MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)最新文献

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a prevalent type of leukemia that is associated with high rates of chemoresistance, including resistance to Azacitidine (AZA). Understanding the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance can lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we aimed to identify dysregulated miRNAs and their target genes involved in chemoresistance to AZA in AML patients.

Methods: We analyzed expression profiles from two GEO datasets (GSE16625 and GSE77750) using the "Limma" package in R. We identified 29 differentially expressed miRNAs between AML patients treated with AZA and healthy individuals. MultiMiR package of R was used to predict target genes of identified miRNAs, and functional enrichment analysis was performed using FunRich software. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using STRING and visualized using Cytoscape. MiR-582 and miR- 597 were the most up- and down-regulated miRNAs, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that metal ion binding, regulation of translation, and proteoglycan syndecan-mediated signaling events were the most enriched pathways. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene was identified as a hub gene in the protein-protein interaction network.

Discussion: Our study identified dysregulated miRNAs and their target genes in response to AZA treatment in AML patients. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and suggest potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AML.

Conclusion: Further experimental validation of the identified miRNAs and their targets is warranted.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a non-melanoma skin cancer with several risk factors including age and sun exposure. The degree of histological differentiation is considered an independent predictor of recurrence, metastasis, and survival. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in regulating gene expression, culminating in the initiation and progression of multiple tumors. The aim of this study was to determine changes in miRNA expression as a result of the mode of differentiation in SCC.

Methods: We analyzed 29 SCC samples that were separated by mode of differentiation into well (n=4), moderate (n=20) and poor (n=5). Of the 29 samples, five had matched normal tissues, which were used as controls. Total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy FFPE kit, and miRNAs were quantified using Qiagen MiRCURY LNA miRNA PCR Assays. Ten miRNAs (hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-146b-3p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-451a, hsa-miR-196-5p, hsa-miR-221-5p, hsa-miR-375, hsa-miR-205-5p, hsa-let-7d-5p and hsa-miR-491-5p) that have been previously differentiated in cancer, were quantified. A fold regulation above 1 indicated upregulation and below 1, downregulation.

Results: Hierarchical clustering showed that the miRNA expression profile in the moderately differentiated group was similar to the well-differentiated group. The miRNA with the greatest upregulation in the moderate group was hsa-miR-375, while in the well group, hsa-miR-491-5p showed the greatest downregulation.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this study observed that the well and moderate groups had similar microRNA expression patterns compared to the poorly differentiated group. MicroRNA expression profiling may be used to better understand the factors underpinning mode of differentiation in SCC.

Background: Neural tube (NT) morphogenesis is reliant on the proper temporospatial expression of numerous genes and synchronized crosstalk between diverse signaling cascades and gene regulatory networks governing key cellular processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding regulatory RNAs, execute defining roles in directing key canonical pathways during embryogenesis.

Objective: In order to comprehend the mechanistic underpinnings of miRNA regulation of NT morphogenesis, we have identified in the current study various miRNAs and their target mRNAs associated with BMP signaling during critical stages of neurulation.

Methods: We previously demonstrated the expression of several miRNAs during the critical stages of neurulation (gestational days (GD) 8.5, 9.0, and 9.5) employing high-sensitivity, high-coverage microarrays. In the present study, bioinformatic analyses were used to identify miRNAs differentially expressed (DE) in the embryonic NT that target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) associated with the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway. RNAs extracted from the developing NT were hybridized to both miRNA and mRNA arrays to evaluate miRNA-mRNA interactions.

Results: Bioinformatic analysis identified several DE miRNAs that targeted mRNAs encoding members of (and proteins associated with) the BMP signaling pathway - a signaling cascade central to normal NT development.

Conclusion: Identification of the miRNAs and their mRNA targets associated with BMP signaling facilitates a better understanding of the crucial epigenetic mechanisms underlying normal NT development as well as the pathogenesis of NT defects. The current study supports the notion that miRNAs function as key regulators of neural tube morphogenesis via modulation of the BMP signaling cascade. Altered expression of these miRNAs during neurulation may therefore result in NT defects.

Background: Diabetic complications have been studied extensively in recent years. There are very few biomarkers in body fluids that can pinpoint a distinct diabetic complication due to insufficient known specific biomarkers for ischemia.

