New Microbes and New Infections最新文献_第4页

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of travel-associated cyclosporiasis in Santiago, Chile: Descriptive analysis over 5 years 智利圣地亚哥旅行相关环孢子虫病的临床和流行病学特征：5年描述性分析

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101693

Camila Quiñones , Lorena Porte , Valeska Vollrath , Thomas Weitzel

Background

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a neglected intestinal parasite and emerging cause of gastrointestinal illness in travelers. The global distribution, life cycle, and clinical features of cyclosporiasis remain poorly understood. The present study analyzes the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of cyclosporiasis diagnosed in Santiago, Chile.

Methods

We included cyclosporiasis cases diagnosed by molecular methods at Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile, from December 2015 to August 2024. Demographic, travel-related, and clinical data were collected from electronic patient records, complemented by a standardized telephone survey.

Results

Among 25,061 samples, 61 were positive from C. cayetanensis. The median age of patients was 41 years (range 15–81 years); 59 % were male; all were associated with recent international travel. Medium travel duration was 10 days (4-20); travel reasons were tourism (80.4 %) and business (19.6 %); 92.3 % stayed at all-inclusive resorts or hotels. Infections were predominantly (80.0 %) acquired in Mexico, mostly on the Caribbean coast. Patients presented with diarrhea (100 %), abdominal pain (60.3 %), nausea (37.9 %), weight loss (34.5 %), and vomiting (19.0 %); 35.7 % of patients reported systemic manifestations such as fatigue, myalgia, and fever; 6.1 % of cases were hospitalized. Median time delays from symptom onset to consultation, diagnosis, and treatment were 7 (0–33), 15 (2–36), and 17 (3–42) days, respectively. All patients recovered rapidly after treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Conclusions

Cyclosporiasis mainly affected tourists visiting all-inclusive resorts and business travelers, most frequently in Mexico. Diagnosis and treatment were often delayed. The presented data may help to raise awareness and optimize pre-travel advice and post-travel management of travelers with prolonged diarrhea.

背景卡耶坦环孢子虫是一种被忽视的肠道寄生虫，也是旅行者胃肠道疾病的新病因。环孢子虫病的全球分布、生命周期和临床特征仍然知之甚少。本研究分析了智利圣地亚哥诊断的环孢子虫病的临床流行病学特征。方法选取2015年12月至2024年8月在智利圣地亚哥Clínica Alemana医院用分子方法诊断的环孢子虫病病例。从电子病历中收集人口统计、旅行相关和临床数据，并辅以标准化的电话调查。结果25,061份标本中，卡耶坦棘球蚴阳性61份。患者的中位年龄为41岁（15-81岁）；59%为男性；所有人都与最近的国际旅行有关。中等旅行时间为10天（4 ~ 20天）；旅游原因为旅游（80.4%）和商务（19.6%）；92.3%的人住在全包式度假村或酒店。感染主要发生在墨西哥（80.0%），主要发生在加勒比海岸。患者表现为腹泻（100%）、腹痛（60.3%）、恶心（37.9%）、体重减轻（34.5%）和呕吐（19.0%）；35.7%的患者报告全身表现，如疲劳、肌痛和发烧；6.1%的病例住院治疗。从症状出现到咨询、诊断和治疗的中位延迟时间分别为7（0-33）、15（2-36）和17（3-42）天。所有患者经甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑治疗后均迅速恢复。结论环孢子虫病以旅游度假者和商务旅行者为主，以墨西哥居多。诊断和治疗常常被延误。提出的数据可能有助于提高认识和优化旅行前的建议和旅行后的管理与长期腹泻的旅行者。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical alert: Initial emergence and preliminary containment of Marburg virus disease in Ethiopia 临床警报：埃塞俄比亚马尔堡病毒病的初步出现和初步遏制

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101690

Hailemariam Mamo Hassen

引用次数: 0

Dermacentor reticulatus as a vector of microsporidian infections: A cross-sectional analysis in the Czech Republic 网状皮肤线虫作为微孢子虫感染的载体：捷克共和国的横断面分析

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101686

Bohumil Sak , Michaela Fibigerová , Kristína Mravcová , Nikola Holubová , Silvie Šikutová , Jana Fenclová , Martin Kváč , Ivo Rudolf

Background

Dermacentor reticulatus is an emerging tick species in Central Europe with growing significance as a vector of various pathogens. This study reports, for the first time, the presence of human-pathogenic microsporidia in D. reticulatus ticks collected from South Moravia, Czech Republic.

