Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2020.1850224
N. G. Larsen, Poul Baltzer Heide
ABSTRACT The countryside around the village Haagerup on Funen is dominated by gently rolling hills and large tracts of woodland, wetland and fields. Looking closer, the eye catches the old monastery and the castle, but under the soil is hidden a story of amazing wealth, unrest and shifting powers. Surveys with metal detectors in recent years have brought to light unexpected quantities of metal finds, revealing new heights of the economic resources and power of the area between the Roman Iron Age and the Middle Ages. Supporting research used a multi-proxy approach to combine the artefacts and landscapes of already known sites with a range of newly discovered sites, analysing them together to track the socio-economic developments through twelve centuries. This has enabled us to identify not just how the connection between landscape, monumentality and power shifted between the eras, but also how differently this connection was manifested even within the same periods in a small area. We are able to identify bog iron to be a likely source of the area’s wealth, and we can demonstrate how the shifts between local and national government led to a complete remodelling of the landscape of power during the early middle Ages.
{"title":"Wealth and Wetlands: Two Millennia of Landscape History in and around Haagerup, on the Island of Funen, Denmark","authors":"N. G. Larsen, Poul Baltzer Heide","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2020.1850224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2020.1850224","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The countryside around the village Haagerup on Funen is dominated by gently rolling hills and large tracts of woodland, wetland and fields. Looking closer, the eye catches the old monastery and the castle, but under the soil is hidden a story of amazing wealth, unrest and shifting powers. Surveys with metal detectors in recent years have brought to light unexpected quantities of metal finds, revealing new heights of the economic resources and power of the area between the Roman Iron Age and the Middle Ages. Supporting research used a multi-proxy approach to combine the artefacts and landscapes of already known sites with a range of newly discovered sites, analysing them together to track the socio-economic developments through twelve centuries. This has enabled us to identify not just how the connection between landscape, monumentality and power shifted between the eras, but also how differently this connection was manifested even within the same periods in a small area. We are able to identify bog iron to be a likely source of the area’s wealth, and we can demonstrate how the shifts between local and national government led to a complete remodelling of the landscape of power during the early middle Ages.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"21 1","pages":"2 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2020.1850224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43111653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2020.1861726
M. Runge
ABSTRACT The Viking Age ring fortress Nonnebakken is located within and under the modern city of Odense in Denmark and is only visible to the informed or trained eye. The fortress has however been known for centuries from historical maps and excavations, and recent investigations in the form of excavations and non-destructive analysis have proven that its state of preservation is generally excellent. This new research has been the point of departure for a revitalisation of Nonnebakken in local consciousness. The paper presents the results of the recent research and offers new interpretations on the local, regional and national landscape context of the fortress. It also describes the strategies and methods that are being deployed to improve the visualisation of the fortress and its landscape setting and to help local people be more aware of it in terms of ownership and pride.
{"title":"Revitalising the Danish Viking Age Ring Fortress Nonnebakken, Odense, Denmark","authors":"M. Runge","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2020.1861726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2020.1861726","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Viking Age ring fortress Nonnebakken is located within and under the modern city of Odense in Denmark and is only visible to the informed or trained eye. The fortress has however been known for centuries from historical maps and excavations, and recent investigations in the form of excavations and non-destructive analysis have proven that its state of preservation is generally excellent. This new research has been the point of departure for a revitalisation of Nonnebakken in local consciousness. The paper presents the results of the recent research and offers new interpretations on the local, regional and national landscape context of the fortress. It also describes the strategies and methods that are being deployed to improve the visualisation of the fortress and its landscape setting and to help local people be more aware of it in terms of ownership and pride.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"20 1","pages":"98 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2020.1861726","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44890306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2020.1861716
R. Banerjea, Guillermo García-Contreras Ruiz, G. Kalnins, M. Karczewski, A. Pluskowski, H. Valk, Alexander D. Brown
ABSTRACT This paper promotes the application of geoarchaeology—joint studies using historical, archaeological and heritage approaches—to the conservation and management practice of castles and landscapes in the context of ‘castlescapes’. Using case studies from recent research on medieval castles in frontier regions of the eastern Baltic and Spain, it demonstrates how geoarchaeology can create synergies between on-site and off-site environments and between cultural and natural heritage and draw valuable information from soils and sediments about the changing form and function of spaces within castles, and about the links between these spaces and activities in their hinterlands. Geoarchaeological approaches can also illuminate the diachronic biographies that hide from visitors in the buried archaeology of castles, which to most visitors would be blank cavasses, but which can provide snap-shots of castle life in the context of a wider landscape. Castles are commonly publicly recognised as being important historical monuments, but from a heritage perspective they are often presented in isolation from their associated historical territories, and often (especially in frontier regions) appropriated within modern politics, which has influenced both heritage management decisions and research frameworks.
