New Microbes and New Infections最新文献

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Influenza A(H3N2) subclade K (J.2.4.1): epidemiology in Asia, clinical context, and the “superflu” framing 甲型流感（H3N2）亚支K (J.2.4.1)：亚洲流行病学、临床背景和“超级流感”框架

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2026.101703

Timotius Ivan Hariyanto

引用次数: 0

First-ever imported case of clade Ib Mpox in Senegal 塞内加尔出现首例输入性病例

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2026.101700

Martin Faye , Abdourahmane Sow , Mamadou Aliou Barry , Papa samba Dieye , Boly Diop , Ndeye Codou Sall , Boubacar Diallo , Serigne Fallou MBacké Ngom , Aminata Massaly , Fatou Diène Thiaw , Viviane Marie Pierre Cisse , Landry Gérard Boussiengui , Daye Ka , Ousmane Faye , NDongo Dia , Moussa Seydi , El Hadj Mamadou Ndiaye , Ibrahima Socé Fall

引用次数: 0

Staphylococcus pettenkoferi: first report from blood culture in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 佩滕科氏葡萄球菌：巴西里约热内卢地区首次血培养报告

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2026.101697

Bruna Ribeiro Sued-Karam , Julianna Giordano Botelho Olivella , Ana Paula D'Alincourt Carvalho-Assef , Ana Luiza Mattos-Guaraldi , Paula Marcele Afonso Pereira Ribeiro

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the efficacy of plant-derived essential oils against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis 评估植物源性精油对结核分枝杆菌的疗效：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2026.101699

Seyyed Mohammad Amin Mousavi-Sagharchi , Mina Rezghi Rami , Hanieh Hasani , Maede Mohammad Ghasemi , Maryam Farahhal , Amir Hossein Hasani , Seyyedeh Fatemeh Seyyedian-Nikjeh , Maryam Meskini , Seyed Davar Siadat

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains a major global health challenge, exacerbated by the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. Limitations in current antibiotic therapies have intensified interest in alternative antimicrobials, including plant-derived phytochemicals. Essential oils (EOs), with their complex chemical composition and long-standing traditional use, represent promising candidates for novel anti-TB agents. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of plant-derived EOs. Following PRISMA guidelines, four major databases, Scopus, MEDLINE Central/PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, were searched through May 31, 2025, and 31 eligible studies were included after screening and quality assessment. Descriptive and comparative analyses of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were performed using R software. The results revealed substantial variability in EO efficacy across plant species and geographic origins. The most potent activity was observed in Euclea sp. and Croton sp., which showed exceptionally low MICs of 1 μg/mL and 4.88 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, EOs from Dichrostachys cinerea, Dorstenia elliptica, Imperata cylindrica, Mondia whitei, Pentadiplandra brazzeana, and Tetrapleura tetraptera exhibited weaker effects, with MICs up to 2048 μg/mL. Plant anatomical sources also influenced activity, with leaves and stems showing higher efficacy than roots and fruits. Overall, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of specific EOs as adjunct or alternative treatments for DR-TB. Further studies involving compound standardization, and in vivo validation are necessary to support their development into clinically applicable anti-TB agents.

结核分枝杆菌（MTB）是结核病（TB）的病原体，仍然是一项重大的全球卫生挑战，多药耐药（MDR）和广泛耐药（XDR）菌株的增加加剧了这一挑战。目前抗生素治疗的局限性增强了人们对替代抗菌剂的兴趣，包括植物源性植物化学物质。精油具有复杂的化学成分和长期的传统用途，是新型抗结核药物的有希望的候选者。本研究通过系统综述和荟萃分析来评价植物源性EOs的体外抑菌活性。按照PRISMA指南，检索截止2025年5月31日的四大数据库Scopus、MEDLINE Central/PubMed、Embase和Web of Science，筛选和质量评估后纳入31项符合条件的研究。使用R软件对最低抑菌浓度（mic）进行描述性和比较分析。结果显示，不同植物种类和地理来源的EO效果存在很大差异。其中Euclea sp.和Croton sp.的活性最强，其mic值分别为1 μg/mL和4.88 μg/mL。相比之下，灰竹、椭圆菇、白茅、白刺、巴西五角草和四翅四种植物的eoh对其影响较弱，mic均为2048 μg/mL。植物解剖来源也影响活性，叶和茎比根和果实表现出更高的功效。总的来说，这些发现突出了特异性EOs作为耐药结核病辅助或替代治疗的治疗潜力。进一步的研究包括化合物标准化和体内验证，以支持其发展成为临床适用的抗结核药物。

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引用次数: 0

A community-based focal serosurvey for West Nile virus infection following a surge in cases in 2024 in Kerala, India: a cross-sectional analysis 印度喀拉拉邦2024年病例激增后开展的西尼罗病毒感染社区焦点血清调查：横断面分析

