W. Pan, Jing Zhang, Hairong Chen, Yong Chang, Chao Wang
The proposed voltage source converter is composed of a series double bridge converter with an auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit injects DC voltage via the mid point of the double bridge converter. The injection ratio and frequency are chosen to convert the standard 12-pulse into 60-pulse configuration without PWM or increasing the number of bridges, thus the voltage and current harmonic can fulfill the THD limit without conventional filter. The converter is operated under fundamental frequency for the main bridges, thus its switching lose is low. The converter can be widely used in the STATCOM and HVDC system. The paper describes the principles and control strategies of the proposed converter. The operational feasibility of the proposed converter is verified by computer simulation using the PSCAD/EMTDC package.
{"title":"Novel Configuration of 60-pulse Voltage Source Converter","authors":"W. Pan, Jing Zhang, Hairong Chen, Yong Chang, Chao Wang","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385943","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed voltage source converter is composed of a series double bridge converter with an auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit injects DC voltage via the mid point of the double bridge converter. The injection ratio and frequency are chosen to convert the standard 12-pulse into 60-pulse configuration without PWM or increasing the number of bridges, thus the voltage and current harmonic can fulfill the THD limit without conventional filter. The converter is operated under fundamental frequency for the main bridges, thus its switching lose is low. The converter can be widely used in the STATCOM and HVDC system. The paper describes the principles and control strategies of the proposed converter. The operational feasibility of the proposed converter is verified by computer simulation using the PSCAD/EMTDC package.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122222940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrical energy is transmitted from supply-side equipment to end-use equipment almost instantaneously and in accordance with physical laws. This is facilitated by the deployment of ancillary services that maintain the availability and quality of the electricity being supplied, thereby reducing the likelihood of an expensive supply interruption. Ancillary services play an important role in restructured electricity industries because they enable the commercial transactions of an electricity spot market to be implemented. In order to establish competitive arrangements for the sourcing, pricing, deployment and cost- recovery of ancillary services, issues including the formal specification of the services, the design of commercial decision-making mechanisms and the implementation of interfaces between commercial and technical processes must be addressed. This paper describes how these issues are addressed in the Australian national electricity market, reviews the outcomes to date and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the arrangements.
{"title":"Experience with Market-Based Ancillary Services in the Australian National Electricity Market","authors":"S. Thorncraft, H. Outhred","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385855","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical energy is transmitted from supply-side equipment to end-use equipment almost instantaneously and in accordance with physical laws. This is facilitated by the deployment of ancillary services that maintain the availability and quality of the electricity being supplied, thereby reducing the likelihood of an expensive supply interruption. Ancillary services play an important role in restructured electricity industries because they enable the commercial transactions of an electricity spot market to be implemented. In order to establish competitive arrangements for the sourcing, pricing, deployment and cost- recovery of ancillary services, issues including the formal specification of the services, the design of commercial decision-making mechanisms and the implementation of interfaces between commercial and technical processes must be addressed. This paper describes how these issues are addressed in the Australian national electricity market, reviews the outcomes to date and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the arrangements.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115785677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a new scheme to distinguish the internal fault or the external fault based on phaselet algorithm. For the generator ratio restraint differential protection, the restraint current is decreased owing to CT saturation caused by the external fault, which always results in the maloperation. In order to enhance the operating characteristic of the protection, generator differential protection will select different restraint currents according to the different fault current characteristics. According to that, the method for choosing the corresponding restraint currents is then introduced. The simulation results show that the scheme can effectively prevent the generator differential protection from maloperation caused by CT saturation, and availably enhance the sensitivity of the differential protection during the internal fault.
{"title":"A Novel Differential Protection Scheme for the Generator","authors":"Zhu Jiajie, T. Nengling, Cheng Chen","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385535","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new scheme to distinguish the internal fault or the external fault based on phaselet algorithm. For the generator ratio restraint differential protection, the restraint current is decreased owing to CT saturation caused by the external fault, which always results in the maloperation. In order to enhance the operating characteristic of the protection, generator differential protection will select different restraint currents according to the different fault current characteristics. According to that, the method for choosing the corresponding restraint currents is then introduced. The simulation results show that the scheme can effectively prevent the generator differential protection from maloperation caused by CT saturation, and availably enhance the sensitivity of the differential protection during the internal fault.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115792458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of television viewing (and other electronic loads) on the utility grid harmonic distortion is considered. Reference is made to the Italian distribution networks during the final days of the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany. Such sport events have a great popularity in Italy and the ability of polarizing the attention of a large percentage of population that participate to the events viewing television. Laboratory tests and modeling considerations on power supply units for TV sets are developed. Numerous field measurements performed in a LV network supplying a residential area according to the IEC guidelines are reported and analyzed.
