Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/20800909el.21.006.13364
Touraj Daryaee
This paper discusses the idea of Armenian and Iranian identity in 3rd century CE. It is proposed that the bordering region of the Armeno-Iranian world, such as that of the Siwnik‘ and its house saw matters very differently from that of the Armenian kingdom. The Sasanians in return had a vastly different view of Armenia and Georgia as political entities, and used their differences to the benefit of their empire.
{"title":"Armenia and Iran: The Birth of Two Nations in Late Antiquity","authors":"Touraj Daryaee","doi":"10.4467/20800909el.21.006.13364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.21.006.13364","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the idea of Armenian and Iranian identity in 3rd century CE. It is proposed that the bordering region of the Armeno-Iranian world, such as that of the Siwnik‘ and its house saw matters very differently from that of the Armenian kingdom. The Sasanians in return had a vastly different view of Armenia and Georgia as political entities, and used their differences to the benefit of their empire.","PeriodicalId":38045,"journal":{"name":"Electrum","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70980193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/20800909el.21.015.13373
Lara Fabian
The early relationships between the polities of Armenia and K‘art‘li in the South Caucasus and their neighbours in the North Caucasus is a central, but underappreciated, factor in the development of the South Caucasus’ social and political world in the Hellenistic period. Typically, only military aspects of these interactions are considered (e.g., Alan raids and control thereof). Hazy evidence of cross-Caucasus marriage alliances preserved in both the Armenian and Georgian historiographic traditions, however, hints at a far wider sphere of interaction, despite the inherent challenges in gleaning historical reality from these medieval accounts. This paper contextualizes two stories of cross-Caucasus marriage related to foundational dynastic figures in the Armenian and Georgian traditions, Artašēs and P‘arnavaz respectively, within a wider body of evidence for and thought about North-South Caucasus interaction. Taken as a whole, this consideration argues that North-South relationships should be seen as integral to the political development of the South Caucasus.
在希腊化时期，南高加索地区的亚美尼亚和K ' art ' li政体与他们在北高加索的邻居之间的早期关系是南高加索地区社会和政治世界发展的一个核心因素，但却没有得到充分的重视。通常情况下，我们只会考虑这些互动的军事层面(游戏邦注:例如，Alan突袭及其控制)。然而，在亚美尼亚和格鲁吉亚的史学传统中都保留了跨高加索婚姻联盟的模糊证据，这暗示了一个更广泛的互动领域，尽管从这些中世纪的记载中收集历史现实存在固有的挑战。本文将两个跨高加索婚姻的故事背景化，分别与亚美尼亚和格鲁吉亚传统中的基础王朝人物Artašēs和P 'arnavaz有关，在更广泛的证据和对南北高加索互动的思考中。总的来说，这一考虑认为，南北关系应被视为南高加索政治发展的组成部分。
{"title":"Bridging the Divide: Marriage Politics across the Caucasus","authors":"Lara Fabian","doi":"10.4467/20800909el.21.015.13373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.21.015.13373","url":null,"abstract":"The early relationships between the polities of Armenia and K‘art‘li in the South Caucasus and their neighbours in the North Caucasus is a central, but underappreciated, factor in the development of the South Caucasus’ social and political world in the Hellenistic period. Typically, only military aspects of these interactions are considered (e.g., Alan raids and control thereof). Hazy evidence of cross-Caucasus marriage alliances preserved in both the Armenian and Georgian historiographic traditions, however, hints at a far wider sphere of interaction, despite the inherent challenges in gleaning historical reality from these medieval accounts. This paper contextualizes two stories of cross-Caucasus marriage related to foundational dynastic figures in the Armenian and Georgian traditions, Artašēs and P‘arnavaz respectively, within a wider body of evidence for and thought about North-South Caucasus interaction. Taken as a whole, this consideration argues that North-South relationships should be seen as integral to the political development of the South Caucasus.","PeriodicalId":38045,"journal":{"name":"Electrum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70980803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/20800909el.21.009.13367
Anahide Kéfélian
Ancient Armenian sources are very scarce and do not permit a thorough understanding of Ancient Armenia. For this reason, all available sources relevant to Armenia need to be considered and studied. This is notably the case for Roman Coinage, where issues related to Armenia were struck over the course of 200 years. This paper examines how Roman coinage is able to influence our understanding of Roman, Armenian and Parthian relationships. The study begins with the analysis of the monetary iconography of Armenia and Armenians on Roman coinage through their attributes and postures. Following the first part, the study questions the Roman coinage as a source of ideological representations of the events. Indeed, the issues do not reflect the intricate relationships of the Romans, Armenians and Parthians, but rather highlight Roman victories and the image of the Emperor. Despite this Roman prism, the last part of the article shows that it is possible to use the coinage as a source for Roman, Armenian and Parthian reationship studies.