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2026.101698

Chandhu Balachandran , Sakib Akther Pattassery , Babasaheb V. Tandale , Vijay Parashramji Bondre , Veetilakath Jithesh , Mohammed Asharu Jaman , Bhavya Fernandez , S. Harikumar , R. Balasubramanian , Anisha Pulinchani , B.M. Prema , Datta K. Butte , Abhijeet V. Jadhav

Background

From January to May of 2024, 27 cases of neuroinvasive disease due to West Nile Virus (WNV) were confirmed from Kerala. The number of cases were more than those seen over past three years combined. Cases were not clustered geographically and were primarily reported from four districts, viz, Kozhikode, Thrissur, Malappuram and Ernakulum. To understand the circulation of WNV, a focal serosurvey was conducted in the regions from where cases were reported.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was done in four districts of Kerala. Patients, family members and immediate neighbours were recruited at each case location. From 27 clusters across 26 villages/localities, 751 blood samples were collected. Due to cross-reactivity of WNV antibodies and that of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus, a micro-neutralization assay was done against both these viruses for all the samples.

Results

The seropositivity of WNV infection was found to be 29.96 % (26.68–33.24). Males had higher seropositivity than females, though the difference was not statistically significant. The overall seropositivity was higher compared to previously published studies. There was no significant difference in seropositivity across age-groups and sex. Seropositivity of JE infection was 1.86 % (0.90–2.83).

Discussion

Though a smaller proportion of infected get neurological involvement, WNV seropositivity among considerable number of people in a wide geography of the state is a public health concern.

Conclusion

To deal with this concern, more studies on bird-human interaction and larger serosurveys might be needed. Close monitoring and intervention planning are warranted to control possible future WNV spread.

背景2024年1 - 5月，在喀拉拉邦报告了27例西尼罗病毒（WNV）神经侵袭性疾病。这一数字超过了过去三年的总和。病例未在地理上聚集，主要报告来自4个县，即Kozhikode、Thrissur、Malappuram和Ernakulum。为了解西尼罗河病毒的传播情况，在报告病例的地区进行了焦点血清调查。方法在喀拉拉邦4个区进行横断面研究。在每个病例地点招募患者、家属和直系邻居。从26个村庄/地区的27个聚集性病例中采集了751份血液样本。由于西尼罗河病毒抗体与日本脑炎病毒抗体具有交叉反应性，对所有样本进行了对这两种病毒的微中和试验。结果WNV血清阳性率为29.96%（26.68 ~ 33.24）。男性血清阳性率高于女性，但差异无统计学意义。与之前发表的研究相比，总体血清阳性率更高。血清阳性率在不同年龄组和性别间无显著差异。血清乙脑阳性率为1.86%（0.90 ~ 2.83）。尽管一小部分感染者出现神经系统疾病，但在该州广泛的地理区域内，相当多的人出现西尼罗河病毒血清阳性反应，这是一个公共卫生问题。结论为解决这一问题，需要开展更多的人鸟互动研究和更大规模的血清调查。有必要进行密切监测和制定干预计划，以控制西尼罗河病毒未来可能的传播。

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引用次数: 0

Mycobacterium polyniensis sp.nov, a non-tuberculous mycobacterium clinical isolate from Tahiti, French Polynesia polyniensis sp.nov，一种在法属波利尼西亚塔希提岛临床分离的非结核分枝杆菌

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101691

M.L. Keita , M. Morsli , M. Drancourt , M. Levy , G. Grine

In this study, we investigated a previously unidentified respiratory tract isolate, CSUR_Q5927, collected in Tahiti, French Polynesia. Through a comprehensive polyphasic approach combining phenotypic traits with whole genome sequencing, we sought to elucidate the identity and characteristics of this isolate. After cultivating colonies in Middlebrook 7H10 at 37 °C for nine days, we observed acid-fast bacilli under microscopic examination and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Additionally, electron microscopy revealed the presence of unsporulated bacilli, approximately 1.27 μm ± 0.26 μm in size, displaying morphology consistent with that of a mycobacterium. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry provided an identification score of 1.42, indicating a low confidence level. However, clustering analysis grouped isolate CSUR_Q5927 within the Mycobacterium terrae complex. Whole genome sequencing unveiled a CG-content of 68.5 % and a coding ratio of 93.6 %, comprising 4337 genes encoding proteins, 55 tRNA genes, and two rRNA. Further comparison with reference strain Mycobacterium terrae NCTC 10856 using DNA-DNA hybridisation values revealed a similarity of 35.8 %, confirming the presence of a new species within the M. terrae complex. In vitro susceptibility testing demonstrated the isolate's susceptibility to eight antimicrobials and resistance to five others. After meticulously conducting appropriate negative controls and analysing all the data, we propose the name Mycobacterium polyniensis for this novel M. terrae species, with isolate CSUR_Q5927 serving as the prototype strain. This discovery expands our understanding of the microbial diversity in the Polynesian region and highlights the importance of combining advanced techniques to accurately characterise and classify previously unknown mycobacteria species.