Methods

Ticks trapped by flagging from vegetation at ten various sites in the Czech Republic were homogenized and tested for presence of microsporidial DNA using PCR and sequencing, and the microsporidial load was quantified by qPCR.

Results

A total of 277 ticks were analyzed using molecular methods, revealing microsporidian DNA in 7.58 % of samples. Several zoonotic species and genotypes were identified, including Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotypes I and II, E. intestinalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes D, horse 1, and Peru 8. Dual infections were observed in two ticks. Spore burden ranged from 10² to 10³ spores per tick.

Conclusions

Although spore loads were relatively low, the presence of microsporidia in ticks indicates a potential role for D. reticulatus as a mechanical or biological vector. Our findings highlight the need for further investigation into the ecological and public health implications of microsporidia transmission by ticks.

背景网纹革蜱是中欧地区一种新兴的蜱类，作为多种病原体的传播媒介日益重要。本研究首次报道了在捷克南摩拉维亚采集的网纹蜱中存在人致病性微孢子虫。方法从捷克共和国10个不同地点的植被上用标记法捕获的木棒均质化，采用PCR和测序方法检测微孢子虫DNA的存在，并采用qPCR定量检测微孢子虫载量。结果对277只蜱进行分子分析，其中7.58%的蜱检出微孢子虫DNA。鉴定出几种人畜共患病种和基因型，包括基因型I和II型的恙脑虫、肠肠绦虫和基因型D、马1型和秘鲁8型的bieneusii肠细胞虫。2只蜱出现双重感染。每蜱的孢子负荷为102至103个孢子。结论虽然蜱的孢子载量相对较低，但微孢子虫在蜱体中的存在表明网纹弓形虫可能是一种机械或生物媒介。我们的研究结果强调需要进一步调查蜱传播微孢子虫的生态和公共卫生影响。

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引用次数: 0

Bioaerosol assessment of indoor air in hospital wards for isolation of Nocardia species from a tertiary care hospital in Iranshahr, Iran 伊朗伊朗沙赫尔一家三级保健医院对医院病房室内空气进行生物气溶胶评估，以分离诺卡菌

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101689

Zahed Ahmadi , Alireza Moradabadi , Sara Kamal-Shasavar

Background

Bioaerosols can be a critical role in the transmission of hospital-acquired infections. Nocardia species are opportunistic pathogens that primarily affect immunocompromised patients, accounting for approximately 1–2% of all hospital-acquired bacterial infections in this population. To date, there are no comprehensive studies examining the presence of Nocardia in hospital indoor air. This study aimed to assess the species diversity of the Nocardia genus in different hospital indoor environments at Khatam Hospital, Iranshahr, Iran.

Methods

Particle concentration in various hospital wards was measured using the direct reading method. Bioaerosol sampling followed NIOSH methods 0800 and 0801, using Sauton's medium plates. Each Petri dish was incubated in an inverted position for three weeks at both 25 °C and 37 °C in parallel. Nocardia isolates were identified through phenotypic tests, including growth in lysozyme broth and substrate degradation assays (tyrosine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine), followed by molecular confirmation.

Results

The orthopedic ward exhibited the highest particle concentration among all wards. Fourteen Nocardia isolates were recovered: four from the emergency department, four from infectious diseases, and three from surgery, two from hemodialysis, and one from orthopedics. The identified species included N. cyriacigeorgica, N. asteroides, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. wallacei, N. kroppenstedtii, N. farcinica, and N. nova.

Conclusion

This study represents one of the earliest documented investigations, detecting clinically relevant Nocardia species in hospital indoor air. Although the direct link between airborne Nocardia and hospital-acquired infections remains to be proven, the detection of pathogenic species in patient-care environments underscores a potential risk to vulnerable individuals.