{"title":"Armenia and Armenians in Roman Numismatics","authors":"Anahide Kéfélian","doi":"10.4467/20800909el.21.009.13367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.21.009.13367","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient Armenian sources are very scarce and do not permit a thorough understanding of Ancient Armenia. For this reason, all available sources relevant to Armenia need to be considered and studied. This is notably the case for Roman Coinage, where issues related to Armenia were struck over the course of 200 years. This paper examines how Roman coinage is able to influence our understanding of Roman, Armenian and Parthian relationships. The study begins with the analysis of the monetary iconography of Armenia and Armenians on Roman coinage through their attributes and postures. Following the first part, the study questions the Roman coinage as a source of ideological representations of the events. Indeed, the issues do not reflect the intricate relationships of the Romans, Armenians and Parthians, but rather highlight Roman victories and the image of the Emperor. Despite this Roman prism, the last part of the article shows that it is possible to use the coinage as a source for Roman, Armenian and Parthian reationship studies.","PeriodicalId":38045,"journal":{"name":"Electrum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70980258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/20800909el.21.003.13361
G. Traina
The history of the kingdom of Greater Armenia (after 188 BCE–428 CE) has been generally interpreted from two different standpoints, an ‘inner’ and an ‘outer’ one. Greater Armenia as a marginal entity or a sidekick of Rome during the endless war with Iran, and even Iranian scholars neglected or diminished the role of Armenia in the balance of power. This paper discussed some methodological issues.
{"title":"Ancient Armenia: Evidence and Models","authors":"G. Traina","doi":"10.4467/20800909el.21.003.13361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.21.003.13361","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the kingdom of Greater Armenia (after 188 BCE–428 CE) has been generally interpreted from two different standpoints, an ‘inner’ and an ‘outer’ one. Greater Armenia as a marginal entity or a sidekick of Rome during the endless war with Iran, and even Iranian scholars neglected or diminished the role of Armenia in the balance of power. This paper discussed some methodological issues.","PeriodicalId":38045,"journal":{"name":"Electrum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70980126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/20800909el.21.012.13370
Hamlet Petrosyan
Tigranakert in Artsakh was founded at the end of 90s BC by the Armenian King Tigranes II the Great (95–55 BC) and in the Early Christian period continued to play a role of an important military-administrative and religious center. As аresult of excavations the Early Christian square of the Central district with two churches, remains of a monumental stela witha cross, as well as an Early Christian underground reliquary and a graveyard were unearthed. The sepulchre-reliquary was opened under the floor of the small church of early Christian Square. It has only the eastern entrance. As had been shown by further excavations Saint Grigoris’s sepulchre-reliquary in Amaras also had an eastern entrance. Saint Stephanos’s reliquary in Vachar also has only an eastern entrance. All these three structures are dated from 5th–6th centuries. In early Christian East the only tomb that had an only eastern entrance is Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Analysis of the data on Vachagan the Pious (end of 5th–early 6th centuries), king of Albania (which included since the middle of 5th century the eastern provinces of Greater Armenia – Artsakh and Utik), allows us to conclude that at the end of the 5th century the king initiated theecclesiastical reform, trying to link the origin of the Albanian church to Jerusalem. One ofthe manifestations of this reform was the creation of the legend of the Apostle Yeghisha arriving to Albania from Jerusalem. Comparative analysis of archaeological, architectural and written data leads to the conclusion that all three tombs with the single east entrance are the result of the reformist activity of Vachagan, and the idea of single eastern entrance, most likely, was taken from the tomb of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. A new approach to the localizations of Early Christian sanctuaries in and near Tigranakert allows to compare this sacred area with early Christian sacred topography of Jerusalem.
