Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2022.2212478
Tom Cox
ABSTRACT The relationship between sites of Early-Anglo-Saxon activity and territorial boundaries, once much-debated, has been subject to little direct exploration in recent years despite its significance for landscape history. This article examines this important relationship using data from the Suffolk Historic Environment Record and the Portable Antiquities Scheme. It is suggested that the association between deserted settlement sites and parish boundaries has a much longer pedigree than is often suggested, persisting through the Norman Conquest and beyond. It is argued the origins of this relationship can be usefully understood in terms of territorial reorganisation following settlement abandonment.
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Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2022.2176475
Margherita Riso, M. Randazzo, Andrea E.L. Arena
ABSTRACT Archaeological research conducted in Sicily is increasingly turning to the study of the Medieval settled landscape and its road networks. However, the study of Late Roman/Early Medieval rural churches, and how they fit and figure in the landscape, remains a theme underdeveloped in comparison with other Mediterranean islands, where the theory of ‘landmark churches’ has been forged through the combination of archaeological, environmental, and spatial analyses. This study aims to apply a similar approach to Sicily, using the newly discovered church of San Nicola and its surrounding settled landscape as a case-study. It will be argued that this monument functioned as a physical and likely symbolic landmark in this wider settled landscape, acting as a means of orientation along the roads of the island interior, and influencing settlement patterns in specific historical periods of rural settlement growth and/or crisis.
{"title":"Churches at a Crossroads: Assessing a Rural Sacred Landmark in Central Sicily (Sixth to Twelfth Centuries AD)","authors":"Margherita Riso, M. Randazzo, Andrea E.L. Arena","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2022.2176475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2022.2176475","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Archaeological research conducted in Sicily is increasingly turning to the study of the Medieval settled landscape and its road networks. However, the study of Late Roman/Early Medieval rural churches, and how they fit and figure in the landscape, remains a theme underdeveloped in comparison with other Mediterranean islands, where the theory of ‘landmark churches’ has been forged through the combination of archaeological, environmental, and spatial analyses. This study aims to apply a similar approach to Sicily, using the newly discovered church of San Nicola and its surrounding settled landscape as a case-study. It will be argued that this monument functioned as a physical and likely symbolic landmark in this wider settled landscape, acting as a means of orientation along the roads of the island interior, and influencing settlement patterns in specific historical periods of rural settlement growth and/or crisis.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42703823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2023.2176995
P. Stamper
Schaich and colleagues at Freiburg establishes the importance of holes in old beech, spruce and Scots pines as nesting sites and places ‘for hiding during the night’ for the Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius). Larger holes are used by the Stock Dove (Columba oenas) (p. 180). The value of the category ‘ancient woodland’ in Turkey is effectively examined in a chapter by Simay Kirca and colleagues who use as case studies ancient woods of box (Buxus sempervirens) and yew (Taxus baccata). Further valuable chapters explore the biodiversity of oaks in Turkey, and the cultural values of ancient black pines (Pinus nigra) on Sandras Mountain. Melvyn Jones explores the many different ways in which coppice woods were protected from grazing and theft, by walls, woodbanks and woodwards in South Yorkshire and North Derbyshire, while Christine Handley and Ian Rotherham provide a detailed history of the links between the tanning industry and woodland management. Elisabeth Johann’s wide-ranging chapter on the diversity of ancient woodlands in Austria includes assessments of a remarkable nineteenth-century drawing of branch litter harvesting (p. 220) and a 1518 document concerning the designation of Rannachwald as a protection forest to reduce the risk of avalanches. Frans Vera in a characteristically thorough chapter draws out the value of wood pasture for food, wood and biodiversity. He provides detailed assessments of the feeding strategies of wild and domesticated ungulates, and the significance of the different ways in which blackthorn and hawthorn spread in pastures. He also uses the work of J. Bossema and others to explore the complex interactions between jays, wood mice and acorns and the implications for the spread of oak trees and ‘the phenomenon of oaks seeming to grow entwined with hawthorn in wood-pasture’ (p. 247). Vera provides a thoughtful critique of the use of the term ‘natural regeneration’ in forestry (p. 250) and argues that ‘in the classic forestry literature wood-pastures are considered to be degraded closed-canopy forests... instead of a well-functioning ecosystem driven by large ungulates’ (p. 258). This important book makes an original contribution to debates about tree and woodland conservation. There is something here for everyone interested in landscape and woodland history and conservation. The book is very attractively produced, and the many colour illustrations, maps and photographs help the authors to strengthen their arguments. The editors and authors are to be congratulated on producing such a valuable and significant text. Indeed, the value of the book is greater than the sum of its parts and it provides a splendid illustration of the ability of edited books to characterise a research area and stimulate further research.