背景：生物气溶胶在医院获得性感染的传播中可能起着关键作用。诺卡菌属机会致病菌，主要影响免疫功能低下患者，约占该人群所有医院获得性细菌感染的1-2%。迄今为止，还没有对医院室内空气中诺卡菌的存在进行全面研究。本研究旨在评估伊朗哈塔姆医院不同医院室内环境中诺卡菌属的物种多样性。方法采用直读法测定各病房的颗粒物浓度。生物气溶胶取样遵循NIOSH方法0800和0801，使用Sauton培养基。每个培养皿在25°C和37°C平行条件下倒置孵育3周。诺卡菌分离株通过表型试验鉴定，包括在溶菌酶肉汤中的生长和底物降解试验（酪氨酸、黄嘌呤和次黄嘌呤），然后进行分子确认。结果骨科病房颗粒浓度最高。回收了14株诺卡菌分离株：4株来自急诊科，4株来自传染病，3株来自外科，2株来自血液透析，1株来自骨科。鉴定种包括cyriacigeorgica、asteroides、otitidiscaviarum、wallacei、kroppenstedtii、farcinica和nova。结论在医院室内空气中检测出临床相关的诺卡菌属，是文献记载最早的调查之一。虽然空气传播的诺卡菌与医院获得性感染之间的直接联系仍有待证实，但在患者护理环境中检测到致病性物种强调了对易感个体的潜在风险。

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引用次数: 0

Temporal trends in respiratory and gastrointestinal infections at the Grand Magal of Touba: the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic 图巴大Magal呼吸道和胃肠道感染的时间趋势：COVID-19大流行的影响

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101688

Coumba Diouf , Ihssane Ouaddane , Ndiaw Goumballa , Déguéne Fam , Hubert Bassene , Cheikh Sokhna , Philippe Gautret

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with changes in the epidemiology of other respiratory tract and gastrointestinal Infections.

Methods

Respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogen carriage was assessed by qPCR between 2017 and 2024 in 1327 participants comprising 837 pilgrims from villages in South Senegal and 490 patients consulting for respiratory symptoms at the Mbacké health care centre near Touba.

Results

Among pilgrims returning from the GMT, the overall prevalence of respiratory viruses significantly decreased during the pandemic years in Senegal (2020–2021). This was mostly due to rhinovirus and the prevalence of variations of endemic coronaviruses. In contrast, the prevalence of influenza viruses increased during the pandemic years. Overall, the prevalence of respiratory bacteria decreased during and after the pandemic, with the notable exception of Haemophilus spp. The prevalence of gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens decreased during the pandemic, which was mostly due to a decrease in various Escherichia coli pathotypes,.

In mbacké patients

influenza A virus was the most common virus, and its prevalence was significantly higher during and after the pandemic, while the prevalence of other respiratory viruses decreased over time from 2018 until 2024. Infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis increased during the COVID-19 period, while that of S. aureus decreased.

Conclusion

Significant variations in the prevalence of respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens were observed among pilgrims participating in the GMT during the COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal. This could be due to changes in individual non-pharmaceutical preventive measures during the pandemic period as well as changes in the demographic profile of participants.

背景2019冠状病毒病大流行与其他呼吸道和胃肠道感染的流行病学变化有关。方法采用qPCR方法对2017 - 2024年间1327名参与者的呼吸道和胃肠道病原体携带情况进行评估，其中包括来自塞内加尔南部村庄的837名朝圣者和在图巴附近的mback卫生保健中心就诊的490名呼吸道症状患者。结果在塞内加尔大流行年份（2020-2021年），从格林尼治标准时间返回的朝圣者中，呼吸道病毒的总体流行率显著下降。这主要是由于鼻病毒和地方性冠状病毒变异的流行。相比之下，流感病毒的流行率在大流行年份有所增加。总体而言，在大流行期间和之后，呼吸道细菌的患病率有所下降，但血友菌属除外。胃肠道细菌病原体的患病率在大流行期间有所下降，这主要是由于各种大肠杆菌病原菌的减少。在澳大利亚患者中，甲型流感病毒是最常见的病毒，在大流行期间和之后，其流行率明显较高，而从2018年到2024年，其他呼吸道病毒的流行率随着时间的推移而下降。肺炎链球菌和卡他莫拉菌感染在新冠肺炎期间呈上升趋势，金黄色葡萄球菌感染呈下降趋势。结论在塞内加尔2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，参与GMT的朝觐者中呼吸道和胃肠道病原体的患病率存在显著差异。这可能是由于大流行期间个别非药物预防措施的变化以及参与者人口结构的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Resilience and residuals beyond containment — The hidden burden of Bundibugyo Ebola virus survivorship sixteen years on: A cross-sectional observational study 恢复力和控制之外的残余——16年来本迪布焦埃博拉病毒幸存者的隐藏负担：一项横断面观察研究

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101685

Raymond Ernest Kaweesa , Joseph Ssebwana Katende , Raymond Reuel Wayesu , Annie Daphine Ntabadde , Solomon Opio , Laban Kato , Gerald Kevin Oluka , Ruth Nambi , Rodney Abraham Tumusiime , the FiloStudy Team, Pontiano Kaleebu , Julius Julian Lutwama , Jennifer Serwanga

