Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) poses a growing public health threat in Iran. This study assessed the burden of K. pneumoniae AMR from 2000 to 2021, including deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and economic impact.
Methods
Using 2021 AMR project data, we estimated deaths and DALYs per 100,000 population with 95 % uncertainty intervals under two scenarios: attributable (resistant replaced by susceptible infections) and associated (resistant replaced by no infection). Economic burden was calculated using GDP per capita and PPP-adjusted estimates.
Results
The deaths from K. pneumoniae AMR increased from 565.9 to 643.5, while the age-standardized rate of deaths decreased from 1.5 to 0.9 per 100,000 people. DALYs dropped from 29523.4 to 18787.1, with the ASR decreasing from 60.2 to 25.3 per 100,000 people. Carbapenem resistance rose from 7.5 % to 20 %, increasing all-age attributable deaths from 76.1 to 175.0. Deaths and death rates fell for under-20s. For those 30 and over, death counts rose while the rate itself fell, stabilizing only for ages 85+. Despite a slight decrease, the economic burden was estimated at between 291.1 and 873.31 million USD PPP in 2021.
Conclusions
While the overall burden of K. pneumoniae AMR has declined, it remains high in older adults. Strengthening water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs, antibiotic stewardship (ASP), and prescribing practices are essential.
{"title":"Burden of antimicrobial resistance and estimated economic impact of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Iran— A 2000 to 2021 analysis","authors":"Amirhossein Shahsavand , Ali Golestani , Samaneh Akbarpour , Mohammadreza Salehi , Arash Seifi , Keyhan Mohammadi , Maryam Shafaati","doi":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (<em>K. pneumoniae</em>) poses a growing public health threat in Iran. This study assessed the burden of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> AMR from 2000 to 2021, including deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and economic impact.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using 2021 AMR project data, we estimated deaths and DALYs per 100,000 population with 95 % uncertainty intervals under two scenarios: attributable (resistant replaced by susceptible infections) and associated (resistant replaced by no infection). Economic burden was calculated using GDP per capita and PPP-adjusted estimates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The deaths from <em>K</em>. <em>pneumoniae</em> AMR increased from 565.9 to 643.5, while the age-standardized rate of deaths decreased from 1.5 to 0.9 per 100,000 people. DALYs dropped from 29523.4 to 18787.1, with the ASR decreasing from 60.2 to 25.3 per 100,000 people. Carbapenem resistance rose from 7.5 % to 20 %, increasing all-age attributable deaths from 76.1 to 175.0. Deaths and death rates fell for under-20s. For those 30 and over, death counts rose while the rate itself fell, stabilizing only for ages 85+. Despite a slight decrease, the economic burden was estimated at between 291.1 and 873.31 million USD PPP in 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While the overall burden of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> AMR has declined, it remains high in older adults. Strengthening <strong>water, sanitation, and hygiene</strong> (WASH) programs, antibiotic stewardship (ASP), and prescribing practices are essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38074,"journal":{"name":"New Microbes and New Infections","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101675"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urethritis caused by nongroupable Neisseria meningitidis ST-11 and ST-11026 in China","authors":"Rui Jin , Xiaoyu Zhu , Yanhong Zhao , Biyu Yin , Shaochun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101671","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38074,"journal":{"name":"New Microbes and New Infections","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101671"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101681
Eli Schwartz , Laor Orshan , Patricia Schlagenhauf
{"title":"Ivermectin's role in malaria control: the simplicity and the complexity","authors":"Eli Schwartz , Laor Orshan , Patricia Schlagenhauf","doi":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38074,"journal":{"name":"New Microbes and New Infections","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101681"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101677
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
{"title":"Ethiopia's first Marburg virus outbreak — Implications for emerging hemorrhagic fevers in Africa","authors":"Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq","doi":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101677","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38074,"journal":{"name":"New Microbes and New Infections","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101677"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101674
Muhammad Tahir Khan , Zeyu Luo , Arwa Omar Al Khatib , Dalal Sulaiman Alshaya , Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani , Tariq Nadeem