{"title":"Politics, Ideology and Landscape: Early Christian Tigranakert in Artsakh","authors":"Hamlet Petrosyan","doi":"10.4467/20800909el.21.012.13370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.21.012.13370","url":null,"abstract":"Tigranakert in Artsakh was founded at the end of 90s BC by the Armenian King Tigranes II the Great (95–55 BC) and in the Early Christian period continued to play a role of an important military-administrative and religious center. As аresult of excavations the Early Christian square of the Central district with two churches, remains of a monumental stela witha cross, as well as an Early Christian underground reliquary and a graveyard were unearthed. The sepulchre-reliquary was opened under the floor of the small church of early Christian Square. It has only the eastern entrance. As had been shown by further excavations Saint Grigoris’s sepulchre-reliquary in Amaras also had an eastern entrance. Saint Stephanos’s reliquary in Vachar also has only an eastern entrance. All these three structures are dated from 5th–6th centuries. In early Christian East the only tomb that had an only eastern entrance is Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. Analysis of the data on Vachagan the Pious (end of 5th–early 6th centuries), king of Albania (which included since the middle of 5th century the eastern provinces of Greater Armenia – Artsakh and Utik), allows us to conclude that at the end of the 5th century the king initiated theecclesiastical reform, trying to link the origin of the Albanian church to Jerusalem. One ofthe manifestations of this reform was the creation of the legend of the Apostle Yeghisha arriving to Albania from Jerusalem. Comparative analysis of archaeological, architectural and written data leads to the conclusion that all three tombs with the single east entrance are the result of the reformist activity of Vachagan, and the idea of single eastern entrance, most likely, was taken from the tomb of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. A new approach to the localizations of Early Christian sanctuaries in and near Tigranakert allows to compare this sacred area with early Christian sacred topography of Jerusalem.","PeriodicalId":38045,"journal":{"name":"Electrum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70980627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/20800909el.21.004.13362
K. Geus
Ptolemyʾs Geographike Hyphegesis (Introduction to Geography) (ca. AD 150) consists of a huge and invaluable stock of topographical information. More than 6,000 toponyms are even defined by coordinates. Nevertheless, Ptolemyʾs cities are often misplaced or pop up more than once in his maps. This is especially true with his confusing description of Armenia (geogr. 5.13), which caused a modern scholar to call it a ‘parody’ of his work and method. This paper aims at clarifying the basic error in all of Ptolemyʾs coordinates and proposes some explanations and corrections for his Armenian toponyms.
{"title":"Armenia in Ptolemy’s Geography (ca. AD 150): A “Parody” of His Work? Some Corrections and Suggestions","authors":"K. Geus","doi":"10.4467/20800909el.21.004.13362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.21.004.13362","url":null,"abstract":"Ptolemyʾs Geographike Hyphegesis (Introduction to Geography) (ca. AD 150) consists of a huge and invaluable stock of topographical information. More than 6,000 toponyms are even defined by coordinates. Nevertheless, Ptolemyʾs cities are often misplaced or pop up more than once in his maps. This is especially true with his confusing description of Armenia (geogr. 5.13), which caused a modern scholar to call it a ‘parody’ of his work and method. This paper aims at clarifying the basic error in all of Ptolemyʾs coordinates and proposes some explanations and corrections for his Armenian toponyms.","PeriodicalId":38045,"journal":{"name":"Electrum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70980179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/20800909el.21.008.13366
P. Buongiorno
Even with the Principate, the Senate kept a major role in Rome’s diplomatic relations with Armenia. This paper will examine the extant evidence of the senatorial decrees, paying a special attention to the decrees dating to the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius. These decrees can be reconstructed analysing some relevant epigraphic texts (the Res Gestae divi Augusti, the Senatus consultum de Cn. Pisone patre, the Senatus consultum de honoribus Germanico decernendis) and a source of absolute importance as the Annales of Tacitus.
