RMSF）和旋转半径分析，证实了5CY8-PR配合物氢键相互作用的结构完整性和紧密性。这些发现强调了爱森菌肠道衍生微生物作为疾病控制和营养优化的生态友好解决方案的潜力。通过将微生物分析与计算方法相结合，该研究强调了利用蚯蚓相关代谢物作为治疗剂来解决细菌性枯萎病和提高作物生产力的新途径。

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引用次数: 0

Integrative leaf transcriptomic and physiological insights into salt stress responses in Eucalyptus: A comparative analysis of two contrasting clones 桉树对盐胁迫反应的综合叶片转录组学和生理学研究：两个对照无性系的比较分析

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100551

Ravita Tadiya , Santan Barthwal , Harish Singh Ginwal , Hukum Singh , Fateh Singh

Salinity severely limits forest productivity; however, the molecular basis of tolerance in Eucalyptus remains unclear. We investigated the physiological and transcriptomic responses of a salt-tolerant clone (B-112) and a salt-sensitive clone (W-12) subjected to 80 days of severe salinity (EC ≥ 20 dS/m). Both clones showed reductions in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO₂ concentration, and transpiration; however, the extent of decline was considerably smaller in B-112, indicating superior physiological resilience. RNA-seq profiling revealed the targeted reprogramming of 1025 genes in B-112, compared with a broad, less coordinated response involving 14,994 genes in W-12. In B-112, enrichment analyses highlighted the strong activation of abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) cascades, carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant defense, and protein folding pathways. Key salt-responsive genes included Dehydrins (DHN1), Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs), cupredoxins, and expansins, indicating coordinated osmotic adjustment, cell-wall modification, and stress signaling. Conversely, W-12 displayed extensive upregulation of ubiquitination and vesicle trafficking genes, alongside repression of photosynthesis and chloroplast-related processes, consistent with a damage-induced rather than adaptive program. qRTPCR validation confirmed high concordance with RNAseq results. Together, these findings reveal that B-112 sustains salt tolerance through proactive and focused transcriptomic reprogramming, while W-12 exhibits reactive stress-triggered responses, providing candidate targets for breeding and genetic improvement of Eucalyptus in saline environments.

盐度严重限制了森林生产力；然而，桉树耐受性的分子基础尚不清楚。研究了耐盐无性系（B-112）和盐敏感无性系（W-12）在80天高盐度（EC≥20 dS/m）条件下的生理和转录组反应。两个无性系的光合作用、气孔导度、内部CO 2浓度和蒸腾作用均降低；然而，B-112的下降程度要小得多，这表明B-112具有更强的生理弹性。RNA-seq分析揭示了B-112中1025个基因的靶向重编程，而W-12中涉及14994个基因的广泛、不太协调的反应。在B-112中，富集分析强调了脱落酸（ABA）和乙烯信号、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs）级联、碳水化合物代谢、抗氧化防御和蛋白质折叠途径的强激活。关键的盐响应基因包括脱氢蛋白（DHN1）、乙烯响应因子（ERFs）、铜氧还毒素（cupredoxins）和扩张蛋白（expansins），它们指示协调的渗透调节、细胞壁修饰和胁迫信号。相反，W-12表现出泛素化和囊泡运输基因的广泛上调，同时抑制光合作用和叶绿体相关过程，这与损伤诱导而非适应性程序相一致。qRTPCR验证证实与RNAseq结果高度一致。总之，这些发现表明B-112通过主动和集中的转录组重编程维持耐盐性，而W-12表现出应激触发的反应性，为桉树在盐环境下的育种和遗传改良提供了候选靶点。

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引用次数: 0

EG-net: A gene regulatory network to serve as a blueprint for tailored and precise oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) breeding. egg -net：一个基因调控网络，为量身定制和精确的油棕（Elaeis guineensis Jacq.）育种提供蓝图。

IF 1.6 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Plant Gene

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2025.100548

Thalliton Luiz Carvalho da Silva , Wellington Rangel dos Santos , Roberto Coiti Togawa , Manoel Teixeira Souza Júnior

Conventional breeding of oil palm, a perennial with a protracted lifespan conducive to sustained production, is significantly hampered by two primary factors: its extended juvenile phase and a substantial time period required to reach peak productivity. These constraints significantly delay the development of improved cultivars through traditional breeding techniques. Plant genetic engineering and genome editing techniques, although unable to directly address these constraints, offer an alternative approach for introducing desirable traits in a more precise and expeditious manner. However, careful gene selection for targeted modifications is imperative. In long-lived crops, breeding precision is paramount. The selection of the most suitable gene for modification, and the assurance of its intended trait expression without disrupting others, becomes even more critical. This is where Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) come in. This study identified key regulatory molecules and constructed EG_Net, a GRN for the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). EG_Net elucidates gene-regulatory interactions and guides precise genetic engineering strategies, offering valuable insights into oil palm biology. Three case studies validated the efficacy of EG-Net in identifying genes for engineering resistance to biotic (red ring and fatal yellowing diseases) and abiotic (drought and salinity) stresses. The identification of candidate genes and analysis of regulatory elements within GRNs facilitate future investigations into sustainable stress tolerance strategies in oil palm, ultimately promoting the long-term sustainability of the palm oil industry. This study provides a framework for optimizing genetic engineering approaches to enhance disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and, consequently, the sustainability of the oil palm production system.

油棕是一种多年生植物，寿命较长，有利于持续生产，但传统的油棕育种受到两个主要因素的严重阻碍：其延长的幼期和达到生产力高峰所需的大量时间。这些限制极大地延缓了通过传统育种技术开发改良品种的时间。植物基因工程和基因组编辑技术虽然不能直接解决这些限制，但为以更精确和快速的方式引入理想性状提供了另一种方法。然而，谨慎的基因选择是有针对性的修饰是必要的。在长寿命作物中，育种精度至关重要。选择最合适的基因进行修饰，并确保其预期的性状表达而不干扰其他性状，变得更加关键。这就是基因调控网络（grn）的用武之地。本研究确定了关键调控分子，构建了非洲油棕（Elaeis guineensis Jacq.） GRN EG_Net。EG_Net阐明了基因调控相互作用并指导精确的基因工程策略，为油棕生物学提供了有价值的见解。三个案例研究证实了egg - net在鉴定抗生物（红环病和致命黄病）和非生物（干旱和盐）胁迫的工程抗性基因方面的有效性。grn中候选基因的鉴定和调控元件的分析有助于未来油棕可持续抗逆性策略的研究，最终促进油棕产业的长期可持续性。本研究为优化基因工程方法提供了一个框架，以增强油棕生产系统的抗病性、非生物抗逆性，从而提高其可持续性。

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引用次数: 0