New Microbes and New Infections最新文献

英文中文

Identification of clade-defining single nucleotide polymorphisms for improved rabies virus surveillance 鉴定确定支系的单核苷酸多态性以改进狂犬病病毒监测工作

IF 2.9 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101511

Ankeet Kumar, Sheetal Tushir, Yashas Devasurmutt, Sujith S. Nath, Utpal Tatu

Background

Rabies is an ancient disease that remains endemic in many countries. It causes many human deaths annually, predominantly in resource-poor countries. Over evolutionary timelines, several rabies virus (RABV) genotypes have stabilised, forming distinct clades. Extensive studies have been conducted on the origin, occurrence and spread of RABV clades. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distribution across the RABV genome and its clades remains largely unknown, highlighting the need for comprehensive whole-genome analyses.

Methods

We accessed whole genome sequences for RABV from public databases and identified SNPs across the whole genome sequences. Then, we annotated these SNPs using an R script, and these SNPs were categorised into different categories; universal, clade-specific, and clade-defining, based on the frequency of occurrence.

Results

In this study, we present the SNPs occurring in the RABV based on whole genome sequences belonging to 8 clades isolated from 7 different host species likely to harbour dog-related rabies. We classified mutations into several classes based on their location within the genome and assessed the effect of SNP mutations on the viral glycoprotein.

Conclusions

The clade-defining mutations have implications for targeted surveillance and classification of clades. Additionally, we investigated the effects of these mutations on the Glycoprotein of the virus. Our findings contribute to expanding knowledge about RABV clade diversity and evolution, which has significant implications for effectively tracking and combatting RABV transmission.

背景狂犬病是一种古老的疾病，在许多国家仍然流行。它每年造成许多人死亡，主要发生在资源贫乏的国家。在进化过程中，多种狂犬病病毒（RABV）基因型趋于稳定，形成了不同的支系。人们对狂犬病毒支系的起源、发生和传播进行了广泛的研究。我们从公共数据库中获取了 RABV 的全基因组序列，并鉴定了全基因组序列中的 SNPs。然后，我们使用 R 脚本对这些 SNP 进行了注释，并根据这些 SNP 的出现频率将其分为不同类别：通用型、支系特异性和支系定义型。结果在本研究中，我们根据从可能携带与狗有关的狂犬病的 7 种不同宿主物种中分离出的 8 个支系的全基因组序列，展示了 RABV 中出现的 SNP。我们根据突变在基因组中的位置将其分为几类，并评估了 SNP 突变对病毒糖蛋白的影响。此外，我们还研究了这些突变对病毒糖蛋白的影响。我们的研究结果有助于扩展有关 RABV 支系多样性和进化的知识，这对有效追踪和抗击 RABV 传播具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Pakistan's first MERS-CoV case: A wake up call for global health authorities 巴基斯坦首例 MERS-CoV 病例：为全球卫生机构敲响警钟

IF 2.9 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101516

Keita Wagatsuma

引用次数: 0

Murine typhus outbreak: Emergence of a new public health concerns in India 鼠伤寒爆发：印度出现新的公共卫生问题

IF 2.9 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101514

Mahendra Singh , Ashok Kumar Balaraman , Rachana Mehta, Sanjit Sah

引用次数: 0

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Japan, 2023 2023 年从日本儿童中分离的肺炎链球菌血清型分布和抗菌药耐药性

IF 2.9 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101513

Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya , Noriko Urushibara , Meiji Soe Aung , Nobuhide Ohashi , Sho Tsutida , Kayo Kurashita , Masahiko Ito , Nobumichi Kobayashi

Background

The prevalence of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae was characterized among children thirteen years after the licensure of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in Japan.

Methods

A total of 353 pneumococcal isolates were collected from Japanese children between March and July 2023. All the isolates were serotyped using genetic methods and tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents.

Results

Among the 353 isolates, the prevalence rates of non-PCV13 and non-PCV20 serotypes were 96.9 % and 77.9 %, respectively, including the dominant non-PCV13/PCV20 serotypes 23A (16.1 %), 35B (15.3 %), 15A (10.5 %), 15C (9.3 %), and 34 (9.1 %), which accounted for 60.3 % of all isolates. The high non-susceptibility rates were observed for macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin; ≥81.9 %) and tetracycline (80.7 %). Penicillin non-susceptibility and multidrug resistance (MDR) were detected in 49.9 % (6.8 % resistant and 43.1 % intermediate) and 68.3 % of the isolates, respectively. The three most common non-PCV13/PCV20 serotypes 15A, 23A, and 35B exhibited high prevalence rates of penicillin non-susceptibility (≥89.5 %) and MDR (≥81.5 %). Extensive drug resistance was observed in 10.5 % of all isolates belonging to six different serotypes (12F, 23A, 11A, 15A, 35B, and 15B) and in the non-encapsulated strains of S. pneumoniae.