Whole-genome sequencing is the most promising approach for public health surveillance and antimicrobial drug resistance. The current study aimed to analyze base mutations across Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes to assess mutation frequency and distribution across different regions. This study aimed to identify genomic regions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with varying mutation frequencies to inform mechanisms of drug resistance and potential drug target discovery. The study analyzed base mutations across 209 whole genome sequences, which were aligned with reference H37Rv (NC_000962.3), using the PhyResSE pipeline. Based on the frequency of mutations, the regions have been classified into three main locations. High frequency mutation areas: around 2300 kb to 2400 kb, around 4100 kb to 4200 kb, around 1600 kb to 1700 kb, and 3700 kb to 3800 kb. These locations showed dense clusters linked to katG and inhA (Isoniazid resistance), Ethambutol resistance (embB), rifampicin resistance (compensatory role rpoA). Moderate frequency mutations were observed around 2000 kb to 2100 kb, around 1300 kb to 1400 kb, around 3800 kb to 3900 kb, and around 3400 kb to 3500 kb. These regions show mostly involved rrs mutations (amikacin, kanamycin, and capreomycin resistance), and rpoA has a compensatory role in rifampicin resistance. Regions exhibiting minimal mutation activity have been observed around 100 kb–300 kb, around 500 kb, and 2700 kb to 2800 kb. The most common nucleotide substitution was G to A (G→A) (16 %), followed by A to G (A→G) and T to C (T→C) (15 %). These findings collectively highlight novel genomic regions of stability and hypervariability, offering insights for refining WGS-based surveillance, resistance prediction, and future drug target prioritization.
{"title":"Genomic landscape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Identifying mutation hotspots and stable regions for implications for drug development","authors":"Muhammad Tahir Khan , Zeyu Luo , Arwa Omar Al Khatib , Dalal Sulaiman Alshaya , Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani , Tariq Nadeem","doi":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whole-genome sequencing is the most promising approach for public health surveillance and antimicrobial drug resistance. The current study aimed to analyze base mutations across <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> genomes to assess mutation frequency and distribution across different regions. This study aimed to identify genomic regions of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> with varying mutation frequencies to inform mechanisms of drug resistance and potential drug target discovery. The study analyzed base mutations across 209 whole genome sequences, which were aligned with reference H37Rv (NC_000962.3), using the PhyResSE pipeline. Based on the frequency of mutations, the regions have been classified into three main locations. High frequency mutation areas: around 2300 kb to 2400 kb, around 4100 kb to 4200 kb, around 1600 kb to 1700 kb, and 3700 kb to 3800 kb. These locations showed dense clusters linked to <em>katG</em> and <em>inhA</em> (Isoniazid resistance), Ethambutol resistance (<em>embB</em>), rifampicin resistance (compensatory role <em>rpoA).</em> Moderate frequency mutations were observed around 2000 kb to 2100 kb, around 1300 kb to 1400 kb, around 3800 kb to 3900 kb, and around 3400 kb to 3500 kb. These regions show mostly involved <em>rrs mutations</em> (amikacin, kanamycin, and capreomycin resistance), and <em>rpoA</em> has a compensatory role in rifampicin resistance. Regions exhibiting minimal mutation activity have been observed around 100 kb–300 kb, around 500 kb, and 2700 kb to 2800 kb. The most common nucleotide substitution was G to A (G→A) (16 %), followed by A to G (A→G) and T to C (T→C) (15 %). These findings collectively highlight novel genomic regions of stability and hypervariability, offering insights for refining WGS-based surveillance, resistance prediction, and future drug target prioritization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38074,"journal":{"name":"New Microbes and New Infections","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101664
Fatemeh Sameni , Ali Dadashi , Bahareh Hajikhani , Maedeh Pourali Eshkalak , Alex van Belkum , Ali Hashemi , Azadeh Alirezaei , Masoud Dadashi
Background
Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) are particularly difficult to treat because of their intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics.
Objective
The main aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of infections caused by this bacterium across different provinces of Iran. Additionally, the study assessed the resistance rates of commonly prescribed antibiotics to address existing gaps in therapeutic knowledge.
Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant original research articles published in English between 2000 and 2024, using Google Scholar, Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Web of Science. Following screening, all studies reporting antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of S. maltophilia from Iran were included and analyzed.
