Late medieval highly decorated Falke-Group stoneware, produces most likely in Lusatia, have been considered by scholars as a luxury product. More than a hundred fragment have been found in today’s territory of Lubuskie voivodship, which in the turn of Late Middle Ages and Early Modern period was the borderland between Silesia, Lusatia, Brandenburg and Greater Poland. The analysis of the pieces from this area point to production in several different workshops, manufacturing also earthenware imitations. The context of analysed fragments indicate that they were used not only by aristocracy, nobility and clergy, but also aspiring burghers and possibly richer inhabitants of rural areas.
{"title":"Mirage of luxury? : Falke-Group pottery from the bordenland of Silesia, Lusatia, Brandenburg and Greater Poland","authors":"Sławomir Kałagate, A. Michalak","doi":"10.5817/ah2021-2-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/ah2021-2-11","url":null,"abstract":"Late medieval highly decorated Falke-Group stoneware, produces most likely in Lusatia, have been considered by scholars as a luxury product. More than a hundred fragment have been found in today’s territory of Lubuskie voivodship, which in the turn of Late Middle Ages and Early Modern period was the borderland between Silesia, Lusatia, Brandenburg and Greater Poland. The analysis of the pieces from this area point to production in several different workshops, manufacturing also earthenware imitations. The context of analysed fragments indicate that they were used not only by aristocracy, nobility and clergy, but also aspiring burghers and possibly richer inhabitants of rural areas.","PeriodicalId":38099,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71328426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miroslav Dejmal, Aleš Bajer, Mojmír Hrádek, Petr Kočár, Libor Petr, J. Petřík, Michaela Přišťáková, Michal Vágner
V povodi Bukovskeho potoka, mezi obcemi Střitěž a Habři, byly v 90. letech nalezeny pozůstatky zanikleho středověkeho rybnika. Tehdejsi geologický výzkum byl v nedavne doplněn o archeologickou sondaž, komplexni enviromentalni výzkum, nedestruktivni průzkum a historickou resersi. Vyhodnoceni ziskaných informaci přineslo nejen podrobnosti k dosud neznamemu středověkemu vodnimu dilu, ale diky dobře zachovanemu environmentalnimu zaznamu i k procesu osidlovani a vývoje krajiny v sirsim okoli od pravěku do novověku.
{"title":"Rybník Demalka: příspěvek k osídlení severovýchodní části Českomoravské vrchoviny ve středověku","authors":"Miroslav Dejmal, Aleš Bajer, Mojmír Hrádek, Petr Kočár, Libor Petr, J. Petřík, Michaela Přišťáková, Michal Vágner","doi":"10.5817/ah2021-2-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/ah2021-2-9","url":null,"abstract":"V povodi Bukovskeho potoka, mezi obcemi Střitěž a Habři, byly v 90. letech nalezeny pozůstatky zanikleho středověkeho rybnika. Tehdejsi geologický výzkum byl v nedavne doplněn o archeologickou sondaž, komplexni enviromentalni výzkum, nedestruktivni průzkum a historickou resersi. Vyhodnoceni ziskaných informaci přineslo nejen podrobnosti k dosud neznamemu středověkemu vodnimu dilu, ale diky dobře zachovanemu environmentalnimu zaznamu i k procesu osidlovani a vývoje krajiny v sirsim okoli od pravěku do novověku.","PeriodicalId":38099,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71328454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are known over twenty late-medieval, iron axes from Poland with significantly reduced sizes. Three of them were excavated in the borderland of Silesia, Greater Poland and Brandenburg from stronghold-castle and urban archaeological contexts. In the scholarship, these artefacts were considered amulets, toys, weapons, badges and tools. Author concludes that smaller specimens, could have been used as apotropaic amulets or objects related to the cult of St. Wolfgang, while larger axes, with hardened blades, were most likely specialized carpentry tools, adopted perhaps also in self-defense, if necessary.