Conclusions

Our study revealed a higher prevalence of non-susceptibility to penicillin with MDR in the three most common non-PCV13/PCV20 serotypes 15A, 23A, and 35B, in Japan, suggesting their persistence in the PCV13 era.

背景研究了肺炎链球菌结合疫苗（PCV）在日本获得接种许可13年后，肺炎链球菌血清型和抗菌药耐药性在儿童中的流行情况。方法在2023年3月至7月期间从日本儿童中收集了353株肺炎链球菌分离株。结果在 353 株分离株中，非 PCV13 和非 PCV20 血清型的流行率分别为 96.9 % 和 77.9 %，而非 PCV20 血清型的流行率分别为 96.9 % 和 77.9 %，而非 PCV13 血清型的流行率分别为 96.9 % 和 77.9 %，而非 PCV20 血清型的流行率分别为 96.9 % 和 77.9 %。9% 和 77.9%，其中主要的非 PCV13/PCV20 血清型为 23A（16.1%）、35B（15.3%）、15A（10.5%）、15C（9.3%）和 34（9.1%），占所有分离株的 60.3%。大环内酯类（红霉素、阿奇霉素和克拉霉素；≥81.9%）和四环素（80.7%）的非敏感率较高。49.9%的分离株（6.8%耐药，43.1%中间耐药）和68.3%的分离株检测出青霉素非敏感性和多药耐药性（MDR）。三种最常见的非 PCV13/PCV20 血清型 15A、23A 和 35B 表现出较高的青霉素不敏感率（≥89.5%）和 MDR（≥81.5%）。结论我们的研究发现，在日本最常见的三种非 PCV13/PCV20 血清型 15A、23A 和 35B 中，青霉素非敏感性和 MDR 的流行率较高，这表明它们在 PCV13 时代仍然存在。

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引用次数: 0

Ocular thelaziosis (Thelazia lacrymalis) in a harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) from Colombia 哥伦比亚一只鹞鹰（Harpia harpyja）的眼部蝶形花（Thelazia lacrymalis）病

IF 2.9 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101512

Jorge Luis Bonilla-Aldana, Norma Constanza Ganem-Galindo, Gloria Elena Estrada-Cely, Martha Leonor Losada-Cordoba, Santiago Sarmiento-Gantiva, Marina Muñoz, Angie L. Ramírez, Luz H. Patiño, Juan David Ramírez, Alberto E. Paniz-Mondolfi, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana

引用次数: 0

Nepal's Japanese encephalitis outbreak and the urgent need for updated vaccination guidelines 尼泊尔爆发日本脑炎，亟需更新疫苗接种指南

IF 2.9 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101509

Amogh Verma, Sanjit Sah, Rachana Mehta, Ganesh Bushi, Ashok Kumar Balaraman, Sakshi Pandey, Manvinder Brar, Benjamin Wafula Simiyu

引用次数: 0

Molecular detection and phylogeny analysis of Coxiella burnetii detected from cattle and buffalo milk based on plasmid cbhE gene in West Azerbaijan of Iran 基于质粒 cbhE 基因对伊朗西阿塞拜疆从牛和水牛奶中检出的烧伤梭菌进行分子检测和系统发育分析

IF 2.9 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101495

Peyman Khademi , Amir Tukmechi , Abdulghaffar Ownagh

Humans and animals may get Q fever, which is caused by the Gram-negative coccobacillus Coxiella burnetii. The symptoms of Q fever may include a self-limiting febrile illness, pneumonia, endocarditis, or hepatitis. Infections are classified as either acute or persistent. Cattle, sheep, and goats are the most prevalent reservoir animals for this zoonosis. This research was conducted to identify C. burnetii using transposable and isocitrate dehydrogenase genes (IS1111, icd) and QpH1 plasmids. A total of 142 samples of raw buffalo and cow milk were collected from various locations within the West Azerbaijan region (see map). We used "nested" PCR techniques using primers based on the IS1111 and icd genes of C. burnetii, as well as conserved and variable portions of plasmid sequences, to identify C. burnetii and their plasmids in milk samples from buffalo and calves. Out of 142 milk samples that were positive for the chromosomal transposable genes (IS1111 and icd) at a rate of 16.9 percent (95 percent CI: 14.5 percent to 19.6 percent) and 7.1 % (95 percent CI: 5.59 percent to 9.08 percent), respectively, 86 samples were positive for the QpH1 plasmid at a rate of 60.5 percent (95 percent CI: 52.35 percent to 68.2 percent). Based on a phylogenetic study of the icd and QpH1 genes, the majority of the isolates had a similarity of 99.45–99.9 percent. Conclusion: It was determined that the buffalo population in West Azerbaijan province represents a significant epidemiological factor with respect to Q fever and consequently public health.