在这项研究中，我们调查了在法属波利尼西亚塔希提岛收集的以前未被识别的呼吸道分离物CSUR_Q5927。通过综合多相方法结合表型性状和全基因组测序，我们试图阐明该分离物的身份和特征。在Middlebrook 7H10培养基中37℃培养9天后，镜检和Ziehl-Neelsen染色观察到抗酸杆菌。电镜下可见无孢子杆菌，大小约为1.27 μm±0.26 μm，形态与分枝杆菌一致。基质辅助激光解吸/电离质谱法鉴定得分为1.42，表明置信度较低。然而，聚类分析将分离物CSUR_Q5927归为terrrae分枝杆菌复合体。全基因组测序显示，cg含量为68.5%，编码率为93.6%，包含4337个编码蛋白质的基因，55个tRNA基因和2个rRNA。进一步利用DNA-DNA杂交值与参考菌株terrrae分枝杆菌NCTC 10856进行比较，发现相似性为35.8%，证实在M. terrae复合体中存在一个新种。体外药敏试验表明该分离物对8种抗菌素敏感，对另外5种抗菌素耐药。经过严格的阴性对照和所有数据分析，我们以分离物CSUR_Q5927作为原型菌株，为这一新的陆地分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium polyniensis）命名。这一发现扩大了我们对波利尼西亚地区微生物多样性的理解，并强调了结合先进技术准确表征和分类以前未知分枝杆菌物种的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Yellow fever among captive non-human primates in La Paz, Bolivia, 2025 2025年，玻利维亚拉巴斯圈养的非人灵长类动物感染黄热病

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101695

Juan Pablo Escalera-Antezana , Jorge Luis Aviles-Sarmiento , Claudia Marcela Montenegro-Narvaez , Hugo Antonio Castro-Calderon , Jorge Luis Bonilla-Aldana , D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana , Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

引用次数: 0

The role of fuzzy logic in malaria transmission 模糊逻辑在疟疾传播中的作用

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101694

Gizachew Tirite Gellow , D.L. Suthar

Fuzzy logic is typically used to create fuzzy rules that are simple enough for people to understand, and it has been utilized in numerous industries where uncertainty is important. One outstanding example of ambiguity and uncertainty is medical diagnosis. We employ fuzzy logic, which builds a logic as the foundation for inference rules using the entire real number range between zero and one. Three things set it apart: it makes use of linguistic variables; it represents relationships between variables using conditional statements; and for complex relations, it employs fuzzy algorithms.

模糊逻辑通常用于创建简单到足以让人们理解的模糊规则，并且它已被用于许多不确定性很重要的行业。模棱两可和不确定性的一个突出例子是医疗诊断。我们采用模糊逻辑，它利用0到1之间的整个实数范围建立一个逻辑作为推理规则的基础。有三点使它与众不同：它利用了语言变量；它使用条件语句表示变量之间的关系；对于复杂关系，采用模糊算法。

引用次数: 0

Optimizing health care delivery by adapting diagnostics in a low-resource setting: The case of San Miguel Hospital, Sucumbíos, Ecuador 通过在低资源环境中调整诊断方法来优化卫生保健服务：厄瓜多尔圣米格尔医院Sucumbíos的案例

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101696

Willemijn Johanna Catharina van Keizerswaard , Jacob van der Ende , Carolien Maria Bouwman , Maria Vanessa Dávila Campos , Martin Peter Grobusch

Background

To strategically optimize diagnostic capacity in a low-resource, rural hospital setting, we developed a systematic evaluation of diagnostic tool needs and associated costs. This local data-driven method, accounting for patient characteristics and disease prevalence, can be adapted to other contexts.

Methods

A retrospective patient record analysis was conducted at San Miguel Hospital (SMH) in Sucumbíos, Ecuador, which provides outpatient and emergency care to inhabitants of the Ecuadorian and Colombian Amazon basin. Ethics approval was granted retrospectively by the Research Ethics Committee on Human Beings of the Universidad San Francisco de Quito.

Data was retrieved from electronic medical records (EMRs) of the first 796 patients seen after hospital opening. For each of the 1975 diagnoses made, patient characteristics and the presence or absence of appropriate diagnostic tools were recorded. Unavailable tools were further evaluated for accessibility within the local context.

Results

Serving a population primarily of mixed and indigenous ethnicities, SMH confirmed 66 % of diagnoses using existing resources, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) fungal microscopy, chikungunya and influenza rapid tests, and access to anatomical pathology identified as the diagnostic tools offering the highest return on investment.