Objective: Identifying microRNA in animal models for each complication could enable early diagnosis of a given complication if verified in humans. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling has been done in rodent models for a number of diabetic complications, like diabetic glomerular injury, atherosclerosis, cognitive impairment, diabetic wound healing, angiopathy and other complications. Due to multiple differences between rodents and humans, the changes in rabbit skin, considered closer to humans than even pigs, may better simulate human diabetic complications of ischemia.

Methods: To study the miRNA profile of rabbits in which diabetes was induced or ischemia was surgically generated, we studied whether diabetes or ischemia-induced specific miRNA could be detected. MicroRNA from the blood of diabetic rabbits and rabbits with local ischemia was collected in PAXgene Blood RNA tubes specifically designed for miRNA isolation and extracted using the PAX gene miRNA extraction kit. The isolated RNA was quality controlled using an RNA analyzer, and further, using RNA seq technology, it was analyzed for distinct miRNAs that were detected in diabetic and non-diabetic rabbits induced with ischemia.

Results: A miRNA that was found to be expressed in diabetic rabbits and ischemic rabbits but not in untreated rabbits was miRNA-183. Several miRNAs were differentially expressed across comparison groups, and several upregulated miRNAs were identified being unique to each comparison. In rabbits with a potential diabetic complication of a long-term ischemic model, there was one distinct microRNA, which was highly significantly upregulated in ischemia rabbit (miRNA-133-3p). One miRNA that was highly significantly upregulated in diabetic rabbit but not in ischemic rabbits was miRNA-3074-5p. Only statistically significant results have been considered and analyzed.

Conclusion: These findings could lead to a precise and timely diagnosis of a potential single diabetic complication without invasive tissue biopsies and could be a novel tool in the management of diabetic patients developing complications due to the progression of diabetes.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that repress or degrade mRNA targets to downregulate genes. In cancer occurrence, the expression of miRNAs is altered. Depending on the involvement of a certain miRNA in the pathogenetic growth of a tumor, It may be up or downregulated. The "oncogenic" action of miRNAs corresponds with upregulation, which leads to tumor proliferation and spread meanwhile the miRNAs that have been downregulated bring tumorsuppressive outcomes. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are among the genes whose expression is under their control, demonstrating that classifying them solely as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes alone is not only hindering but also incorrect. Apart from basic tumors, miRNAs may be found in nearly all human fluids and can be used for cancer diagnosis as well as clinical outcome prognostics and better response to treatment strategies. The overall variance of these tiny noncoding RNAs influences patient-specific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-cancer medicines, driving a growing demand for personalized medicine. By now, microRNAs from tumor biopsies or blood are being widely investigated as substantial biomarkers for cancer in time diagnosis, prognosis, and, progression. With the rise of COVID-19, this paper also attempts to study recent research on miRNAs involved with deaths in lung cancer COVID patients. With the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms, personalized treatment via microRNAs has lately become a reality. The present review article describes the highlights of recent knowledge of miRNAs in various cancers, with a focus on miRNA translational applications as innovative potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators that expand person-to-person therapy options.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to small non-coding RNAs that coordinate the expression of cellular genes at the post-transcriptional level. The hypothalamus is a key regulator of homeostasis, biological rhythms and adaptation to different environmental factors. It also participates in the aging regulation. Variations in miRNA expression in the hypothalamus can affect the aging process.

Objective: Our objective of this study is to examine the expression of miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p, miR-200c-3p in the dorsomedial (DMN), ventromedial (VMN) and arcuate (ARN) nuclei of the hypothalamus in male and female rats during aging.

Methods: The expression of miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p, and miR-200c-3p in DMN, VMN and ARN was studied by qPCR-RT. The results were presented using the 2^-ΔΔCq algorithm.

Results: The expression of miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p, miR-200c-3p microRNAs decreases with aging in the DMN of males and in the VMN of females. The level of miR-200b-3p expression decreased in aged males in the VMN and females in the DMN. The expression of miR-200c-3p declined in aged males in the ARN and in females in the DMN. The expression of miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p, and miR-200c-3p did not change in females in the ARN in aging.

Conclusion: We found a decrease in the expression of members of the miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p, and miR-200c-3p in the tuberal hypothalamic nuclei and their sex differences in aging rats.