人类和动物都有可能感染 Q 热，它是由革兰氏阴性球菌烧伤柯西氏菌引起的。Q 热的症状可能包括自限性发热、肺炎、心内膜炎或肝炎。感染分为急性和持续性两种。牛、绵羊和山羊是这种人畜共患病最常见的蓄养动物。本研究利用转座基因、异柠檬酸脱氢酶基因（IS1111、icd）和 QpH1 质粒来鉴定烧伤蜱。我们从西阿塞拜疆地区的不同地点（见地图）共采集了 142 份生水牛和牛奶样本。我们采用 "嵌套 "PCR技术，使用基于烧伤弧菌IS1111和icd基因的引物以及质粒序列的保守和可变部分，来鉴定水牛和小牛牛奶样本中的烧伤弧菌及其质粒。在染色体转座基因（IS1111和icd）阳性率分别为16.9%（95% CI：14.5%至19.6%）和7.1%（95% CI：5.59%至9.08%）的142个牛奶样本中，86个样本的QpH1质粒阳性率为60.5%（95% CI：52.35%至68.2%）。根据对 icd 和 QpH1 基因的系统发育研究，大多数分离物的相似度为 99.45%-99.9%。结论可以确定，西阿塞拜疆省的水牛群体是 Q 热的一个重要流行病学因素，因此也是公共卫生的一个重要因素。

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引用次数: 0

Call for elimination program of Malaria among children under 5 years old living in refugee camps in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo 呼吁在生活在刚果民主共和国东部难民营的 5 岁以下儿童中实施消除疟疾计划

IF 2.9 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101508

Amidu Alhassan , Lydia Sope Ajala , Bella Ode , Muhammad Alanjiro , Sumaira Rehman , Jones Onesime , Elie Kihanduka , Christian Tague , Kanza Farhan , Styves Banga , Excellent Rugendabanga , Alvin Manga , Gift Joseph Mbwambo , Samson Hangi , Francois Rhugendabanga , Innocent Mufungizi , Muhammad Furqan , Maher Ali Rusho , Mayar Moustafa Budair , Aymar Akilimali , Leonard Sironge

Malaria is a significant public health challenge in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), with a high prevalence and mortality rate, particularly among children under five years old. This study examines the impact of malaria in eastern DR Congo, where armed conflict and humanitarian crises have resulted in overcrowded refugee and internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, exacerbating malaria transmission. Malnutrition, limited access to healthcare, and poor living conditions makes children under the age of five particularly vulnerable. Despite attempts by organizations such as the World Health Organization and various non-governmental organizations to supply insecticide-treated bed nets and antimalarial drugs, implementation in refugee camps is impeded by war, resource constraints, and insufficient healthcare facilities. A focused elimination approach that includes integrated vector control, enhanced diagnostic access, healthcare professional training, and community engagement is critical. Surveillance and research are critical for determining malaria prevalence and resistance patterns. Effective malaria treatment in refugee camps necessitates broad strategies to protect vulnerable children and lower disease burdens.

疟疾是刚果民主共和国（DR Congo）公共卫生面临的一项重大挑战，发病率和死亡率都很高，尤其是在五岁以下儿童中。在刚果民主共和国东部，武装冲突和人道主义危机导致难民营和境内流离失所者（IDP）营地人满为患，加剧了疟疾的传播。营养不良、获得医疗保健的机会有限以及恶劣的生活条件使五岁以下儿童尤其容易受到感染。尽管世界卫生组织等组织和各种非政府组织试图提供驱虫蚊帐和抗疟药物，但战争、资源限制和医疗设施不足阻碍了难民营的实施。必须采取重点突出的消除方法，包括综合病媒控制、加强诊断、医疗保健专业人员培训和社区参与。监测和研究对于确定疟疾流行率和抗药性模式至关重要。要在难民营中有效治疗疟疾，就必须采取广泛的战略来保护弱势儿童并降低疾病负担。

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引用次数: 0

New human H5N1 case: Should we worry? A genetic perspective 新的人类 H5N1 病例：我们应该担心吗？遗传学视角

IF 2.9 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101510

Francesco Branda, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa

引用次数: 0

Chandipura virus: A looming threat to children in India 钱迪普拉病毒：对印度儿童迫在眉睫的威胁

IF 2.9 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

New Microbes and New Infections

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101503

Priyanka Mohapatra, Ashok Kumar Balaraman, Rachana Mehta, Pramod Rawat, Sanjit Sah, Prakasini Satapathy

引用次数: 0

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