MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)最新文献

Background: Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. Although this cancer is often diagnosed at early stages, the need for biomarkers of diagnosis remains a necessity to overcome conventional invasive procedures of diagnosis.

Objective: In our study, we aim to investigate the diagnostic value of microRNA-21 in endometrial cancer and its relation to clinicopathological features.

Methods: We used RT-qPCR to measure the expression of microRNA-21 in 71 tumor tissues, 53 adjacent tissues, and 54 benign lesions.

Results: Our results show that microRNA-21 is a potential biomarker for endometrial cancer with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.925 (95% CI = 0.863 - 0.964, P<0.0001). The sensitivity was 84.51% (95% CI = 74.0 - 92.0) and specificity was 86.79% (95% CI = 74.7 - 94.5). For discrimination between benign lesions and controls the AUC was 0,881 with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI = 93.4 - 100.0) and specificity of 66.04% (95% CI = 51.7 - 78.5), and for discriminating benign lesions from tumors the AUC was 0,750 with a sensitivity of 54.93% (95% CI = 42.7 - 66.8) and specificity of 90.74% (95% CI = 79.7 - 96.9). We also found that tumors with elevated microRNA-21 expression are of advanced FIGO stage, high histological grades, and have cervical invasion, myometrial invasion and distant metastasis.

Conclusion: Our findings support the important role of miR-21 as a biomarker to diagnose endometrial cancer. Further studies on minimally invasive/noninvasive samples such as serum, blood, and urine are necessary to provide a better alternative to current diagnosis methods.

This review summarizes studies on miRNA differential regulation related to exposure to crude oil and 20 different crude oil chemicals, such as hydrocarbons, sulphur, nitrogen, and metalcontaining compounds. It may be interesting to explore the possibility of using early post-transcriptional regulators as a potential novel exposure biomarker. Crude oil has been defined as a highly complex mixture of solids, liquids, and gases. Given the toxicological properties of the petroleum components, its extraction and elaboration processes represent high-risk activities for the environment and human health, especially when accidental spills occur. The effects on human health of short-term exposure to petroleum are well known, but chronic exposure effects may variate depending on the exposure type (i.e., work, clean-up activities, or nearby residence). As only two studies are focused on miRNA differential expression after crude-oil exposure, this review will also analyse the bibliography concerning different crude-oil or Petroleum-Related Compounds (PRC) exposure in Animalia L. kingdom and how it is related to differential miRNA transcript levels. Papers include in vitro, animal, and human studies across the world. A list of 10 miRNAs (miR-142-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-451a, miR-16-5p, miR-28-5p, let-7b-5p, miR-320b, miR-27a-3p and miR-346) was created based on bibliography analysis and hypothesised as a possible "footprint" for crude-oil exposure. miRNA differential regulation can be considered a Big-Data related challenge, so different statistical programs and bioinformatics tools were used to have a better understanding of the biological significate of the most interesting data.

Specific microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been reported to be predictive of specific clinical outcomes of dental implants and might be used as biomarkers in implant dentistry with diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The aim of the present narrative review was to summarize current knowledge regarding the use of miRNAs in implant dentistry. The authors attempted to identify all available evidence on the topic and critically appraise it in order to lay the foundation for the development of further research oriented towards the clinical application of miRNAs in implant dentistry.

Background: Blood bank-stored human platelets are one of the life-saving transfusion products to prevent bleeding in multiple clinical settings. In ex vivo storage, platelets undergo apoptosis and it is highly desirable to prevent this process to preserve platelet quality. However, underlying mechanisms of apoptosis are not well understood in stored platelets. Integrin beta 3 (ITGB3) glycoprotein plays multiple roles in platelet physiological processes, and it was reported in other cell types that downregulation of ITGB3 induces apoptosis. Small noncoding regulatory RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs), some of which are abundant in platelets such as miR-103b that belong to miR-103 family of miRNAs, known to play key roles in platelet functions both in vivo and during storage; Cellular miR-103 downregulates certain genes in other cell types and promotes apoptosis. However, whether miR-103b can target and downregulate ITGB3 in stored platelets and such miRNA regulation promotes apoptosis is not known. Here, we tested this working hypothesis.