Background and aim: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is an upper respiratory tract cancer prevalent in Southeast Asia and related to chronic EBV infection. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression implicated in NPC's carcinogenesis. However, this circulating RNA molecule's role and clinical utility remain unknown. Therefore, this study examined the circulation of miRNAs and their association with clinical data.

Methods: 160 plasma samples of NPC and 80 non-tumor samples were extracted to evaluate and validate the gene expressions. Quantification expression was performed using relative quantification of qPCR analysis level expression methods. The intrinsic cellular roles involving biological signaling in NPC's oncogenesis using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) were also used.

Results: The results of the quantification significance profiling of NPC samples revealed decreased miR- 29c-3p (fold change 1.16; p<0.05) and increased 195-5p expression (fold change 1.157; p<0.05). Furthermore, the validation of hsa-miR-29c-3p expression on plasma NPC with known tumor vs. non-tumor and significant changes was also performed using a fold change of 4.45 (medians of 31.45 ± 1.868 and 24.96 ± 1.872, respectively; p<0.0005). miR-29c had a 2.14 fold change correlated with T primary status with a median of 31.99±1.319 and 31.35±2.412, respectively (p<0.05). Stage status with fold change 1.99 also had median levels of 31.98±1.105 and 31.21 ± 2.355, respectively (p-value <0.05). Furthermore, the node's status for the lower expression of miR-29c with fold change 1.17 had median levels of 32.78 ± 2.221 and 31.33 ± 1.689, respectively (p-value of 0.7). Bioinformatics analysis established the roles and functions of miR-29 in NPC progression, cell death and survival, cellular development, cellular function, and cell maintenance by inhibiting COL4A, PI3K, VEGFA, JUN, and CDK6.

Conclusion: Overall, we conclude that decreased miR-29c expression is associated with poor clinical status and might inhibit NPC's five target genes.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with advanced age. It is characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss and accounts for most cases of dementia in older people. AD can be rooted in genetic, epigenetic, or environmental causes. No drugs or other therapeutic agents prevent or delay AD progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short and uncoded RNAs that can bind to 200 RNAs approximately. By inhibiting or destroying specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs), they control gene expression and broadly affect cellular functions. MiRNAs play important roles in regulating neuronal growth, neuronal differentiation, dendritic spine morphology, and synaptic flexibility in the nervous system. The expression levels of miRNAs are changed in neurological diseases, including AD, suggesting that they play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Therefore, targeting disrupted miRNAs may be a novel therapeutic approach against AD and offers multiple solutions, including harnessing the beneficial effects of beta-amyloid, reducing tau protein, reducing neuronal cell death, and protecting synapses in AD.

It is now well established that lifestyle, particularly eating habits, modulates the synthesis and action of microRNAs (miRNAs). In particular, several nutritional schemes have proven effective in improving body composition, but molecular mechanisms still need to be fully understood. Within the complex physiological network of food intake regulation, it is essential to understand the changes in endocrine activity after the reduction of adipose tissue during a weight loss program. This could be the key to identifying the optimal endocrine profile in high responders, the assessment of musculoskeletal status, and long-term management. In this review, we summarize the state of the art regarding miRNAs as a function of weight loss and as a mechanistic regulator of the effectiveness of the nutritional program.

Plants possess an arsenal of different classes of small RNAs (sRNAs) of variable size, which play a regulatory role in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes via transcriptional or post-transcriptional gene silencing. The hard challenges that agriculture will face in the next few decades, such as an increasing demand for agrifood production related to the global increase in population, have stimulated the development of innovative biotechnological approaches in agriculture. In this regard, the use of artificial sRNAs has already been exploited successfully for many purposes, including control of severe plant diseases, improvement of genetic and agronomic traits of cultivated species, and increasing the nutritional value of plant foodstuffs. This strategy relies on the application of synthetic sRNA molecules to induce specific physiological responses by triggering appropriate RNA silencing pathways. This review contextualizes the use of artificial sRNAs in consideration of the huge diversity of RNA silencing mechanisms in plants. Additionally, the discussion also examines microRNAs from edible plants and exosome-like vesicles, also known as plant-derived edible nanoparticles (ENPs), which themselves can act as micronutrients.