{"title":"Preparing of life protecting against death? : observations pertaining to the late medieval miniature axes based on examples from the borderland of Greater Poland, Silesia and Brandenburg","authors":"A. Michalak","doi":"10.5817/ah2021-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/ah2021-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"There are known over twenty late-medieval, iron axes from Poland with significantly reduced sizes. Three of them were excavated in the borderland of Silesia, Greater Poland and Brandenburg from stronghold-castle and urban archaeological contexts. In the scholarship, these artefacts were considered amulets, toys, weapons, badges and tools. Author concludes that smaller specimens, could have been used as apotropaic amulets or objects related to the cult of St. Wolfgang, while larger axes, with hardened blades, were most likely specialized carpentry tools, adopted perhaps also in self-defense, if necessary.","PeriodicalId":38099,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71328096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Výskumy archeologickej expedície Užhorodskej národnej univerzity na hradoch v Zakarpatí","authors":"Igor Prochnenko, Maria Zhylenko","doi":"10.5817/ah2021-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/ah2021-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38099,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71328204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dřevěná konstrukce domu z Českých Budějovic z první poloviny 14. století","authors":"Ladislav Čapek, J. Militký","doi":"10.5817/ah2021-1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/ah2021-1-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38099,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71328239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: In Czech and Central European archaeological literature, miniature vessels made of whitish, finegrained clay and sometimes decorated with red paint and lead glaze have long been of interest. They are considered imports, the provenance of which is assumed to be west of our borders. They are found abundantly in medieval towns, rural households, aristocratic residences, and monasteries during the 13th and 14th centuries, mostly as solitary finds. Discussions are also taking place concerning their functions. They are thought to have served as vessels for spices, ointments, fragrant essences, or mostly as children’s toys, as they often appear in ceramic assemblages together with small ceramic figures. The specific group of this ceramic ware is referred to as weiße feine Irdenware in German literature, and is characterized by the high content of kaolin or kaolinitic clays in the ceramic mass, traces of wheel throwing and high firing temperatures in the oxidizing atmosphere. The aim of the paper is to analyse the vessels’ technology and morphology and solve the issues of their provenance, dating, and function. The aim is also to explain the possible ways in which these vessels made their way into a range of urban, aristocratic, and rural households. Special attention in two case studies is focused on white ceramics from Pilsen and České Budějovice, which has not yet been evaluated in the literature; this includes a petrographic analysis, which indicates a different origin of these products.
{"title":"Medieval white fine-grained kaolinitic ceramics in the Czech lands in finds from Pilsen and České Budějovice","authors":"L. Čapek, Jiří Orna, K. Slávicek, D. Všianský","doi":"10.5817/ah2021-1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/ah2021-1-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In Czech and Central European archaeological literature, miniature vessels made of whitish, finegrained clay and sometimes decorated with red paint and lead glaze have long been of interest. They are considered imports, the provenance of which is assumed to be west of our borders. They are found abundantly in medieval towns, rural households, aristocratic residences, and monasteries during the 13th and 14th centuries, mostly as solitary finds. Discussions are also taking place concerning their functions. They are thought to have served as vessels for spices, ointments, fragrant essences, or mostly as children’s toys, as they often appear in ceramic assemblages together with small ceramic figures. The specific group of this ceramic ware is referred to as weiße feine Irdenware in German literature, and is characterized by the high content of kaolin or kaolinitic clays in the ceramic mass, traces of wheel throwing and high firing temperatures in the oxidizing atmosphere. The aim of the paper is to analyse the vessels’ technology and morphology and solve the issues of their provenance, dating, and function. The aim is also to explain the possible ways in which these vessels made their way into a range of urban, aristocratic, and rural households. Special attention in two case studies is focused on white ceramics from Pilsen and České Budějovice, which has not yet been evaluated in the literature; this includes a petrographic analysis, which indicates a different origin of these products.","PeriodicalId":38099,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71328298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exploratory and rescue archaeological research in the village of Libkovice (distr. of Most) in 1991–1999, which was demolished due to planned coal mining, also focused on the parish church of St. Nicholas built there in the 1890s. Excavations have revealed well preserved masonry of the original Early-Gothic church from the 13th century and remains of an earlier structure, which can indicate a timber sacral building. Establishment of the earliest sacral building with an annexed graveyard in the nucleation core of the settlement represented an important phase of the stabilised village formation. Archaeology thus has brought direct material evidence of the process of the establishment of village parishes and graveyards. On-going research in Libkovice provides further extensive information, making it possible to verify results of the field research in the 1990s and broaden the potential of the site as an important reference sample for the wider programme focused on inhabited historical villages in Bohemia but also in wider European context.