Conclusions

Data from SMH's EMRs suggest which diagnostic tools would offer the greatest return on investment through increased diagnostic confirmation. This evaluation tool supports improved health care delivery at SMH and, with adaptation, can be applied in comparable health care settings.

Trial registration

N/A.

背景：为了在资源匮乏的农村医院环境中战略性地优化诊断能力，我们对诊断工具需求和相关成本进行了系统评估。这种本地数据驱动的方法，考虑到患者特征和疾病流行情况，可以适用于其他情况。方法回顾性分析厄瓜多尔Sucumbíos的圣米格尔医院（SMH）的患者记录，该医院为厄瓜多尔和哥伦比亚亚马逊流域的居民提供门诊和急诊服务。伦理批准是由基多旧金山大学人类研究伦理委员会回顾性批准的。数据从医院开业后的前796名患者的电子医疗记录（emr）中检索。对于1975个诊断中的每一个，记录了患者的特征和是否有适当的诊断工具。不可用的工具被进一步评估在本地环境中的可访问性。结果SMH主要服务于混合族裔和土著族裔人群，利用现有资源确诊66%的诊断，其中氢氧化钾（KOH）真菌显微镜、基孔肯雅热和流感快速检测以及获得解剖病理学被确定为提供最高投资回报的诊断工具。结论：SMH的电子病历数据表明，通过增加诊断确认，哪些诊断工具可以提供最大的投资回报。这一评估工具支持改进SMH的卫生保健服务，并经过调整，可应用于可比的卫生保健环境。审判registrationN /。

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引用次数: 0

Homologous and heterologous booster of COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis COVID-19疫苗同源和异源增强剂：系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 5.4 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2025.101692

Rejwana Haque Pial , Sumyta Rahman , Iffat Nowrin Tuly , Md Zamiur Rahaman , Sushant Sahastrabuddhe , Hee Soo Kim , Tarun Saluja , K.M. Saif-Ur-Rahman

To address waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections caused by various variants of concern (VOC), experts have recommended heterologous booster vaccination as a strategy to enhance long-term immunity. Therefore, this study aimed to review available data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the relative efficacy and safety of heterologous booster vaccines versus homologous booster vaccines.

We conducted a comprehensive search of relevant studies up to July 10, 2024 using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (core collection), Cochrane, and Scopus. From 13,476 potential articles screened at the title abstract level and 191 full-text articles, we included four RCTs that assessed the safety and efficacy of heterologous booster vaccines compared to homologous booster vaccines.

The meta-analysis indicated that a heterologous booster vaccine likely results in little to no difference compared to a homologous booster vaccine in preventing confirmed COVID-19 infections. The relative efficacy of the heterologous booster compared to the homologous booster was estimated at 31 % (OR: 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.40 to 1.18), 4 trials, 3943 participants, moderate certainty of evidence). None of the Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) reported in the RCTs were assessed as related to vaccination.

Although the relative efficacy evidence suggests little to no difference between heterologous and homologous boosters, a directional trend favoring heterologous booster regimens was observed. The variation in follow-up periods across included studies suggests the need for more in-depth and long-term studies to further investigate this issue. Such research will help policymakers develop informed vaccination strategies, particularly in situations of vaccine shortages and high demand during future outbreaks.

为了应对由各种关注变体（VOC）引起的SARS-CoV-2感染浪潮，专家们建议将异种强化疫苗接种作为增强长期免疫力的策略。因此，本研究旨在回顾随机对照试验（RCTs）的现有数据，比较异源加强疫苗与同源加强疫苗的相对疗效和安全性。我们使用PubMed、Embase、Web of Science（核心馆藏）、Cochrane和Scopus对截止到2024年7月10日的相关研究进行了全面检索。在标题摘要级别筛选的13,476篇潜在文章和191篇全文文章中，我们纳入了4项随机对照试验，比较异种加强疫苗与同源加强疫苗的安全性和有效性。荟萃分析表明，与同源加强疫苗相比，异源加强疫苗在预防COVID-19确诊感染方面可能几乎没有差异。与同源增强剂相比，异种增强剂的相对疗效估计为31% (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.40至1.18)，4项试验，3943名参与者，证据确定性中等)。随机对照试验中报告的严重不良事件（SAEs）均未被评估为与疫苗接种有关。尽管相对疗效证据表明异体和同源增强剂之间几乎没有差异，但观察到偏向异体增强剂方案的方向性趋势。纳入研究的随访期的差异表明需要更深入和长期的研究来进一步调查这一问题。这种研究将有助于决策者制定知情的疫苗接种战略，特别是在疫苗短缺和未来疫情期间需求高的情况下。

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