Background

Long-term effects of Ebola disease (EBOD) are well documented for Ebolavirus (EBOV), but limited data exist for Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD) caused by Bundibugyo Ebola virus (BDBV), a genetically distinct strain.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving 40 laboratory-confirmed BVD survivors and 23 age- and sex-matched unexposed community controls to evaluate the long-term clinical, biochemical, immunological, and psychosocial sequelae associated with BDBV infection. Participants underwent comprehensive clinical evaluations, laboratory testing, and standardised mental health assessments. Statistical comparisons used rank-sum, chi-squared, and correlation analyses.

Findings

Survivors exhibited persistent multisystem symptoms, with neurological and musculoskeletal complaints most frequent, headaches (35 %) and visual disturbances (22.5 %). Laboratory findings showed elevated basophils (40 %) and urinary ketones (5 %), indicating possible chronic inflammation and metabolic shifts. Respiratory rates were significantly reduced in survivors (p < 0.001), while other vital signs and biochemical markers were largely within normal ranges. Despite high resilience, 70 % with normal anxiety scores and 62.5 % with normal depression scores, 57.5 % reported persistent stigma. Survivors also exhibited unique physiological correlations, suggestive of post-infectious homeostatic changes.

Conclusion

BVD survivors experience long-term multisystem sequelae and physiological remodeling. These findings support the need for virus-specific post-BVD care and sustained follow-up to inform survivor health policy.

埃博拉病毒（EBOV）对埃博拉病（EBOD）的长期影响有充分的记录，但由本迪布焦埃博拉病毒（BDBV）引起的本迪布焦病毒病（BVD）的数据有限，本迪布焦病毒是一种遗传上独特的毒株。方法我们进行了一项横断面观察性研究，包括40名实验室确诊的BVD幸存者和23名年龄和性别匹配的未暴露社区对照，以评估BDBV感染相关的长期临床、生化、免疫学和社会心理后遗症。参与者接受了全面的临床评估、实验室测试和标准化的心理健康评估。统计比较采用秩和、卡方和相关分析。幸存者表现出持续的多系统症状，最常见的是神经系统和肌肉骨骼疾病，头痛（35%）和视力障碍（22.5%）。实验室结果显示嗜碱性粒细胞（40%）和尿酮（5%）升高，提示可能的慢性炎症和代谢变化。幸存者的呼吸频率显著降低（p < 0.001），而其他生命体征和生化指标基本在正常范围内。尽管有很高的恢复力，70%的焦虑得分正常，62.5%的抑郁得分正常，57.5%的人报告持续的耻辱。幸存者也表现出独特的生理相关性，提示感染后体内平衡变化。结论bvd患者存在长期的多系统后遗症和生理重构。这些发现支持需要针对病毒的bvd后护理和持续随访，为幸存者健康政策提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

A letter in response to the article in new microbes and new infections entitled “Shortage of praziquantel in Europe: a clarion call for urgent action” 这封信是对《新微生物和新感染》上题为《欧洲吡喹酮短缺：呼吁采取紧急行动》的文章的回应

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101683

Johannes Waltz, Harald Nusser

引用次数: 0

A case of disseminated intravascular coagulation by leptospirosis during the ongoing yellow fever outbreak in Colombia 哥伦比亚正在发生的黄热病暴发期间钩端螺旋体病引起的播散性血管内凝血病例

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101684

Cindy Alejandra Bonilla-Sánchez , Ayleen Rivera-Tenorio , Andrea Álvarez , Jaime Cortés , Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez

引用次数: 0

Engineering Nipah virus: Reverse genetics as a gateway to novel drug discovery 尼帕病毒工程：反向遗传学作为新药物发现的门户

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101682

Muralidharan Menon Arjun, Gopinathan Pillai Sreekanth

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic and re-emerging virus that requires containment in biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories. The limited accessibility of these high-security facilities poses major obstacles to investigating immunopathogenesis and developing effective antiviral treatments. Reverse genetics allows manipulation of viral genomes without the need to handle the wild-type virus and has become instrumental in understanding NiV pathogenesis and advancing therapeutic research. These tools have proven vital for other high-containment viruses, notably during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and have been adapted effectively for NiV. Reverse genetics-derived systems were used to evaluate the drug candidates in the preclinical studies of NiV, with several candidates in the development pipeline. This narrative review summarizes established reverse genetics and pseudotyping methodologies for NiV, highlighting their contributions to understanding viral pathogenesis and accelerating vaccine and therapeutic development.