{"title":"Archaeology of the St. Nicholas Church in demolished village of Libkovice (Liquitz) – excavations in 1995–1996 (North Bohemian Brown Coal Mining Area) : a contribution to the research of medieval village churches in Bohemia","authors":"Pavel Vařeka","doi":"10.5817/ah2020-1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/ah2020-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"Exploratory and rescue archaeological research in the village of Libkovice (distr. of Most) in 1991–1999, which was demolished due to planned coal mining, also focused on the parish church of St. Nicholas built there in the 1890s. Excavations have revealed well preserved masonry of the original Early-Gothic church from the 13th century and remains of an earlier structure, which can indicate a timber sacral building. Establishment of the earliest sacral building with an annexed graveyard in the nucleation core of the settlement represented an important phase of the stabilised village formation. Archaeology thus has brought direct material evidence of the process of the establishment of village parishes and graveyards. On-going research in Libkovice provides further extensive information, making it possible to verify results of the field research in the 1990s and broaden the potential of the site as an important reference sample for the wider programme focused on inhabited historical villages in Bohemia but also in wider European context.","PeriodicalId":38099,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71327813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Padesát let výzkumu Sázavského kláštera","authors":"Soňa Dvořáčková Hendrychová, Jan Kremer","doi":"10.5817/AH2020-2-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/AH2020-2-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38099,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71327831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The National Cultural Monument of the Pustý hrad castle in Zvolen towers majestically on a hill at the south edge of the town of Zvolen, in the heart of Slovakia. The interest in research into this site goes back to the 18th century. Modern archaeological research conducted annually since 1992 has confirmed the importance of the castle as the seat of the Zvolen County Committee and a favourite leisure and hunting location of Hungarian kings in the High Middle Ages. The article introduces the individual stages of research into this significant site and presents its results, as well as their contribution not only to the history of the castle but also to the enhancement of the specialist and lay public’s awareness of the potential and results of archaeological research. The paper also sums up all known published outcomes regarding Pustý hrad in Zvolen.
{"title":"Benefits of the long-term research into the Pustý hrad castle (Deserted castle) in Zvolen and its prospects for the future","authors":"Noémi Beljak-Pažinová, J. Beljak","doi":"10.5817/AH2020-2-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/AH2020-2-20","url":null,"abstract":"The National Cultural Monument of the Pustý hrad castle in Zvolen towers majestically on a hill at the south edge of the town of Zvolen, in the heart of Slovakia. The interest in research into this site goes back to the 18th century. Modern archaeological research conducted annually since 1992 has confirmed the importance of the castle as the seat of the Zvolen County Committee and a favourite leisure and hunting location of Hungarian kings in the High Middle Ages. The article introduces the individual stages of research into this significant site and presents its results, as well as their contribution not only to the history of the castle but also to the enhancement of the specialist and lay public’s awareness of the potential and results of archaeological research. The paper also sums up all known published outcomes regarding Pustý hrad in Zvolen.","PeriodicalId":38099,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71327872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diskontinuity historické archeologie v Čechách? : několik poznámek ke studiu středověkých elit","authors":"Jan Hasil, David C. Novak","doi":"10.5817/AH2020-2-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5817/AH2020-2-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38099,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Historica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71327989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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