{"title":"Geoarchaeology and Castlescapes: Heritage Management Case Studies in Spain and the Eastern Baltic","authors":"R. Banerjea, Guillermo García-Contreras Ruiz, G. Kalnins, M. Karczewski, A. Pluskowski, H. Valk, Alexander D. Brown","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2020.1861716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2020.1861716","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper promotes the application of geoarchaeology—joint studies using historical, archaeological and heritage approaches—to the conservation and management practice of castles and landscapes in the context of ‘castlescapes’. Using case studies from recent research on medieval castles in frontier regions of the eastern Baltic and Spain, it demonstrates how geoarchaeology can create synergies between on-site and off-site environments and between cultural and natural heritage and draw valuable information from soils and sediments about the changing form and function of spaces within castles, and about the links between these spaces and activities in their hinterlands. Geoarchaeological approaches can also illuminate the diachronic biographies that hide from visitors in the buried archaeology of castles, which to most visitors would be blank cavasses, but which can provide snap-shots of castle life in the context of a wider landscape. Castles are commonly publicly recognised as being important historical monuments, but from a heritage perspective they are often presented in isolation from their associated historical territories, and often (especially in frontier regions) appropriated within modern politics, which has influenced both heritage management decisions and research frameworks.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"20 1","pages":"178 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2020.1861716","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47634006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2020.1857909
A. Pluskowski, R. Banerjea, Guillermo García-Contreras
ABSTRACT This paper introduces the theme of a special issue exploring the connections between castles (broadly defined as medieval fortified sites) and their landscapes, from archaeological and heritage perspectives. It includes a brief case study of how some of the castles in Occitanie, southern France, have been connected with their landscapes in the construction of Le Pays Cathare within the context of promoting regional tourism. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
摘要本文介绍了一期特刊的主题，从考古和遗产的角度探讨城堡（广义上定义为中世纪设防遗址）与其景观之间的联系。其中包括一个简短的案例研究，说明法国南部欧西塔尼的一些城堡如何在促进区域旅游的背景下，在Le Pays Cathare的建设中与它们的景观联系在一起。图形摘要
{"title":"Forgotten Castle Landscapes: Connecting Monuments and Landscapes through Heritage and Research","authors":"A. Pluskowski, R. Banerjea, Guillermo García-Contreras","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2020.1857909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2020.1857909","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper introduces the theme of a special issue exploring the connections between castles (broadly defined as medieval fortified sites) and their landscapes, from archaeological and heritage perspectives. It includes a brief case study of how some of the castles in Occitanie, southern France, have been connected with their landscapes in the construction of Le Pays Cathare within the context of promoting regional tourism. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"20 1","pages":"89 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2020.1857909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43265409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2020.1861713
M. Bizri, Gaëtan Jouanin, Q. Borderie, Christophe Perrault, Sabrina Save, A. Vaughan-Williams
ABSTRACT Gien castle is a listed monument of French architectural heritage. Today it houses the National Museum of Hunting and its collection. Organised visits to the site have traditionally lacked any clear mention of the castle’s historical background. Recently, however, archaeological excavations and building analysis in 2011–2015 produced a wealth of new knowledge about the castle’s medieval origins and history, and about its relationship to its landscape. During the ninth and tenth centuries and then in the fifteenth century the castle occupied a strategically exceptional position reflecting the connection with its environment, notably the strong connection between the castle settlement and the River Loire. These new readings of Gien’s past landscapes diverge from the present-day identity of the castle as the ‘National Museum of Hunting’, and new connections need to be made.
{"title":"Connecting Gien Castle to its Landscape: Faunal, Environmental and Buildings Analyses (Loiret, France)","authors":"M. Bizri, Gaëtan Jouanin, Q. Borderie, Christophe Perrault, Sabrina Save, A. Vaughan-Williams","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2020.1861713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2020.1861713","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Gien castle is a listed monument of French architectural heritage. Today it houses the National Museum of Hunting and its collection. Organised visits to the site have traditionally lacked any clear mention of the castle’s historical background. Recently, however, archaeological excavations and building analysis in 2011–2015 produced a wealth of new knowledge about the castle’s medieval origins and history, and about its relationship to its landscape. During the ninth and tenth centuries and then in the fifteenth century the castle occupied a strategically exceptional position reflecting the connection with its environment, notably the strong connection between the castle settlement and the River Loire. These new readings of Gien’s past landscapes diverge from the present-day identity of the castle as the ‘National Museum of Hunting’, and new connections need to be made.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"20 1","pages":"120 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2020.1861713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41486385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2020.1861720
Q. Borderie, V. Acheré, T. Lecroère, Olivier Labat, F. Capron, Anaïs Pinhède, A. Louis, Michel Douard
ABSTRACT In the north of France, fortified towns and their castles have made a strong environmental impact since the eleventh century or earlier. This paper describes recent research that has begun to analyse the environmental impact of fortified towns during the medieval period, specifically between the eighth and the sixteenth centuries. The focus is on the place of fortifications within the townscape and the link between town and country, particularly through various forms of artificialisation – human modification – of the hydrological system. The case study area south-west of Paris, containing 33 medieval defended towns, was the location of conflicts on the borders of the French royal domain during this period. In many towns, defensive walls and moats can still be seen, and good preservation of the town plan and limited urban development since the nineteenth century has enabled environmental data to be obtained from ditches and rivers, while historical maps, excavations and archival studies, supported by some geophysical survey, has facilitated more detailed analyses.