Results
A total of 1415 clinical isolates were collected from 16 regions across Iran. Most isolates showed high susceptibility to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and minocycline (98.5 % and 98.2 %, respectively). Among the genes associated with biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance, sul1 and spgM were the most prevalent (12.4 % and 39.6 %, respectively).
Conclusion
Given the low resistance rates to levofloxacin and minocycline, these antibiotics may be considered as potentially effective options for treating S. maltophilia infections in Iran. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed comparatively higher resistance rates, suggesting that its clinical efficacy may be declining. The rising isolation of S. maltophilia from clinical specimens in recent years, compared to the previous decade, is of both epidemiological and clinical concern, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance and prudent antibiotic use.
嗜麦芽窄养单胞菌（S. maltopophilia）引起的感染尤其难以治疗，因为它们对多种抗生素具有内在耐药性。目的本系统综述的主要目的是评估伊朗不同省份由该细菌引起的感染的流行情况。此外，该研究评估了常用抗生素的耐药率，以解决治疗知识方面的现有空白。方法利用谷歌Scholar、Medline（通过PubMed）、Embase和Web of Science，对2000 - 2024年间发表的相关英文原创研究文章进行系统的文献综述。筛选后，纳入并分析了所有报道伊朗嗜麦芽葡萄球菌临床分离株抗生素耐药性的研究。结果在伊朗16个地区共采集到临床分离株1415株。大多数菌株对替卡西林/克拉维酸和米诺环素的敏感性分别为98.5%和98.2%。在与生物膜形成和抗生素耐药性相关的基因中，sul1和spgM最为普遍（分别占12.4%和39.6%）。结论考虑到左氧氟沙星和米诺环素的低耐药率，这些抗生素可能被认为是治疗伊朗嗜麦芽葡萄球菌感染的潜在有效选择。甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑耐药率较高，提示其临床疗效可能正在下降。与过去十年相比，近年来从临床标本中分离出嗜麦芽链球菌的情况越来越多，这是流行病学和临床关注的问题，突出了持续监测和谨慎使用抗生素的必要性。
{"title":"Insights into antibiotic resistance and prevalence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from clinical samples in Iran: A systematic review","authors":"Fatemeh Sameni , Ali Dadashi , Bahareh Hajikhani , Maedeh Pourali Eshkalak , Alex van Belkum , Ali Hashemi , Azadeh Alirezaei , Masoud Dadashi","doi":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Infections caused by <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</em> (<em>S. maltophilia</em>) are particularly difficult to treat because of their intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The main aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of infections caused by this bacterium across different provinces of Iran. Additionally, the study assessed the resistance rates of commonly prescribed antibiotics to address existing gaps in therapeutic knowledge.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant original research articles published in English between 2000 and 2024, using Google Scholar, Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Web of Science. Following screening, all studies reporting antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of <em>S. maltophilia</em> from Iran were included and analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1415 clinical isolates were collected from 16 regions across Iran. Most isolates showed high susceptibility to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and minocycline (98.5 % and 98.2 %, respectively). Among the genes associated with biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance, <em>sul1</em> and <em>spgM</em> were the most prevalent (12.4 % and 39.6 %, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Given the low resistance rates to levofloxacin and minocycline, these antibiotics may be considered as potentially effective options for treating <em>S. maltophilia</em> infections in Iran. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed comparatively higher resistance rates, suggesting that its clinical efficacy may be declining. The rising isolation of <em>S. maltophilia</em> from clinical specimens in recent years, compared to the previous decade, is of both epidemiological and clinical concern, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance and prudent antibiotic use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38074,"journal":{"name":"New Microbes and New Infections","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101664"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101676
Jie Liu , Kaiming Zhang , Rui Yu , Haozhi Han , Peng Zhao