即使是元首制，元老院在罗马与亚美尼亚的外交关系中仍然扮演着重要的角色。本文将考察现存的元老院法令的证据，特别关注奥古斯都和提比略统治时期的法令。这些法令可以通过分析一些相关的铭文(the Res Gestae divi Augusti, the Senatus consultum de Cn)来重建。Pisone patre, Senatus consultum de honoribus Germanico decernendis)和绝对重要的塔西佗编年史。
{"title":"The Roman Senate and Armenia (190 BC–AD 68)","authors":"P. Buongiorno","doi":"10.4467/20800909el.21.008.13366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.21.008.13366","url":null,"abstract":"Even with the Principate, the Senate kept a major role in Rome’s diplomatic relations with Armenia. This paper will examine the extant evidence of the senatorial decrees, paying a special attention to the decrees dating to the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius. These decrees can be reconstructed analysing some relevant epigraphic texts (the Res Gestae divi Augusti, the Senatus consultum de Cn. Pisone patre, the Senatus consultum de honoribus Germanico decernendis) and a source of absolute importance as the Annales of Tacitus.","PeriodicalId":38045,"journal":{"name":"Electrum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70980250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/20800909el.21.020.13378
E. Dąbrowa
{"title":"Pierangelo Buongiorno (ed.), Senatus consultum ultimum e stato di eccezione. Fenomeni in prospettiva, (Acta Senatus, ser. B,vol. 8), Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2020, 195 pp.; ISBN 978-3-515-12647-2","authors":"E. Dąbrowa","doi":"10.4467/20800909el.21.020.13378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.21.020.13378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38045,"journal":{"name":"Electrum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70980677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4467/20800909el.21.013.13371
Timo Stickler
Das Ziel der Aufsätze in diesem Sammelband ist es, die Kontexte aufzuzeigen, innerhalb derer sich die Geschichte (Groß-)Armeniens in den Jahrhunderten vor und nach Christus entfaltet hat. Es handelt sich um geographische, politische und kulturelle Kontexte. Der folgende Beitrag unternimmt es hierbei, den Blick auf die Beziehungen zwischen Armenien und dem Königreich Iberien (Kʽartʽli) zu richten. Iberien, gelegen zwischen Kolchis und Albanien, war die mittlere der drei antiken südkaukasischen Landschaften, die sich nördlich von Armenien zwischen dem Schwarzen und dem Kaspischen Meer erstreckten. Heute befinden sich hier die Staaten Georgien und Aserbaidschan. In meinem Aufsatz richte ich den Fokus auf die wechselseitigen politischen Bezüge zwischen Armenien und Iberien in der Zeit der späten römischen Republik und der Kaiserzeit (1. Jh. v. Chr. bis 3. Jh. n. Chr.). Es geht mir insbesondere darum, auf Grundlage der griechisch-römischen, der iranischen und der kaukasischen (armenischen, georgischen) Quellen strukturelle Gemeinsamkeiten herauszuarbeiten, die unsere Überlieferung insgesamt kennzeichnen.
{"title":"Armenien und Iberien zwischen Rom und Iran: wechselseitige Bezüge, parallele Entwicklungen","authors":"Timo Stickler","doi":"10.4467/20800909el.21.013.13371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.21.013.13371","url":null,"abstract":"Das Ziel der Aufsätze in diesem Sammelband ist es, die Kontexte aufzuzeigen, innerhalb derer sich die Geschichte (Groß-)Armeniens in den Jahrhunderten vor und nach Christus entfaltet hat. Es handelt sich um geographische, politische und kulturelle Kontexte. Der folgende Beitrag unternimmt es hierbei, den Blick auf die Beziehungen zwischen Armenien und dem Königreich Iberien (Kʽartʽli) zu richten. Iberien, gelegen zwischen Kolchis und Albanien, war die mittlere der drei antiken südkaukasischen Landschaften, die sich nördlich von Armenien zwischen dem Schwarzen und dem Kaspischen Meer erstreckten. Heute befinden sich hier die Staaten Georgien und Aserbaidschan. In meinem Aufsatz richte ich den Fokus auf die wechselseitigen politischen Bezüge zwischen Armenien und Iberien in der Zeit der späten römischen Republik und der Kaiserzeit (1. Jh. v. Chr. bis 3. Jh. n. Chr.). Es geht mir insbesondere darum, auf Grundlage der griechisch-römischen, der iranischen und der kaukasischen (armenischen, georgischen) Quellen strukturelle Gemeinsamkeiten herauszuarbeiten, die unsere Überlieferung insgesamt kennzeichnen.","PeriodicalId":38045,"journal":{"name":"Electrum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70980695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：