{"title":"Castles in Townscapes: Studying Fortified Medieval Towns and their Environments in Eure-et-Loir (France)","authors":"Q. Borderie, V. Acheré, T. Lecroère, Olivier Labat, F. Capron, Anaïs Pinhède, A. Louis, Michel Douard","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2020.1861720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2020.1861720","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the north of France, fortified towns and their castles have made a strong environmental impact since the eleventh century or earlier. This paper describes recent research that has begun to analyse the environmental impact of fortified towns during the medieval period, specifically between the eighth and the sixteenth centuries. The focus is on the place of fortifications within the townscape and the link between town and country, particularly through various forms of artificialisation – human modification – of the hydrological system. The case study area south-west of Paris, containing 33 medieval defended towns, was the location of conflicts on the borders of the French royal domain during this period. In many towns, defensive walls and moats can still be seen, and good preservation of the town plan and limited urban development since the nineteenth century has enabled environmental data to be obtained from ditches and rivers, while historical maps, excavations and archival studies, supported by some geophysical survey, has facilitated more detailed analyses.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"20 1","pages":"139 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2020.1861720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59947663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2020.1861725
Sarah Kerr
ABSTRACT This paper discusses ways to reconnect late medieval castles in Ireland with their wider cultural landscapes in the present day as well as in the past. It approaches landscapes in the widest possible terms, not only the physical landscapes in which a castle was built, but the social landscape of the medieval period, the succeeding cultural and literary landscapes, and the social landscape to which it may belong today. The paper focuses on a late medieval tower house called Dún an Óir with the aim of capturing a fuller understanding of the place in the past and the present. Dún an Óir is a place at risk, on the edge of Ireland, on the brink of the West Cork cliffs and thus at the mercy of the increasingly frequent Atlantic storms, surges and high winds. As well as using familiar archaeological methods, as far as they are feasible at this site, the research described in this paper embraces sources sometimes overlooked as of secondary value, such as placename evidence and contemporary local accounts.
{"title":"Reconnecting Cultural Landscapes: Dún an Óir, West Cork, Ireland","authors":"Sarah Kerr","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2020.1861725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2020.1861725","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper discusses ways to reconnect late medieval castles in Ireland with their wider cultural landscapes in the present day as well as in the past. It approaches landscapes in the widest possible terms, not only the physical landscapes in which a castle was built, but the social landscape of the medieval period, the succeeding cultural and literary landscapes, and the social landscape to which it may belong today. The paper focuses on a late medieval tower house called Dún an Óir with the aim of capturing a fuller understanding of the place in the past and the present. Dún an Óir is a place at risk, on the edge of Ireland, on the brink of the West Cork cliffs and thus at the mercy of the increasingly frequent Atlantic storms, surges and high winds. As well as using familiar archaeological methods, as far as they are feasible at this site, the research described in this paper embraces sources sometimes overlooked as of secondary value, such as placename evidence and contemporary local accounts.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"20 1","pages":"160 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2020.1861725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45368157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2020.1827711
Sam Turner
This splendid book contributes a series of valuable chapters which combine to provide a new starting point for the study of a neglected topic: farming and land-use in medieval Wales. As the editors...
{"title":"Living Off the Land: Agriculture in Wales c. 400–1600 AD","authors":"Sam Turner","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2020.1827711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2020.1827711","url":null,"abstract":"This splendid book contributes a series of valuable chapters which combine to provide a new starting point for the study of a neglected topic: farming and land-use in medieval Wales. As the editors...","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"20 1","pages":"85 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2020.1827711","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43538227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2020.1800272
P. Graves-Brown, J. Schofield
ABSTRACT In a world of acceleration and consumption, where the small screen often has greater appeal than the real world, society is becoming increasingly detached from the landscape and the places within it. Yet ‘modernity is society on the move’, and in an increasingly mobile world, travel provides new opportunities for distinct types of encounter. Based on the pace, rhythms and rituals of each, this paper examines how different modes of transport afford distinct opportunities for travellers to see and read the landscape and to better understand the processes of change that have shaped what we see today. In this paper we explore these distinct opportunities, presenting the idea of travel as a methodology that affords unique and significant ways of documenting and understanding landscape, and in particular its character and its dynamism.
{"title":"Encountering Landscape: Travel as Method","authors":"P. Graves-Brown, J. Schofield","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2020.1800272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2020.1800272","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In a world of acceleration and consumption, where the small screen often has greater appeal than the real world, society is becoming increasingly detached from the landscape and the places within it. Yet ‘modernity is society on the move’, and in an increasingly mobile world, travel provides new opportunities for distinct types of encounter. Based on the pace, rhythms and rituals of each, this paper examines how different modes of transport afford distinct opportunities for travellers to see and read the landscape and to better understand the processes of change that have shaped what we see today. In this paper we explore these distinct opportunities, presenting the idea of travel as a methodology that affords unique and significant ways of documenting and understanding landscape, and in particular its character and its dynamism.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"20 1","pages":"61 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2020.1800272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44672762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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