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Osteoarticular fungal infections (OAFIs), including fungal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, represent uncommon but clinically significant complications in musculoskeletal care. Current management remains challenging due to limited evidence guiding antifungal selection. This study aims to characterize the epidemiological patterns, clinical features, and antifungal susceptibility profiles of OAFIs, with particular focus on the critical role of <em>in vitro</em> susceptibility testing in determining treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study of patients was conducted with OAFIs treated between January 2020 and February 2024, analyzing clinical manifestations, surgical interventions, and associated risk factors. Fungal identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), followed by broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing for amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FLC), voriconazole (VRC), and posaconazole (POS). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were interpreted according to CLSI guidelines to determine susceptibility profiles and identify potential resistance mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixty fungal isolates were isolated from 60 patients with OAFIs including <em>Candida</em> spp. (n = 40, 66.7 %), <em>Aspergillus</em> spp. (n = 14, 23.3 %), <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em> (n = 2, 3.3 %), <em>Trichophyton rubrum</em> (n = 2, 3.3 %), <em>Lomentospora prolificans</em> (n = 1, 1.7 %), and <em>Cryptococcus laurentii</em> (n = 1, 1.7 %). The isolates were obtained from joint fluid (n = 48, 80 %) and inflammatory lesions (n = 12, 20 %). Antifungal susceptibility testing demonstrated highest MIC values for FLC but susceptibility profiles for VRC and POS against all fungal isolates. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in VRC and POS activity among <em>Candida</em>, <em>Aspergillus</em>, and <em>Cryptococcus</em> spp. (F = 15.78, <em>P</em> < 0.01; F = 66.88, <em>P</em> < 0.0001). VRC activity did not differ between <em>Candida</em> and <em>Aspergillus</em> spp., but both were lower than against <em>Cryptococcus</em> spp. (<em>P</em> < 0.05 and <em>P</em> < 0.05). POS activity was higher against <em>Candida</em> than <em>Aspergillus</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and <em>Cryptococcus</em> spp. (<em>P</em> < 0.0001), and higher against <em>Cryptococcus</em> than <em>Aspergillus</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Systemic comorbidities were common (73.3 %), one patient was HIV-positive, and three had only localized superficial fungal infections.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We concluded that <em>Candida albicans</em> and <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> as the predominant pathogens in OAFIs, while rare species including <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em>, <em>Lomentospora prolificans</em>, and <em>Cryptococcus laurentii</em> were also isolated
骨关节真菌感染（OAFIs），包括真菌性骨髓炎和脓毒性关节炎，是肌肉骨骼护理中不常见但临床上重要的并发症。目前的管理仍然具有挑战性，因为指导抗真菌选择的证据有限。本研究旨在描述OAFIs的流行病学模式、临床特征和抗真菌药敏特征，特别关注体外药敏试验在确定治疗结果中的关键作用。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2024年2月期间接受OAFIs治疗的患者的临床表现、手术干预及相关危险因素。采用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱法（MALDI-TOF MS）进行真菌鉴定，随后进行肉汤微量稀释对两性霉素B （AMB）、氟康唑（FLC）、伏立康唑（VRC）和泊沙康唑（POS）的抗真菌药敏试验。根据CLSI指南解释最低抑制浓度（MIC）值，以确定敏感性概况并确定潜在的耐药机制。结果从60例OAFIs患者中分离到真菌60株，其中念珠菌40株（66.7%）、曲霉菌14株（23.3%）、新型隐球菌2株（3.3%）、红毛癣菌2株（3.3%）、增殖性卷孢菌1株（1.7%）、劳伦隐球菌1株（1.7%）。分离株分别来自关节液（n = 48, 80%）和炎性病变（n = 12, 20%）。抗真菌药敏试验表明，FLC的MIC值最高，但VRC和POS对所有真菌分离株的药敏曲线最高。统计分析显示，假丝酵母菌、曲霉菌和隐球菌的VRC和POS活性差异有统计学意义（F = 15.78, P < 0.01; F = 66.88, P < 0.0001）。VRC活性在假丝酵母菌和曲霉菌间无显著差异，但均低于隐球菌（P <； 0.05和P <； 0.05）。POS对假丝酵母菌的活性高于曲霉菌（P < 0.001）和隐球菌（P < 0.0001），对隐球菌的活性高于曲霉菌（P < 0.05）。全身合并症很常见（73.3%），1例hiv阳性，3例仅局部浅表真菌感染。结论OAFI的主要病原菌为白色念珠菌和烟曲霉，同时也检出了新型隐球菌、增殖性绵孢子菌和劳伦隐球菌等稀有病原菌。抗真菌药敏试验显示VRC和POS是OAFIs潜在有效的治疗选择。这些发现强调了早期发现罕见真菌病原体、敏感性指导治疗和持续耐药性监测对非免疫缺陷患者OAFIs治疗的必要性。