尼帕病毒（NiV）是一种高致病性和重新出现的病毒，需要在生物安全4级（BSL-4）实验室中进行控制。这些高安全性设施的可及性有限，对研究免疫发病机制和开发有效的抗病毒治疗方法构成了主要障碍。反向遗传学允许在不需要处理野生型病毒的情况下操纵病毒基因组，并已成为了解NiV发病机制和推进治疗研究的工具。事实证明，这些工具对其他高遏制性病毒至关重要，特别是在SARS-CoV-2大流行期间，并且已有效适用于NiV。反向遗传学衍生系统用于评估NiV临床前研究中的候选药物，其中一些候选药物正在开发中。这篇叙述性综述总结了已建立的NiV的反向遗传学和假分型方法，强调了它们对了解病毒发病机制和加速疫苗和治疗开发的贡献。

引用次数: 0

Improving antibiotic prescribing in LMICs: Insights from an outpatient clinic in Pakistan 改善中低收入国家的抗生素处方：来自巴基斯坦门诊诊所的见解

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101680

Tamim Khawaja , Mikael Kajova , Anu Kantele

Background

Most human antibiotic use occurs in outpatient care and is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Although sales statistics suggest that high-income countries consume more antibiotics overall, the steepest growth is seen in low- and middle-income countries. Sales data – incomplete and non-transparent – reveal little about prescriptions to individual patients. Detailed, clinic-level data are essential for identifying targets for stewardship.

We investigated antibiotic use and prescription appropriateness in an outpatient clinic in Pakistan – a country with some of the world's highest reported AMR prevalences.

Methods

Patients attending an outpatient clinic near Lahore were interviewed immediately after their clinic visit and again one month later. Clinical data were collected through patient interviews, and antibiotic prescriptions were extracted from patient records.

Results

Of the 983 participants, 398 (40.5 %) were prescribed antibiotics at the primary visits. Metronidazole was the single most common agent, followed by first-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and amoxicillin–clavulanate; phenoxymethylpenicillin and amoxicillin were only minimally prescribed. One-third of prescriptions (33.2 %) were combination regimens, 90.2 % of which included metronidazole. Guideline-concordant first- or second-line choices accounted for only 23.4 % of prescriptions.

Of all patients, 493 (50.2 %) attended a one-month control visit. Of these, 233 (47.3 %) also saw a practitioner during the visit; 73 of them (31.3 %) were prescribed antibiotics.

Conclusions

Antibiotic prescribing was excessive and discordant with recommended first-line therapies, favouring broad-spectrum agents and combination treatments – practices likely influenced by the negligible time available per patient. Our findings highlight the need to adapt antimicrobial stewardship interventions to limited-resource contexts.

大多数人类抗生素的使用发生在门诊，是抗生素耐药性（AMR）的关键驱动因素。尽管销售统计数据表明，高收入国家总体上消耗更多的抗生素，但低收入和中等收入国家的增长最快。销售数据——不完整且不透明——几乎没有透露给个别患者的处方。详细的临床数据对于确定管理目标至关重要。我们调查了巴基斯坦一家门诊诊所的抗生素使用和处方适当性——巴基斯坦是世界上报告的抗菌素耐药性患病率最高的国家之一。方法对在拉合尔附近门诊就诊的患者在就诊后立即进行访谈，一个月后再次进行访谈。通过患者访谈收集临床资料，并从患者记录中提取抗生素处方。结果983名参与者中，398名（40.5%）在初次就诊时获得抗生素处方。甲硝唑是最常见的单一药物，其次是第一代头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮类药物和阿莫西林-克拉维酸酯；苯氧苄青霉素和阿莫西林只是最低限度的处方。三分之一（33.2%）处方为联合用药方案，其中含甲硝唑的占90.2%。符合指南的一线或二线选择仅占处方的23.4%。在所有患者中，493人（50.2%）参加了为期一个月的对照访问。其中233人（47.3%）在访视期间也看了医生；其中73例（31.3%）使用抗生素。结论抗生素处方过多，与推荐的一线治疗不一致，更倾向于广谱药物和联合治疗——这种做法可能受到每位患者可忽略不计的可用时间的影响。我们的研究结果强调了在资源有限的情况下调整抗菌药物管理干预措施的必要性。

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引用次数: 0