Objective: Our objective of this study is to validate the abundance of miR-103b in stored platelets and identify whether ITGB3 is a target of miR-103b for the downregulation and this interaction promotes apoptosis.

Methods: RT-qPCR validation of miR-103b was performed in 11 donor samples at 3 different storage time points. In-silico analysis was performed to identify predicted targets of the miR-103b. The miRNA and messenger RNA interactions were confirmed using different biochemical approaches such as qRT-PCR, western blotting and, suppression of luciferase reporter gene expression by ectopic expression of miR-103b in HeLa cells. Final validation of the functional role of miR-103b in ITGB3 downregulation and resulting induction of apoptosis was assessed in stored platelets by FACS analysis following ectopic expression of miR-103b.

Results: Using the Target Scan Vert algorithm, we identified several integrin subunit-encoding mRNAs as potential targets of miR-103b. While ITGB3 and ITGB6 were found to have two targeting sites for miR-103b, since ITGB3 is known to play a role in apoptosis, we chose this for further validation in this study. Ectopic expression of miR-103b decreased the luciferase reporter activity in HeLa cells and decreased ITGB3 mRNA and protein levels in platelets, concomitant with an increase in apoptosis.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate that in stored platelets, miR-103b is highly expressed and can interact with and downregulate ITGB3 and promote apoptosis in stored platelets.

Background: Physical exercise can improve synaptic function and protect the nervous system against many diseases by altering gene regulation. MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as vital regulators of gene expression and protein synthesis not only in the muscular system, but also in the brain.

Objective: Here we investigated whether exercise-induced miRs expression in the nervous and muscular systems is activity-dependent or it remains regulated even after exercise cessation.

Methods: The expression profile of miR-1, -16, and -206 was monitored by RT-PCR in the dorsal root ganglion, in the spinal cord dorsal and ventral horn, and in the soleus muscle of mice after 5 weeks of swimming training and after swimming exercise followed by 4 weeks of sedentary conditions. Control animals consisted of mice that swan daily for 30s during the 5-weeks training period, returning to the non-swimming activity for additional 4 weeks.

Results: After exercise, miR-1 was upregulated in all tissues investigated. However, the upregulation of miR-1 continued significantly high in both aspects of the spinal cord and in the soleus muscle. The expression profiles of miR-16, and -206 were increased only in the nervous system. However, miR-16 upregulation persisted in the DRG and in the spinal cord after exercise interruption, whereas miR-206 continued upregulated only in the spinal cord ventral horn.

Conclusion: Exercise training can cause long-lasting changes in the expression of miRs independently of exercise maintenance. Spatial and temporal expression of miRs is to some extent dependent on this activity. The data raised a new conceptual hypothesis on the biogenesis of miRs, indicating that long-lasting and systematic exercise can potentially cause irreversible miR regulation after activity cessation.

The mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori, apart from its well-known economic importance, has also emerged as an insect model to study host-pathogen interactions. The major concern for silkworm cultivation and the sericulture industry is the attack by various types of pathogens mainly including viruses, fungi, bacteria and protozoa. Successful infection requires specific arsenals to counter the host immune response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the potential arsenals which are encoded by viruses and effectively used during host-pathogen interactions. MiRNAs are short noncoding 19-25 nucleotides long endogenous RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of protein-coding genes in a sequence-specific manner. Most of the higher eukaryotes encode miRNAs and utilize them in the regulation of important cellular pathways. In silkworm, promising functions of miRNAs have been characterized in development, metamorphosis, immunity, and host-pathogen interactions. The viral miRNA-mediated fine-tuning of the viral, as well as cellular genes, is beneficial for making a cellular environment favorable for the virus proliferation. Baculovirus and cypovirus, which infect silkworm have been shown to encode miRNAs and their functions are implicated in controlling the expression of both viral and host genes. In the present review, the author discusses the diverse functions of viral-encoded miRNAs in evasion of the host immune responses and reshaping of the silkworm cellular environment for replication. Besides, a basic overview of miRNA biogenesis and mechanism of action is also provided. Our increasing understanding of the role of viral miRNAs in silkworm-virus interactions would not only assist us to get insights into the intricate pathways but also provide tools to deal with dreaded pathogens.