{"title":"Species distribution, antifungal susceptibility, and clinical profiles of patients with osteoarticular fungal Infections: A retrospective study","authors":"Jie Liu , Kaiming Zhang , Rui Yu , Haozhi Han , Peng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Osteoarticular fungal infections (OAFIs), including fungal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, represent uncommon but clinically significant complications in musculoskeletal care. Current management remains challenging due to limited evidence guiding antifungal selection. This study aims to characterize the epidemiological patterns, clinical features, and antifungal susceptibility profiles of OAFIs, with particular focus on the critical role of <em>in vitro</em> susceptibility testing in determining treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study of patients was conducted with OAFIs treated between January 2020 and February 2024, analyzing clinical manifestations, surgical interventions, and associated risk factors. Fungal identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), followed by broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing for amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FLC), voriconazole (VRC), and posaconazole (POS). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were interpreted according to CLSI guidelines to determine susceptibility profiles and identify potential resistance mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixty fungal isolates were isolated from 60 patients with OAFIs including <em>Candida</em> spp. (n = 40, 66.7 %), <em>Aspergillus</em> spp. (n = 14, 23.3 %), <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em> (n = 2, 3.3 %), <em>Trichophyton rubrum</em> (n = 2, 3.3 %), <em>Lomentospora prolificans</em> (n = 1, 1.7 %), and <em>Cryptococcus laurentii</em> (n = 1, 1.7 %). The isolates were obtained from joint fluid (n = 48, 80 %) and inflammatory lesions (n = 12, 20 %). Antifungal susceptibility testing demonstrated highest MIC values for FLC but susceptibility profiles for VRC and POS against all fungal isolates. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in VRC and POS activity among <em>Candida</em>, <em>Aspergillus</em>, and <em>Cryptococcus</em> spp. (F = 15.78, <em>P</em> < 0.01; F = 66.88, <em>P</em> < 0.0001). VRC activity did not differ between <em>Candida</em> and <em>Aspergillus</em> spp., but both were lower than against <em>Cryptococcus</em> spp. (<em>P</em> < 0.05 and <em>P</em> < 0.05). POS activity was higher against <em>Candida</em> than <em>Aspergillus</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and <em>Cryptococcus</em> spp. (<em>P</em> < 0.0001), and higher against <em>Cryptococcus</em> than <em>Aspergillus</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Systemic comorbidities were common (73.3 %), one patient was HIV-positive, and three had only localized superficial fungal infections.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We concluded that <em>Candida albicans</em> and <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> as the predominant pathogens in OAFIs, while rare species including <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em>, <em>Lomentospora prolificans</em>, and <em>Cryptococcus laurentii</em> were also isolated ","PeriodicalId":38074,"journal":{"name":"New Microbes and New Infections","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101676"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101637
Chiranjib Chakraborty , Manojit Bhattacharya , Arpita Das , Rao Zahid Abbas , Priyanka Choudhary , Om Prakash Choudhary
{"title":"Current status of H5N1 influenza vaccines against clade 2.3.4.4b of H5N1","authors":"Chiranjib Chakraborty , Manojit Bhattacharya , Arpita Das , Rao Zahid Abbas , Priyanka Choudhary , Om Prakash Choudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101637","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38074,"journal":{"name":"New Microbes and New Infections","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101637"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101678
Ala'a B. Al-Tammemi , Tareq L. Mukattash
{"title":"Ethiopia's first-ever Marburg virus disease outbreak: Implications for health security in Jordan in the context of labor migration","authors":"Ala'a B. Al-Tammemi , Tareq L. Mukattash","doi":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38074,"journal":{"name":"New Microbes and New Infections","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 101678"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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