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Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2022.2228560
Charles F. Watkins
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Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2023.2219082
D. Wright, Sam Bromage, M. Shapland, P. Everson, D. Stocker
ABSTRACT Towards the end of the first millennium, a fundamental change in the fabric of Western European elite society occurred as families began to promote themselves not on the basis of kin-groups but of their personal wealth. Key to self-aggrandisement was the ownership of local power centres, into which aristocrats poured investment. In England, few of these magnate cores have been investigated archaeologically, and understanding relies on a small corpus of well-excavated sites. Eager to shift this dependence on excavated evidence, research at Laughton en le Morthen, South Yorkshire used a range of methods to reveal the origins of an aristocratic centre, and its transformation in the wake of the Norman Conquest. This included construction of a motte and bailey castle that was perhaps never used for military purposes, but was instead curated as a folly-type feature expressive of new lordly power. The results from Laughton not only allow the evolution of the site and its landscape to be mapped, but also shows the value of adopting diverse archaeological research methodologies for understanding medieval magnate cores.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2022.2095128
Alistair Oswald
The state of hillfort studies in the British Isles, as evidenced by the second edition of Beacons in the Landscape: The Hillforts of England, Wales and the Isle of Man, by Ian Brown, Windgather Press, 2021, 355 pp., 94 illustrations, £39.95 (paperback), ISBN 9781-91118-875-9 and Atlas of the Hillforts of Britain and Ireland, by Gary Lock and Ian Ralston, Edinburgh University Press, 2022, 496 pp., 159 illustrations, 76 tables, £150 (hardback), ISBN 978 1 4744 4712 6 (webready PDF), ISBN 978 1 4744 4714 0 (epub), ISBN 978 1 4744 4715 7.
伊恩·布朗（Ian Brown）的《景观中的信标：英格兰、威尔士和马恩岛的山丘》（The Hillforts of England，Wales and Man Isle）第二版就证明了不列颠群岛的山丘状态研究，Windgather出版社，2021年，355页，94幅插图，39.95英镑（平装本），ISBN 9781-91118-875-9和《不列颠及爱尔兰山丘地图集》，加里·洛克（Gary Lock）和伊恩·拉尔斯顿（Ian Ralston），爱丁堡大学出版社，2022年，496页。159插图，76张表格，150英镑（硬背），ISBN 978 1 4744 4712 6（网络就绪PDF），ISBN 978 1 4744 4714 0（epub），ISBN 978 1 4744 4715 7。
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An examination of how farming expertise could be shared and extended, over four centuries.
四个世纪以来，关于农业专业知识如何分享和推广的研究。
{"title":"Agricultural Knowledge Networks in Rural Europe, 1700-2000","authors":"A. Tindley","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv24tr803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv24tr803","url":null,"abstract":"An examination of how farming expertise could be shared and extended, over four centuries.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46902146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2022.2085405
Akaitab Mukherjee
ABSTRACT This essay analyses the portrayal of ‘dwelling’ in a collection of poems written in the 1930s by the twentieth-century Bengali modernist poet Jibanananda Das (1899–1954). Das originally planned to publish them under the title ‘Banglar Trasta Nilima’ (‘Bengal’s Shaken Sky’) but instead they published posthumously in 1957 as Rupasi Bangla (‘Bengal the Beautiful’). The essay argues, referring to the ideas of J. Scott Bryson and Jonathan Bate, that Das’s poems in this volume can be seen as ecopoetry, even though long pre-dating the coining of that term, and analyses their representation of dwelling and of human life and nature. To explicate the poet’s idea of dwelling, the essay examines the poet’s antipathy towards the city and his portrayal of the pastoral. It also argues that the poet’s idea of dwelling has similarity with the philosophy of deep ecology. Finally, following Lawrence Buell, the essay evaluates Das’s ecocritical perspective and cites the environmental philosophy of Arne Naess to justify Das’s environmental consciousness in these ecopoems.
本文分析了二十世纪孟加拉现代主义诗人吉巴纳南达·达斯(Jibanananda Das, 1899-1954)在20世纪30年代创作的诗集中对“居住”的描述。达斯最初计划以“孟加拉的摇晃的天空”(Banglar Trasta Nilima)的标题出版它们，但他们在1957年去世后以“美丽的孟加拉”(Rupasi Bangla)出版。这篇文章认为，参考J. Scott Bryson和Jonathan Bate的观点，达斯在本卷中的诗歌可以被视为生态诗歌，尽管早在该术语出现之前，并分析了它们对居住、人类生活和自然的表现。为了阐明诗人的居住观念，本文考察了诗人对城市的反感和他对田园生活的描绘。并认为诗人的栖居观与深层生态哲学有相似之处。最后，本文继劳伦斯·布尔之后，评价了达斯的生态批评观点，并引用了阿恩·奈斯的环境哲学来证明达斯在这些生态诗中的环境意识。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2022.2123589
D. Wright
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