{"title":"Harmonic Pollution in Italian Distribution Networks in Coincidence with Important Sport Events","authors":"A. Testa, R. Langella","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.386138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.386138","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of television viewing (and other electronic loads) on the utility grid harmonic distortion is considered. Reference is made to the Italian distribution networks during the final days of the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany. Such sport events have a great popularity in Italy and the ability of polarizing the attention of a large percentage of population that participate to the events viewing television. Laboratory tests and modeling considerations on power supply units for TV sets are developed. Numerous field measurements performed in a LV network supplying a residential area according to the IEC guidelines are reported and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132029548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Distributed resources can provide power to local loads in the electric distribution system as well as benefits such as improved reliability. Microgrids are intentional islands formed at a facility or in an electrical distribution system that contain at least one distributed resource and associated loads. Microgrids that operate both electrical generation and loads in a coordinated manner can offer additional benefits to the customer and local utility. The loads and energy sources can be disconnected from and reconnected to the area or local utility with minimal disruption to the local loads, thereby improving reliability. This paper describes research being conducted in microgrid standards, technologies, and applications to allow successful implementation of this concept.
{"title":"Microgrid Standards and Technology Development","authors":"B. Kroposki, C. Pink, Thomas Basso, R. Deblasio","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.386053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.386053","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed resources can provide power to local loads in the electric distribution system as well as benefits such as improved reliability. Microgrids are intentional islands formed at a facility or in an electrical distribution system that contain at least one distributed resource and associated loads. Microgrids that operate both electrical generation and loads in a coordinated manner can offer additional benefits to the customer and local utility. The loads and energy sources can be disconnected from and reconnected to the area or local utility with minimal disruption to the local loads, thereby improving reliability. This paper describes research being conducted in microgrid standards, technologies, and applications to allow successful implementation of this concept.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132251170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the light of innovation in high voltage substation equipment and high voltage systems can be drawn in 3 ways: First, the changes in the world of users and operators of high voltage equipment directly influenced and still are influencing the innovations, products and solutions offered by Siemens. Deregulation of the energy market, globalization of business, cost awareness, profit orientation and future visions of users and operators of high voltage systems are driving the market. Second, technology and standards are continuously developed and drive the product performances and quality. New technologies are entering the market with digital communication systems, electronic devices and systems, upgraded switchgear and non-switching devices and new project services like with turnkey projects are bringing innovative solutions. Third, competition always is a key driver in the high voltage field. Deregulation on the user and operator side and globalization with open markets are the main influences of competition today and in the next future. In a competitive environment technical and service developments with new products and services will continuously improve the offered solutions.
{"title":"2020 Vision of the Substations","authors":"H. Koch","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.386297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.386297","url":null,"abstract":"In the light of innovation in high voltage substation equipment and high voltage systems can be drawn in 3 ways: First, the changes in the world of users and operators of high voltage equipment directly influenced and still are influencing the innovations, products and solutions offered by Siemens. Deregulation of the energy market, globalization of business, cost awareness, profit orientation and future visions of users and operators of high voltage systems are driving the market. Second, technology and standards are continuously developed and drive the product performances and quality. New technologies are entering the market with digital communication systems, electronic devices and systems, upgraded switchgear and non-switching devices and new project services like with turnkey projects are bringing innovative solutions. Third, competition always is a key driver in the high voltage field. Deregulation on the user and operator side and globalization with open markets are the main influences of competition today and in the next future. In a competitive environment technical and service developments with new products and services will continuously improve the offered solutions.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132311180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author presents a guide for determining the significance of primary governing frequency response (PGFR) to total interconnection reliability using examples from the North American interconnections. Primary governing frequency response assessments based on measurement methods, failure modes, risk contributors, total risk estimation, and sensitivities are presented. Methods to assure adequate primary governing frequency response are examined with respect to responsibility allocation, local measurement and standard implementation.
