Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a pivotal role in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and its complications by targeting the cellular transcription factors required for gene expression or directly binding to HBV transcripts. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes affect their expression and the regulation of target genes, clinical course, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions of HBV infection.
Methods: Computational assessment and cataloging of miRNA gene polymorphisms targeting mRNA transcripts straightly or indirectly through the regulation of hepatitis B infection by annotating the functional impact of SNPs on mRNA-miRNA and miRNA-RBS (miRNA binding sites) interaction were screened by applying various universally available datasets such as the miRNA SNP3.0 software.
Results: 2987 SNPs were detected in 139 miRNAs affecting hepatitis B infection. Among them, 313 SNPs were predicted to have a significant role in the progression of hepatitis B infection. The computational analysis also revealed that 45 out of the 313 SNPs were located in the seed region and were more important than others. Has-miR-139-3p had the largest number of SNPs in the seed region (n=6). On the other hand, proteoglycans in cancer, adherens junction, lysine degradation, NFkappa B signaling cascade, ECM-receptor binding, viral carcinogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, TGF-beta signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, immune evasion related pathways, and fatty acid biosynthesis were the most important pathways affected by these 139 miRNAs.
Conclusion: The results revealed 45 SNPs in the seed region of 25 miRNAs as the catalog in miRNA genes that regulated the hepatitis B infection. The results also showed the most important pathways regulated by these miRNAs that can be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
It is well recognized that diet components are important genomic regulators considering that food intake influences cytokines such as leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and NPY, which regulate gene expression in response to different nutritional programs, particularly regarding the caloric balance. However, the single nutrients, both the macro-nutrients, the fatty acids, and above all the micronutrients, show an essential capacity also for epigenetic regulation; in this sense, vitamins and their derivatives polyphenols are the main actors.
Background: Hematologic malignancies are among fatal diseases with different subtypes. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a subtype showing a high invasion rate to different tissues.
Objective: AML patients, even after treatment, show an increased rate of recurrence, and this relapsed profile of AML has turned this malignancy into big challenges in the medical scope.
Methods: In the current study, we aimed to investigate hub-genes and potential signaling pathways in AML recurrence. Two expression profiles of genes and non-coding RNAs were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Target genes of identified miRNAs were predicted through bioinformatics tools. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to discover common target genes and differentially expressed genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and visualized through the STRING online database and Cytoscape software, respectively. Hub-genes of constructed PPI were found through the CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape software.
Results: As a result, 109 differentially expressed genes and 45 differentially expressed miRNAs were found, and the top enriched pathways were immune response, xhemokine activity, immune System, and plasma membrane. The hub-genes were TNF, IL6, TLR4, VEGFA, PTPRC, TLR7, TLR1, CD44, CASP1, and CD68.
Conclusion: The present investigation based on the in silico analysis and microarray GEO databases may provide a novel understanding of the mechanisms related to AML relapse.
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most frequent disease in the world and the second cause of cancer-related death. In this way, over 80% of diagnoses are made in the middle to advanced degrees of the disease, underscoring the requirement for innovative biomarkers that can be identified quickly. Meaningly, biomarkers that can complement endoscopic diagnosis and be used to detect patients with a high risk of GC are desperately needed. These biomarkers will allow for the accurate prediction of therapy response and prognosis in GC patients, as well as the development of an optimal treatment strategy for each individual. Conspicuously, microRNAs (miRNAs) and small noncoding RNA regulate the expression of target mRNA, thereby modifying critical biological mechanisms. According to the data, abnormally miRNAs expression in GC is linked to tumor growth, carcinogenesis, aggression, and distant metastasis. Importantly, miRNA expression patterns and nextgeneration sequencing (NGS) can also be applied to analyze different kinds of tissues and cancers. Given the high death rates and poor prognosis of GC, and the absence of a clinical diagnostic factor that is adequately sensitive to GC, research on novel sensitive and specific markers for GC diagnosis is critical. In this review, we examine the latest research findings that suggest the feasibility and clinical utility of miRNAs in GC.
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