The primate-specific microRNA gene cluster on chromosome 19 (C19MC) is composed of 56 mature microRNAs (miRNAs), which are divided into three subgroups according to the sequence similarity. This cluster is principally expressed in the placenta but not in other tissues. C19MC is involved in the regulation of proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblastic cells, which are important for the development of the placenta. There is a growing number of studies that have found an altered expression of some miRNAs of the C19MC cluster in cancer, suggesting that these could play an important role in the development of this disease. Therefore, in this work, we provided an overview of the C19MC cluster's role in cancer through a systematic review of published articles. In particular, we focused on miRNAs of subgroup 3. These studies suggest that miRNAs such as miR-512-3p, miR-512-5p, miR-516a-5p, miR-516b-5p, and miR-498-5p could play a pivotal role in the development of therapies for cancer. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the molecular processes and pathways regulated by subgroup 3 miRNAs.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as tissue specific regulators of gene transcription, may be served as biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer (CRC).

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential role of the cancer-related hsa-miRNAs as biomarkers in Colon Cancer (CC) and Rectal Cancer (RC).

Methods: A total of 148 CRC samples (74 rectum and 74 colon) and 74 adjacent normal tissues were collected to examine the differential expression of selected ten hsa-miRNAs using quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results: The significantly elevated levels of miR-21, miR-133b, miR-18a, miR-20a, and miR-135b, and decreased levels of miR-34a, miR-200c, miR-145, and let-7g were detected in colorectal tumors compared to the healthy tissues (P<0.05). Hsa-miR-20a was significantly overexpressed in rectum compared to colon (p =0.028) from a cut-off value of 3.15 with a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 60% and an AUC value of 0.962. Also, hsa-miR-145 was significantly overexpressed in colon compared to the rectum (p =0.02) from a cut-off value of 3.9 with a sensitivity of 55% and a specificity of 61% and an AUC value of 0.91.

Conclusion: In conclusion, hsa-miR-20a and hsa-miR-145, as potential tissue-specific biomarkers for distinguishing RC and CC, improve realizing the molecular differences between these local tumors.

Oxidative stress influences several physiological and pathological cellular events, including cell differentiation, excessive growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Therefore, oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, epilepsy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have shown that several microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development of various diseases caused by oxidative stress and that miRNAs may be useful to determine the inflammatory characteristics of immune responses during infection and disease. In this review, we describe the known effects of miRNAs on reactive oxygen species to induce oxidative stress and miRNA regulatory mechanisms involved in the uncoupling of Keap1-Nrf2 complexes. Finally, we summarized the functions of miRNAs in several antioxidant genes. Understanding the crosstalk between miRNAs and oxidative stress-inducing factors during physiological and pathological cellular events may have implications for the design of more effective treatments for immune diseases.

Background: Breast cancer, being a heterogenous disease at the intra-tumoral and intertumoral levels, presents challenges in following the progress of the disease. Tumour-secreted aberrantly expressed miRNAs obtained from peripheral blood represent a non-invasive alternative resource for detecting and monitoring the development of the disease. This study evaluates the expression of miR-155, miR-133a, miR-21 and miR-205 as non-invasive, prognostic and follow-up markers for breast cancer.

Methods: Plasma expression levels of miR-155, miR-133a, miR-21 and miR-205 were measured using real-time PCR in breast cancer patients (n=63) at presentation, healthy controls (n=25), and in post-treatment samples of 31 patients. A meta-analysis was performed using 43 studies identified from PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases. Hedge's g values were used to calculate the overall effect size.

Results: Plasma miR-21 levels were higher in breast cancer patients at presentation compared to controls, while no difference was observed for miR-155, miR-133a and miR-205. These results were further supported by the meta-analysis. The altered levels of miR-155 during tamoxifen treatment indicated a potential role for miR-155 in monitoring treatment response. Further, high expressions of at least three miRNAs correlated with poor overall survival in the breast cancer patients.

Conclusion: Plasma levels of miR-155, miR-133a, miR-21 and miR-205 may be useful as prognostic and follow-up markers for breast cancer with further validation in a large cohort of patients.