{"title":"Relating Primary Governing Frequency Response to Future Operating Reliability","authors":"H. Illian","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385568","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents a guide for determining the significance of primary governing frequency response (PGFR) to total interconnection reliability using examples from the North American interconnections. Primary governing frequency response assessments based on measurement methods, failure modes, risk contributors, total risk estimation, and sensitivities are presented. Methods to assure adequate primary governing frequency response are examined with respect to responsibility allocation, local measurement and standard implementation.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132371282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we propose a novel performance index and a multi-layered information structure for monitoring potential quasi-static voltage problems in electrical power systems. The proposed performance index is based on the sensitivity of the smallest singular value of the power flow Jacobian matrix with respect to the corresponding system load level. This performance index is computed at different levels of system aggregation/decomposition, which we define as a "multi- layered information structure". This information structure requires little or no information exchange among decomposed subsystems. Moreover, it can be seamlessly implemented in today's horizontally decomposed interconnections. Two multi- control-area systems are used to illustrate the proposed performance index and information structure.
{"title":"Novel Performance Index and Multi-layered Information Structure for Monitoring Quasi-static Voltage Problems","authors":"Le Xie, Jovan Ilic, Marija Ilic","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385630","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a novel performance index and a multi-layered information structure for monitoring potential quasi-static voltage problems in electrical power systems. The proposed performance index is based on the sensitivity of the smallest singular value of the power flow Jacobian matrix with respect to the corresponding system load level. This performance index is computed at different levels of system aggregation/decomposition, which we define as a \"multi- layered information structure\". This information structure requires little or no information exchange among decomposed subsystems. Moreover, it can be seamlessly implemented in today's horizontally decomposed interconnections. Two multi- control-area systems are used to illustrate the proposed performance index and information structure.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132374295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Component importance analysis plays an important role in system reliability theory. This paper proposes a novel measure of component importance for all-digital protection systems, which considers both the manufacturing cost and the failure cost. First, the function of manufacturing cost versus component failure rate is proposed, and the function of total cost versus system reliability for all-digital protection systems is derived. Second, the measure of importance considering cost with respect to component as well as component type is defined, and related calculation equations are derived. Afterwards, the component importance for a typical all-digital protection system is analyzed and discussed, which demonstrates the application value of the new measure of component importance. A conclusion about the benefits of the application principle and method of the new measure is given at the end.
{"title":"A Novel Measure of omponent Importance Considering Cost for All-Digital Protection Systems","authors":"Peichao Zhang, Chao Huo, M. Kezunovic","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385577","url":null,"abstract":"Component importance analysis plays an important role in system reliability theory. This paper proposes a novel measure of component importance for all-digital protection systems, which considers both the manufacturing cost and the failure cost. First, the function of manufacturing cost versus component failure rate is proposed, and the function of total cost versus system reliability for all-digital protection systems is derived. Second, the measure of importance considering cost with respect to component as well as component type is defined, and related calculation equations are derived. Afterwards, the component importance for a typical all-digital protection system is analyzed and discussed, which demonstrates the application value of the new measure of component importance. A conclusion about the benefits of the application principle and method of the new measure is given at the end.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130008046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a new method for the coordinated gain tuning of PSSs, considering multiple operating points. The partial pole placement through the tuning of stabilizer gains is formulated as a nonlinear least squares problem, whose solution is obtained by the Newton method. The original problem is divided into various subproblems that are solved sequentially, in a way that is similar to continuation methods. The residues for the monitored poles, associated with the transfer functions of the stabilizer control loops (DeltaVPSS/DeltaVREF), are assembled into a rectangular matrix at every step of the continuation-like process. Results for the coordinated gain tuning of 36 stabilizers, considering 11 operating conditions, are described for a model of the Brazilian South-Southeast system.
{"title":"Coordinated Stabilizer Tuning in Large Power Systems Considering Multiple Operating Conditions","authors":"J.C.R. Ferraz, N. Martins, G. Taranto","doi":"10.1109/PES.2007.385675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2007.385675","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new method for the coordinated gain tuning of PSSs, considering multiple operating points. The partial pole placement through the tuning of stabilizer gains is formulated as a nonlinear least squares problem, whose solution is obtained by the Newton method. The original problem is divided into various subproblems that are solved sequentially, in a way that is similar to continuation methods. The residues for the monitored poles, associated with the transfer functions of the stabilizer control loops (DeltaVPSS/DeltaVREF), are assembled into a rectangular matrix at every step of the continuation-like process. Results for the coordinated gain tuning of 36 stabilizers, considering 11 operating conditions, are described for a model of the Brazilian South-Southeast system.","PeriodicalId":380613,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130179578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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